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1、五年級上冊英語語法知識點一、注意名詞單復數(shù):1、可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用于: Howmany后面; some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three 后面; these/those后面all the后面; between后面跟一種物體時,這個物體用復數(shù)like 后面are前面的人稱和名詞用復數(shù) :we/they/the children2、名詞復數(shù)的變化規(guī)則:1) 一般直接 +s: bears , students ,2) 以 s. x. sh. ch 結(jié)尾,力口 es: bus-buses , box-boxes ,3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,把y變?yōu)閕,再加ies :librar

2、y libraries hobby-hobbies story-stories4)不規(guī)貝U名詞復數(shù) :man-men, woman-women policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children3、不可數(shù)名詞 :water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread( 面包),rice( 米 飯),hair 等等。二、注意一般現(xiàn)在時動t的第三人稱單數(shù);(注:所有否定句、疑問句中,動詞都用原形。)1、肯定句中哪些情況下用第三人稱單數(shù):1)人稱代詞he, she, it作主語時;2)單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語時;3)單數(shù)可

3、數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時;4)不可數(shù)名詞作主語時;5)當數(shù)字或字母作主語時,等等。2、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下:1) 一般情況下,動詞后面直接加s.如:works / plays/ reads2)以s. x. sh. ch 或o結(jié)尾的動詞,在后面加es.例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加es.例:study- studies fly-flies carry-carries4)不規(guī)則動詞的第三人稱單數(shù):havehas; b

4、eis三、人稱代詞、名詞所有格及序數(shù)詞單數(shù)復數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimherItusyouthem物主myyourhisherItsouryourtheir代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的1、主格用來作句中的主語,用于動詞前面。例:They are doctors.2、賓格用來作句中的賓語,放在動詞或介詞的后面。本冊書上出現(xiàn)的詞組:in front of her show her around push me teach you Whaf s wrong with him? write him a letterHere' s

5、 a Christmas card for you. Letme:chat with them on theInternet giveit a cake3、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞形容詞性物主代詞,之所以叫它們形容詞是因為他們必須放在名詞前面。4、名詞所有格 作形容詞性,在人名或稱呼后加s,表示所屬關系;如:mother' s, parents '5、序數(shù)詞 first-second-third-fourth 1)序數(shù)詞一般要與 the 連用;2 )在某一層樓用介詞on。四、選擇和用所給詞適當形式填空1、哪些情況加動詞原形(注:有to時,to跟后面的動詞原形放在同一空格)1) w

6、ant to + 動詞原形2) would like to +動詞原形 3 ) it ' s time to+動詞原形4)情態(tài)動詞can+動詞原形 5 )助動詞(do, does , don ' t, doesn ' t) +動詞 原形6) let+動詞原形7)祈使句中動詞用原形 (如Dpyour homework,please.)8)否定句在句首加 Don t (如Don' t do your homework, please)+ 動詞原形2、哪些情況加動詞ing1) like 2) go 3 ) be good at 4 ) be 5)后面跟名詞,如 swi

7、mming lesson動詞+ing變化規(guī)則如下:A 直接力口上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-readingB、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加上ingskate-skating make-making dance-dancinghave-having come-coming write-writingC、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞要雙寫尾字母,再加上 ing從單詞的末尾開始往前數(shù)符合“輔音 -元音-輔音”結(jié)構(gòu)的。(注:詞尾是 w和y的除外,如:drawing, playing 等除外);run-running sit-sitting put-putting b

8、egin-beginningget-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping3. 形容詞加名詞(形名)如:a beautiful girl4. 動詞加副詞(動副) 如:swim well5. Som倒口 any 用法:“some' 一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和疑問句。但在一些表示委婉請求, 想得到對方肯定回答時也用“ some。(小技巧:末尾是句號,句中是any,那這句型是否定句)6. There be結(jié)構(gòu)就近原則,be動詞的選擇取決于緊跟在后面的名詞數(shù)量。如:There is a teacher and some s

9、tudents in the classroom.7. 樂器前加 the, 球類前不加 the.如:play the piano, play football8. Who當作特殊的第三人稱 單數(shù)(Who sing s well?)9. 一般現(xiàn)在時構(gòu)成:1)主語+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。2)主語+行為動詞+其它。關 鍵詞:always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every(注:主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞加s, es或輔音+y時,把y變?yōu)閕再加es;其他時候動詞用 原形)10. 現(xiàn)在進行時關鍵詞:look, listen, now (

