1、名詞解釋：1 .The Great Depression2 Industrial Revolution 3 Melting Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution1.On October 24， 1929， the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution

2、 refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States

3、is a nation of many ethnic groups， it is also known as a “melting pot，” meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague， an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread thr

4、ough Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague， much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American gover

5、nment and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.。1929年10月24日,美國股市崩盤。數十億美元的賬面利潤是在幾個小時內消失。這導致了長期的經濟蕭條。

6、2。工業革命指的是機械化工業和社會和經濟組織的后果在18世紀末和19世紀初的英國。英國是第一個工業化的國家。工業革命在英國首先開始于紡織工業。3。因為美國是一個多民族的國家,它也被稱為“大熔爐”,意味著移民來自世界各地不同國家混合組成美國國家。4。黑死病是現代的名字給了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤傳播流行。在14世紀傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭在1348年的夏天沒有警告。它造成許多人死亡。由于瘟疫,大片土地無人照管和勞動力極度匱乏。5。美國的憲法是美國政府的基本儀器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文憲法。1787年制定,并于1789年生效。它建立聯邦制和引進制衡政府歷史上第一次。the Black Dea

7、thIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-re

8、aching economic consequences. 這是致命的黑死病在14世紀傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭沒有警告,任何治療,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它殺死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此,大片土地無人照管和勞動力短缺。它造成了深遠的經濟后果。Bloody MaryHenry VIIIs daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is also re

9、membered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais. 亨利八世的女兒和一位虔誠的天主教徒。當她成為皇后,迫害和燒毀許多新教徒。所以她被“血腥瑪麗”的綽號。瑪麗也記得君主失去法國加來港。.the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan th

10、e only one entirely in the U.S. Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan. 五大湖在美國最重要的湖泊。蘇必略湖,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖,唯一一個完全在美國,休倫湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。他們都位于加拿大和美國之間除了密西根湖。What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain? The welfare state

11、 is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to Nationa

12、l Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security. “福利國家”政府的福利國家是一個系統的國家提供經濟和社會保障的公民通過其組織衛生服務、養老金和其他設施。該系統是由全國保險稅和賦稅。術語主要適用于在英國國民健康服務(NHS),國民保險和社會保障。What are some of the characteristics of American education?(1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and

13、 higher education.(2) Public educations is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.美國教育的特點是什么?(1)在美國正規的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2)公共教育是免費和義務的。(3)多樣性被認為是美國教育的一個突出特點。(4)教育是美國的函數

14、,而不是聯邦政府。What role does the community college play?What functions does it perform?What is it important in American higher education?What is the guiding principle of such a college? The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations in the history of American higher educ

15、ation more accessible and in meeting the needs of educated adults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as well as community organizations.It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA program at a four-year institution. Second, it

16、 provides vocational training for people who are already working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruction to higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adults who did not learn basic skills in elementary or secondary school. Fourth, i

17、t offers recreational, cultural activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academic skill. Fifth, it absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lower-status vocational program.The guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone a

18、nd the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differences. 社區學院發揮什么作用?它執行什么功能?美國高等教育是什么重要的消息嗎?一個大學的指導原則是什么?社區學院作為一個機構是歷史上最重要的創新之一,美國的高等教育更容易滿足患者的需求,受過教育的成年人,本地業務的員工,專業要求認證以及社區組織。它執行五個主要功能。首先,它準備學生轉移到英航計劃四年的機構。其次,它為那些已經工作或提供職業培訓

19、期望在未來工作。第三,它給補救教學高等學校學生準備不充分的大學學業和成年人沒有在小學或中學學習基本技能。第四,它提供了休閑、文化活動對于成年人不尋求定期職業或學術技能。第五,它可以吸收學生四年計劃不合格看低職業計劃。社區學院的指導原則對每個人來說都是高等教育和哲學必須為自我實現意味著平等機會平等,承認個體差異。I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices: 1.The highest mountain in Britain is _. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis （本尼維斯）C. the

