1、2015年12月大學英語四級選詞填空練習與答案解析Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always _1_ such people, but I also explain that theresa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of _2_ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewrite

2、r. "Youve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a _3_, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never _4_. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Gua

3、rd to become a freelancewriter（自由撰稿人）, I had no _5_ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was _6_and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a _7_ writer.After a year or so, however

4、, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to _8_ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat _9_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test-even though

5、it meant living with _10_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.A) barelyB) genuineC) rewardedD) doubtE) lonelyF) povertyG) persuadeH) prospectsI) uncertaintyJ)impossiblyK) encourageL)awardedM) aloneN)wealthO)cold【答案】1.選K）。 此處應填動詞的原形。可選項有dou

6、bt, persuade, encourage，但由always推知，作者是在鼓勵那些想要成為作家的人，而不是懷疑也不是說服，故排除doubt和persuade而選encourage.2.選N）。由空格后的fame可知，此處應填名詞。可選項有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 與第二段中The reality ispoor-paying可推知，那些想當作家的人夢想的是金錢和名譽，而不是前途，故排除prospects而選wealth.3.選E）。此處應填形容詞，private，poor-paying一起修飾affair.選項中有lonely和alone，能修飾affai

7、r的只有lonely，alone表示“孤獨的”時，通常作表語，故排除alone而選lonely.4.選C）。此處應填動詞的被動形式。可選項有rewarded和awarded，前者可表示“（為所希望的舉動得到的）回報”，后者作動詞時表示“頒發，授予”，故只有rewarded符合題意而排除awarded.5.選H）。此處應填名詞。“當我辭別了我在美國海岸警衛隊20年工作成為一個自由撰稿人時，沒有任何可言”，可選項有prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意義上的“金錢”，因此排除wealth而選prospects“前途”。6.選O）。it指代的是apartment buildin

8、g，從had no bathroom可知這個公寓條件很差，選項中只有cold能說明公寓的條件差，故選擇O）cold.7.選B）。“我馬上買了一臺舊的手動打字機，感覺自己就好像是一個的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此處作者是想成為一個真正的作家，故選項中只有genuine“真正的”符合題意。8.選D）。由空格前的to可知，此處應填動詞的原形。可選項有doubt，persuade，encourage，但由still hadn't gotten a break“在寫作上還沒有任何進展”，所以此處應理解為他開始懷疑自己的選擇是否正確，故do

9、ubt符合文意。9.選A）。that從句結構完整，后面有made，故此處應填副詞。可選項有barely和impossibly，因that引導的從句是對story的解釋，再由hard一詞可推知，此處應填的副詞應表達肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而選barely“僅僅，剛剛”。10.選I）。由空格后的and可知，此處應填名詞。由fear of failure可知，所填詞應表示不好的境遇，可選項有poverty和uncertainty；又由fear可推知，此處強調的是生活的變化無常，而不是生活的貧困，故選uncertainty.Americans are proud of their var

10、iety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ supe

11、rior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to

12、_6_ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the

13、 consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.AskillBpopularC

14、getDchangeEsimilarlyFprofessionalGcharacterHindividualityIinspireJdifferentlyKexpectLpracticalMrecallNloseOordinaryANSWERS：1.選B）。從文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他們又無比熱愛和崇尚制服”，說明了制服在美國很受歡迎。因此選項B）popular符合原文意思。選項中的professional“職業的”、practical“實用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。

15、2.選F）。此處應填形容詞。從morethan civilian clothes可知，此處要填的形容詞意思與civilian相對，說明制服的特點。選項中的形容詞中只有professional“職業的”和civilian相對的，故F）正確。而pratical“實用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian對應，故排除。3.選K）。由be conditioned to do sth.“習慣于”可知，此處應填動詞原形。從前面的look more“看起來更”和后面的tend to“傾向于”可知，這段要說明的是人們的主觀印象，應填入表示“期望（得到）”的單詞，只有K）expect符合原

16、文語氣。選項中get“得到”與上下文的語氣不符合。4.選I）。此處應填動詞原形。從原文中“人們習慣從穿制服的人那兒得到優質服務。”可知，人們更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人產生信任感。選項中的動詞原形中只有inspire“使產生”符合文章。5.選A）。此處應填名詞。前面兩句表達了人們對穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么對于garage mechanic“汽車修理工”來說，人們信任的是它的技術，而不是人品，故選項中只有A）skill符合原文意思。6.選N）。此處應填動詞。.step out of uniform“脫掉制服”是對護士、警察等來說是職業身份的很簡單的方式。脫下制服就是失去了職業身份，由此可

17、以推知此處應填N）lose.7.選L）。此處應填形容詞，說明制服的其他有點。從下文“節省購買其他衣服的開銷，節省洗衣費用，比便服更舒適也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感還有實際的優點。選項中的pratical“實用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明顯L）pratical符合原文意思。8.選H）。此處應填名詞。文章手段就說“美國人為自己的多元化和個性化感到高傲無比，然而他們又無比熱愛和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他們失去自己的個性的意思，那么聯系第一段，此處指出的制服的缺點即為失去個性，故選項H）individuality正確。individuality強調與他人特點的區別，而characte

