1、RHCE課程-RH253Linux服務(wù)器架設(shè)筆記四-DHCP服務(wù)器配置今天我們的課程是DHCP服務(wù)器的架設(shè),在安裝虛擬機(jī)的時(shí)候網(wǎng)卡選擇橋接的就可以.DHCP基于客戶/服務(wù)器模式。當(dāng)DHCP客戶端啟動(dòng)時(shí)，它會(huì)自動(dòng)與DHCP服務(wù)器通信，由DHCP服務(wù)器為DHCP客戶端提供自動(dòng)分配IP地址的服務(wù)。 當(dāng)然高級(jí)的DHCP，不光只是分配地址這么簡單,今天我們的課程只是架設(shè)一個(gè)普通的DHCP的服務(wù)器, client端能獲取到上網(wǎng)必須的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置信息安裝了DHCP服務(wù)軟件的服務(wù)器稱為DHCP服務(wù)器，而啟用了DHCP功能的客戶機(jī)稱為DHCP客戶端,DHCP服務(wù)器是以地址租約的方式為DHCP客戶端提供服務(wù)的，它有以

2、下兩種方式。 限定租期 永久租用學(xué)DHCP服務(wù)器，就一定要知道DHCP服務(wù)器的工作原理,不然你就白學(xué)了 DHCPDISCOVER（DHCP發(fā)現(xiàn)） DHCPOFFER（DHCP提供） DHCPREQUEST（DHCP請求） DHCPACK（DHCP確認(rèn)）這個(gè)4個(gè)步驟，是client獲取IP地址必經(jīng)的步驟 在第二步，DHCP提供的時(shí)候，服務(wù)器已經(jīng)給client分配了IP地址,第二部分分給client的IP地址是臨時(shí)的，client得到這個(gè)IP地址后，會(huì)發(fā)出DHCP請求,請求租用這個(gè)地址，服務(wù)器收到請求后，就會(huì)正式把這個(gè)地址分配給client，繼而向client發(fā)送DHCP確認(rèn)。 這個(gè)四步主要是應(yīng)對(duì)

3、同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)多個(gè)DHCP服務(wù)器后臺(tái)進(jìn)程：dhcpd 腳本：/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd 使用端口：67 所需RPM包：dhcp 相關(guān)RPM包： dhcp-devel-7.el5.i386.rpm dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm 配置文件：/etc/dhcpd.conf 日志：/var/log/xferlog68號(hào)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動(dòng)模式使用的,暫時(shí)不討論再提示一點(diǎn)吧，網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動(dòng)方式也叫bootpc，這樣獲取的IP地址是不會(huì)受服務(wù)器的租期限制的，它永遠(yuǎn)有效 好了，我們先安裝DHCP服務(wù)器 編輯DHCP的

4、主配置文件vim /etc/dhcpd.conf這里的意思是see的路勁是一個(gè)模板 我們把這個(gè)文件內(nèi)容導(dǎo)進(jìn)來,在末行模式運(yùn)行以下命令 末行模式使用 :r 文件名這樣模板就被導(dǎo)入進(jìn)來了使用模板的好處 第一自己寫配置文件，麻煩還容易出錯(cuò) 第二使用模板架設(shè)很快，只需要修改幾個(gè)參數(shù)就OK了ddns-update-style 類型 定義所支持的DNS動(dòng)態(tài)更新類型（必選）,一般我們設(shè)置成關(guān)閉,interim和none都是關(guān)閉的意思 allow/ignore client-updates 允許/忽略客戶機(jī)更新DNS記錄 subnet 網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào) netmask 子網(wǎng)掩碼 定義作用域（或IP子網(wǎng)）配置文件已經(jīng)說的

5、很清楚了 option routers ,網(wǎng)關(guān)，我的網(wǎng)關(guān)是 nis-domain 局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)有nis服務(wù)器的，可以設(shè)置nis服務(wù)器的域名我沒有架設(shè)nis服務(wù)器，所以這行可以注釋了 下一行是domain-name，域名 我的是 linux當(dāng)然有超級(jí)域,linux也能實(shí)現(xiàn)中繼DHCP,相關(guān)設(shè)置參考RHEL5企業(yè)級(jí)Linux服務(wù)攻略-第3季 DHCP服務(wù)全攻略time-offset：為客戶端指定格林威治時(shí)間偏移時(shí)間，單位秒，該選項(xiàng)可以在全局配置、局部配置均可使用。 ntp-servers：NTP是時(shí)間服務(wù)器 netbios-name-servers：是微軟的名字服務(wù)器 NTP服務(wù)

6、器，你可以設(shè)置一個(gè)外網(wǎng)的，如果覺得沒必要就可以不設(shè)置range dynamic-bootp 就是動(dòng)態(tài)分配的IP地址池，這個(gè)是IP地址是連在一起的地址池范圍下面兩行是默認(rèn)租期和最大租期，單位是秒 如果你某個(gè)主機(jī)要固定獲取某個(gè)IP，就可以使用下面的功能，next-server 這里用不上，意思就是下一個(gè)服務(wù)器，一般指向tftp的，一般是PXE網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用這個(gè)參數(shù) 好了，保存退出 重新啟動(dòng)服務(wù)記住，配置文件中的一定要對(duì)應(yīng)，還有第一個(gè)參數(shù)ddns-update-styple 必須要，一般就不會(huì)出什么問題了看下日志 cat /var/log/messagesrootrhel5 # cat /var/log/