20、 CotswoldsD. the Forth 2. The longest river in Britain is _. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn（塞汶河）D. the Thames 3. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. the Lough Neage內伊湖 B. Windermere Water C. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District 4. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B. Scot

21、land C. WalesD. Northem Ireland 5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _. A. the NormansB. the Celts C. the Iberians伊比利來D. the Anglo-Saxons 7. British Recorded his

22、tory began with _. A. Roman invasionB. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 8. In 829, _ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. JohnB. James I C. Egbert埃格伯特中世紀英格蘭西撒克遜國王，英格蘭首任國王(829839) D. Henry I 9. Christmas Day _, Duke William was crowned i

23、n Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 10. Henry II was the first king of the _ dynasty. A. Windsor B. Tudor C. MalcolmD. Plantagenet 11. In 1265 _ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry III B. the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort 12. Th

24、e Hundred Years war stated in _ and wa ended in _, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _. A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, Calais C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt D. 1346, 1453, Brest 13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _ was replaced by

25、king _. A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor C. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor 14. The Renaissance began in _ in the early _ century. A. England, 14 B. England, 15 C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 15 15. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Glorious

26、 RevolutionB. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution 16. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land. A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth 17. In the 18th century, there appear

27、ed _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois Revolution C. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation 18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _ in 1583. A. CanadaB. Australia C. IndiaD. Newfoundland

28、19. _ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American: A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VII C. George VI D. George VII 20. In January _ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community. A. 1957 B. 1967 C. 1973 D. 1979 21. soon after _, Britain not only gave up its eco

29、nmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership. A. 1900 B. the First World War C. the Second World WarD. 1960 22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _ rate and the highest _ rate. A. inflation, growth B. growth, inflation C

30、. growth, divorceD. growth, birth 23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _. A. the exhaustion of old mines B. costly extraction C. little money being investedD. the labour shortage 24. Britains foreign trade is mainly with _. A. developing countriesB. other Comm

31、onwealth countries C. other developed countries D. EC 25. The House of Lords is presided over by _. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Queen C. the Archbishop of Canterbury D. the Prime Minister 26. A General Election is held every _ years and there are _ members of Parliaments are elected. A. five, 600B

32、. five, 650 C. five, 651D. four, 651 27. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she always sits in _. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons B.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords C. the Queen, the House of Commons D. the Queen, the House of Lords 28. The ultimate

33、authority for law-making resides in _. A. the QueenB. the Cabinet C. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons 29. The sources of British law include _. A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law B.statutes, common law and equity law C. statutes, common law and European Community

34、 law D. a complete code and statutes 30. In criminal trials by jury, _ passes sentenced and _ decide the issue of guilt or innocence. A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judge C. the jury, the jury D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury 31. _ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.

35、 A. Magistrates courts B. Youth courts C. district courts D. The Crown Court 32. Londons Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _. A. the England secretaries B. the Scottish Secretaries C. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary 33. The National Health Service was established in

36、 the UK in _ and based at first on _. A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of Parliament C. 1948, the Bill of Rights D. 1958, the Bill of Rights 34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _. A. war pension B. child benefit C. family credit D. unemployment bene

37、fit 35. Except that _ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none. A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime Minister C. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments 36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK

38、attend _. A. independent schools B. junior schools C. independent schools D. primary schools 37. There are some _ universities, including the Open University. A. 900 B. 290 C. 90 D. 50 38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law. A.receive completely free education B.receive parly

39、free education C.receive no free education if their families are rich D.receive no free education at all 39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _ country in the world. A. largestB. second largest C. third largestD. fourth largest 40. In the following rivers, _ has been called the American Ruhr.

40、 A. the Mississippi B. the Missouri C. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S. A. the PotomacB. the Columbia C. the Rio Grande River D. the Colorado 42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except

41、_. A. Yale B. Harvard C. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 43. The nations capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _. A. the American WestB. the Great Plains C. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States 44. The Midwest in Americas most important _ area. A. agriculturalB. industrial C. manufacturingD. mining in dustry 45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _. A. separate educational facilities had been illegal B.educational facilities had been separate but equal C. educational facilities had been equal D.