1、“Simulation Methodology for DC/DC Converters with Integrated MagneticComponents”© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryAnsoft Power Suite© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryInterleaved Converters FeaturesLoadParalleling+Shift+Packaging© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC Proprietar

2、yAdvantages of Interleaved Converters (I)ICIL1L1IL1ICIL2IL2IL1L2ICIL2Ripple cancellationSmall COUT© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC Proprietary2 convertersd = 50%4 convertersd = 25%Advantages of Interleaved Converters (II)Vs = 9V, Is = 10A28 VVs = 24V, Is = 10A© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC P

3、roprietaryAdvantages of Interleaved Converters (III)LoadIIN/N© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryApplication of Interleaved ConvertersAmp RFControl© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryPower ConverterFilterInterleaved converters: Automotive application© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Anso

4、ft, LLC ProprietaryDC-DCDC-DCDC-DC12V12V400V42VHighLowAutomotive Application: Multi- phase converters. 36 phasesPhase currents21.510.50-0.50.0E+005.0E-061.0E-05 t (s)1.5E-052.0E-052.5E-05100.00Very small size97.50Only power stagePower stage + controlSMDOcoutmpuptocnaepnactsitors95.0092.5090.0087.508

5、5.00SMD is possible82.5080.00010203040506070Output current (A)© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryPhase currents (A)Efficiency (%)Interleaved Converters design with Simplorer (I)SMPS Library elements© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietarySimplorer SMPS librarySMPS library contains

6、 a wide list of averagedand switch level ms© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryInterleaved Converters design with Simplorer (II)Efficiency 86%Vin = 12 V; Vout = 3.3 V© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC Proprietary6. 005. 002. 5002. 000500. 00u1. 02m1.00500.00m005.0010.005.004.003.002.009.

7、95m9.96m9.98m10.00mMagnetic Component design with PExprt (I)Phase Currents3.002.00AM1.I .AM2.I .AM3.I .1.0001.95m 1.96m1.98m2.00m© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryDesign with PExprt. Step 1: Design© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryPExprt.Step 2: Select & Compare© 2

8、008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryPExprt.Step 2: Select & Compare© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryPExprt.Step 3: Optimize© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryPExprt. Step 4: Circuit level simulation with Simplorer© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryCompari

9、son of m level with Simplorers at circuitEf f icie.1.001.00500.00m500.00mEf f icie.0Efficiency005.0010.0050.00m5.0010.00Phase Currents3.001.6A p-p5.001.6A p-p2.004.00AM1.I .AM2.I .AM3.I .1.003.00010Current at each phase2.004.87m4.88m4.90m4.92m9.95m9.96m9.98m.00m© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC Pr

10、oprietary85%86%Integrated Magnetics vs Discrete ComponentsDiscrete ComponentsIntegrated Magnetics© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryIntegrated Magnetics Features in Interleaved Converters (I)Multiphase convertersMagnetic integrationCouplingi1i0v1Loadi2v2i3v3i4© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Anso

11、ft, LLC ProprietaryIntegrated Magnetics Features in Interleaved Converters (II)iOv1Loadi2v2i3v3 Standard cores© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryIntegrated Magnetics Features in Interleaved Converters (III)Core ACore BCore ACore BWinding phase 3Winding phase 1Winding phase 4Volume compar

12、isonWinding phase 2Winding phase 4125%Core APhase 2100%75%Phase 1Phase 350%Phase 4Core B25%0%Decoupled inductorIntegrated transformerIntegrated transformer +additional inductorAnsoft, LLC Proprietary© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Design of Integrated Magnetics with PExprtFeaturesFrequency dependent Capacit

13、ive effectsNonlinear core© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryComponent mZ13Z23Z12i1i2i3Z11Z22Z33electricsub-m+ d f1 d t+ d f2 d t+ d f3 d tN1N2N3ÂCleftÂGleft+N1·i 1magnetic sub-mf3© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryÂCcenterÂCrightÂGcenterÂGri