7、messages Mar 22 04:02:10 rhel5 syslogd : restart. Mar 22 04:02:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: 2009/03/22 04:02:09, 0 nmbd/nmbd_workgroupdb.c:dump_workgroups(282) Mar 22 04:02:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: dump_workgroups() Mar 22 04:02:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: dump workgroup on subnet 88: netmask= : M

8、ar 22 04:02:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: WANXUAN(7) current master browser = SERVER Mar 22 04:02:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: WORKGROUP(6) current master browser = LENOVO-A5A67FC0 Mar 22 04:02:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: MYGROUP(1) current master browser = RHEL5 Mar 22 04:02:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: RHEL5 40849a03 (Samba Server V

9、ersion 3.0.25b-0.el5.4) Mar 22 08:38:43 rhel5 kernel: VFS: busy inodes on changed media. Mar 22 08:38:49 rhel5 last message repeated 7 times Mar 22 08:48:06 rhel5 scim-bridge: Panel client has not yet been prepared Mar 22 08:48:09 rhel5 Panel client has not yet been prepared Mar 22 08:48:09 rhel5 sc

10、im-bridge: Panel client has not yet been prepared Mar 22 08:53:07 rhel5 kernel: VFS: busy inodes on changed media. Mar 22 08:53:38 rhel5 last message repeated 33 times Mar 22 08:54:21 rhel5 last message repeated 42 times Mar 22 13:27:30 rhel5 Panel client has not yet been prepared Mar 22 13:27:30 rh

11、el5 scim-bridge: Panel client has not yet been prepared Mar 22 13:29:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: 2009/03/22 13:29:09, 0 nmbd/nmbd.c:terminate(58) Mar 22 13:29:09 rhel5 nmbd24089: Got SIGTERM: going down. Mar 22 13:34:09 rhel5 nmbd18273: 2009/03/22 13:34:09, 0 nmbd/nmbd.c:terminate(58) Mar 22 13:34:09 rhel5

12、nmbd18273: Got SIGTERM: going down. Mar 22 13:39:51 rhel5 nmbd18445: 2009/03/22 13:39:51, 0 nmbd/nmbd_become_lmb.c:become_local_master_stage2(396) Mar 22 13:39:51 rhel5 nmbd18445: * Mar 22 13:39:51 rhel5 nmbd18445: Mar 22 13:39:51 rhel5 nmbd18445: Samba name server RHEL5 is now a local master browse

13、r for workgroup MYGROUP on subnet 88 Mar 22 13:39:51 rhel5 nmbd18445: Mar 22 13:39:51 rhel5 nmbd18445: * Mar 22 16:17:20 rhel5 nmbd18445: 2009/03/22 16:17:20, 0 nmbd/nmbd.c:terminate(58) Mar 22 16:17:20 rhel5 nmbd18445: Got SIGTERM: going down. Mar 22 16:22:51 rhel5 nmbd23030: 2009/03/22

14、16:22:51, 0 nmbd/nmbd_become_lmb.c:become_local_master_stage2(396) Mar 22 16:22:51 rhel5 nmbd23030: * Mar 22 16:22:51 rhel5 nmbd23030: Mar 22 16:22:51 rhel5 nmbd23030: Samba name server RHEL5 is now a local master browser for workgroup MYGROUP on subnet 88 Mar 22 16:22:51 rhel5 nmbd23030:

15、 Mar 22 16:22:51 rhel5 nmbd23030: * Mar 22 16:28:33 rhel5 nmbd23030: 2009/03/22 16:28:33, 0 nmbd/nmbd.c:terminate(58) Mar 22 16:28:33 rhel5 nmbd23030: Got SIGTERM: going down. Mar 22 16:34:15 rhel5 nmbd23366: 2009/03/22 16:34:15, 0 nmbd/nmbd_become_lmb.c:become_local_master_stage2(396) Mar 22 16:34:

16、15 rhel5 nmbd23366: * Mar 22 16:34:15 rhel5 nmbd23366: Mar 22 16:34:15 rhel5 nmbd23366: Samba name server RHEL5 is now a local master browser for workgroup MYGROUP on subnet 88 Mar 22 16:34:15 rhel5 nmbd23366: Mar 22 16:34:15 rhel5 nmbd23366: * Mar 23 10:44:21 rhel5 kernel: VFS: busy inod

17、es on changed media. Mar 23 10:44:26 rhel5 last message repeated 7 times Mar 23 14:01:09 rhel5 dhcpd: WARNING: Host declarations are global. They are not limited to the scope you declared them in. Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: dhcpd shutdown succeeded Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: Internet Systems Con

18、sortium DHCP Server V3.0.5-RedHat Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium. Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: All rights reserved. Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: For info, please visit url/sw/dhcp/url Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: WARNING: Host declaratio

19、ns are global. They are not limited to the scope you declared them in. Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file. Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file. Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: Wrote 0 leases to leases file. Mar 23 14:01:10 rhel5 dhcpd: Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:ec:fd:83/192.168.0/24 Mar 23 14:01:11 rhel5 dhcpd: Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:ec:fd:83/192.168.0/24 Mar 23