18、r指的是個人特定的內在本質。9.選D）。此處應填名詞。前面說制服讓人失去了個性，雖然有很多種制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是沒有變化的，故此處應填change，故D）正確。10.選E）。此處應填副詞，修飾動詞act.前面指出.look alike, they tend to，說明此處填的詞和alike意思相近。選項種副詞有similarly和differently，很明顯，E）similarly與alike意思相近，故選E）。What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it a

19、fterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity（肥胖）. Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence（矛盾情結）lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but wen

20、t in vain. The first cash crop（經濟作物）wasn't eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation

21、's food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country's most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation's defining struggles, whether at the Boston Te

22、a Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political.But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We

23、have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage（束縛）. It's what we eatand how we 10 it with fr

24、iends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A. answerI. creativeB. resultJ. beliefC. shareK. suspiciousD. guiltyL. certaintyE. constantM. obsessedF. definedN. identifyG. vanishO. idealsH. adapted【答案及詳解】1.D feel是一個系動詞，可以判斷此處應填入一個形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及后面介詞about，可以確定選項為D項guilty，短語

25、feel guilty about sth. “對感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有負罪感”。2.M be obsessed with為固定搭配，原意為“被附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。3.A 本句缺一個名詞作主語，并且根據和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項answer.4.I 本句根據more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個形容詞構成比較級，根據上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發了更多新奇的方法來酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項。5.F 本題較難。根據be 和by 確定應填入一個

26、過去分詞。再根據上下文，上文表示“應該吃典型的美國人吃的食物”，下文通過 but 轉折，表示實際上“美國的食物已經被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項。6.B 政治結果，可根據宗教原因religious reasons來推斷此處填政治結果。7.L 由于橫線后面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據下文解釋，“美國人對他們所吃的食物的態度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意義為“堅定的觀點也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項。8.K 系動詞become后應填入一個形容詞，和后面介詞of形成短語be/become su

27、spicious of“對感到懷疑”。9.J 本句缺一個名詞作主語，并且根據和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項belief，(have) belief in sth.“ 相信”。10.C 本句是一般現在時，缺一個動詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項為share, share sth. with sb.，“與某人分享某事”。As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is

28、 _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees

29、. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are _5_ together to

30、 give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often de

31、cided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the value of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to

32、measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenceGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapa

33、cityMabilityNBasicallyOadopt【答案及詳解】1.選B）。此處應填形容詞。原文意思為“會計部門計算報酬”，選項中的形容詞responsible“負責任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“間接的”，successful “成功的”，其中indirect不能與for連用，排除；剩余幾項中只有B）responsible意義符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.選O）。此處應填動詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時需要注意的問題，選項中的動詞原形有compare“比較”，find“找到”，adopt“采納”，分別帶入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故選

34、O）。3.選H）。此處應填名詞。從原文看，and連接并列結構，所以要填的詞應與and后面的ways意思一致，選項中的名詞只有mathod = ways，故選H）method.4.選I）。此處應填形容詞。上文說新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評估和衡量雇員表現的方法，說的是制度“是否有用”的問題。這句說的時新的工資制度執行過程中的問題，勞資雙方先期達成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和 successful，I）seccessful更符合原文意思。5.選D）。此處應填動詞。這個動詞的賓語是point“分值”，把分值起來to give a total value “得出總分值”，選項中

35、有added和combined，前者指“把相加”，后者意為“把結合在一起”，原文指將分值相加得出總分，故D）added最符合文意。6.選M）。此處應填名詞。首先solve problem“解決問題”是經理們應具備的能力，選項中的capacity與ability都可以表示“能力”；前者強調的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者強調實際應用的能力，故不難判斷解決問題的能力應該用M）ability.7.選F）。此處應填名詞。前半句指出“因為管理工作很難評估，經理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的評估系統決定。”without reference to為固定搭配，意思是“與無關”。故選F）referenc

36、e.8.選A）。此處應填動詞原形。原句中出現了the value of each job“每種工作的價值”和these in the job market“工作市場上的（工作價值）”，說明人事部門通過比較兩種價值來計算工資制度。選項中只有compare表示“比較”，所以A）正確。9.選K）。此處應填副詞，修飾整句話。“報酬要隨工作表現各方面的不同而有所改變”，選項中Necessarily“必須地”與Basically“基本地”為副詞，分別帶入原文，“報酬的變化是必須的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N），選K）。10.選G）。此處應填形容詞。前文中提到一種情況即simple to measure t

37、he work done “易于評估的工作”，通常用現金獎勵辦法；而.measurement is difficult“難于評估的”，說明這些工作人員的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是間接的，故選項中只有G）indirect符合原句的意思。Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any

38、other graphic and phisical _1_ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very _2_ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (P

39、lain Old Telephone Service) or the _3_ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.Good people communication is _4_ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your _5_ will be the right ones. Videoconferenci

40、ng not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note _6_ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more _7_ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot _8_._9_, organizations are

41、 discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to _10_ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical r

42、eality for any organization.A) fortunatelyB) effectiveC) imagesD) articulateE) facialF) manageG) decisionsH) connectI) advancedJ) integrateK) progressiveL) conceptsM)picturesN) increasinglyO) important【答案】1.選C）。空格中要填的是名詞，從后面的.can be captured and transmitted可以選出選項中images和pictures，pictures指“畫面，圖片”，一般指靜態的情景；而文中的意思表達的是實時的電視會議，畫面應該是動態的，images可以表示動態的形象，畫面，故C）images正確。2.選I）。這里應填形容詞，修飾the technology