14、ghtf1+N2·i 2f2+N3·i 3Single column vs. Several column M© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC Proprietary left center right+Double 2D concept3D2D2D© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryDouble 2D conceptFrontal AnalysisLateral Analysis© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft,

15、LLC ProprietaryDouble 2D conceptD1D2¦ D1 and D2 are both considered in the lateral analysis,because in the frontal analysis the core is included© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryCore shapes implemented with Double 2DEEETDEIUUEFDToroid© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryI

16、ntegrated Magnetic NetlistType: FEA/ MPORT electrical: ap_center; PORT electrical: am_center; PORT electrical: bp_center; PORT electrical: bm_center;AMsens1INTERN AMAMsens1N1:=ap_centerx, N2:=N1_1;ap/ - Winding 1 -MIMP1_2SIMP1_1core/ Winding wind_1 Winding definition/ END Winding wind_1W_1REddy1N1:=

17、N1_4, N2:=am_center ( R:=1.998186ae+m005 );INTERN RREddy_W_1/ - MFOR LINEAR CORE RM12/I -INTERN RRMAGLINEAR_PExprt_CoreN1:=M4, N2:= GND( R:= 1.613822e+005 );/ - Mutual and Self Impedances -/ - Z1_1 -/ Self Impedance 1 Self Impedance definition/ END Self Impedance 1/ - Z1_2 -/ Mutual Impedance 1 2 Mu

18、tual Impedance definition/ END Mutual Impedance 1 2© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietarySelf-Impedancec2isFoster NetworkNPFZ(s) = c + c s+å s + c01i=12i-1pa/Self Impedance 1/END Self Impedance 1© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC Proprietaryc2s s + c3c4s s + c5c6s s + c7c0 + c1sMutual

19、-Impedancec2isNPFZ(s) = c + c s+å s + cFoster NetworkEDROP01i=12i-1N1_3N1_2/ Mutual Impedance 1 2INTERN IIIsens_1_2 N1:=GND, N2:=z_1_2( IS := AMsens2.I,PARTDERIV := 1, AC_PHASE := 0, AC_MAG := AMsens2.I );INTERN VMVMZ_1_2 N1:=z_1_2, N2:=GND ;INTERN EEUdrop_1_2 N1:=N1_3, N2:=N1_2( EMF := VMZ_1_2

20、.V,PARTDERIV := 1, AC_PHASE := 0, AC_MAG := VMZ_1_2.V );R LRser_1_2_0 N1:=z_1_2, N2:=N12_1_0( R:=-1.931039e-003 );Lser_1_2_0 N1:=N12_1_0, N2:=N12_1_1( L:=2.769650e-006, I0:= );isensRLRpar_1_2_1 N1:=N12_1_1, N2:=N12_1_2Lpar_1_2_1 N1:=N12_1_1, N2:=N12_1_2( R:=-1.545651e-004 );( L:=-1.022399e-009, I0:=

21、 );RRpar_1_2_2 N1:=N12_1_2, N2:=N12_1_3( R:=-2.835523e-001 );LLpar_1_2_2 N1:=N12_1_2, N2:=N12_1_3( L:=-3.918711e-008, I0:= );RLRpar_1_2_3 N1:=N12_1_3, N2:=GNDLpar_1_2_3 N1:=N12_1_3, N2:=GND( R:=-9.547027e-002 );( L:=-9.382589e-008, I0:= );/END Mutual Impedance 1 2© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC

22、ProprietaryCapacitance.bpapbmam© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryCore Shape SelectionCore shape and size selectedPExprt library.from© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryWinding SetupWinding Setups are specified for each leg of core: center, left and right© 2008 Ansoft, LL

23、C.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryWinding SetupCross-sectional View“Outer legs” Winding Setup© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryConductor SetupConductor type and size selectedPExprt library.from© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietarySchematic LayoutConnections adedbetween each windingsection to the bobbin pins.© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryFEA Simulation© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietaryFEA Results© 2008 Ansoft, LLC.Ansoft, LLC ProprietarySimple procedure to define Integrated Magnetics in PExprt