10、注:be動詞(is am are) +動詞ing,兩 者缺一不可)11. and前后謂語動詞一致。指當句子中有兩個或兩個以上的謂語動詞共用同一個主語時,一般謂語動詞的時態(tài)保持一 致。She often goes fishing and take s photos. Let ' s go and have some chicken.12、相同意思不同用法的辨析:1)有;there is/are 和 have/hasthere is/are表示在某地有某物(或某人);表示存在;there be 就近原則;have/has表示某人有某物;表示所屬關系;前面必須有主語。2) 也;too-eit

11、her-alsotoo 用于肯定句和疑問句句末;either 用于否定句句末; also 用于句中。3)者B; both-allboth用于兩者都;all用于三者及以上都。4)好;good-wellgood+名詞;動詞+well。5)和;with-andwith是介詞,意思是“和一起”,后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。and是連詞,意思是“和",用and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用 復數(shù)。五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換同義句:1. It ' s time for sth= It s time to do sth.該是時間了(注:for 后面跟名詞;to后面跟動詞原形)It ' s

12、 time for dinner.=Its time to have dinner.2. What time is it?=What ' s the time? 幾點呢?3. There is(are) no (s) -=There isn ' t / aren' t any 沒有4. have no - = don' t have (any) 沒有一They have no legs or arms. =They don ' t have any legs or arms.5. has no = doesn ' t have (any) 沒有一

13、6. I like picnics. = I like having picnics.注:like 后面跟名詞或動名詞(動詞+ing) 7. show sth (某物)to sb( 某人)=show sb ( 某物)sth( 某人)向一展示東西8. give sth( 某物)to sb( 某人尸give sb (某物)sth( 某人) 給一人東西9. What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is!多么可愛的螞蟻啊10. That is Jan ' s umbrella.= That umbrella is Jan ' s.那是杰的傘11.

14、What' s wrong with him? = What ' s the matter with him?他怎么了 ?否定句1、有 be 動詞(am, is ,are ), be 后直接力口 not (am not/ is not=isn ' t/ are not =aren,t);2、有 can, can 后直接力口 not (can not=can ' t);3、只有動詞,在動詞原形前加don' t;三單動詞前加doesn' t,動詞變回原形。He does his homework.(改成否定句) He doesn ' t do

15、 his homework.一般疑問句:用Yes或No回答的句子1、有be動詞,be動詞提前;2、有 can 或 would , can 或 would 提前;3、只有動詞,句首加 Do/ Does,動詞用原形;注意:I ' m 變 Are you ; some 變 any; my 變 your; and 變 or .特殊疑問句:有特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句There be句型提問:1、對數(shù)量提問:1) How many +名詞復數(shù)+ are there + 介詞短語?(注:對there be后面可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時,無論主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),都用復數(shù)形式 提問)例:There are_24

16、 classrooms in our school? / Thereis only oneclassroom in our school? (對劃線部分提問)How many classrooms are there in our school? (注: 上面兩句提問,者B是這句 子)2) How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +介詞短語?例:There is somemilk in the glass.( 對劃線部分提問)How much milk is there in the glass?2、對主語提問there be 針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:What s +

17、介詞短語?(注:對there be 后面的主語提問時,無論主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),都用What' s提問)例:There are six books on the desk. / There is a book on the desk.(對戈U線部分提問)What s on the desk? (注:上面兩句提問,都是這句子)感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu):感嘆句常用how或what來引導(1) what引導的感嘆句,最終修飾的是名詞(2) how引導的感嘆句,最終修飾的是形容詞/副詞What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is!多么可愛的螞蟻啊!對劃線提問,疑問詞:W

18、hat問什么; What colour 問顏色;What time問具體時間(如幾點鐘);when問 范圍廣的時間;where問在哪里;How old問年齡;how many問數(shù)量(可數(shù)名詞);how much 1)問數(shù)量(不可數(shù)名詞),2)問價錢;how about問怎樣;who問誰(人);whose問誰的東西(問主人);同音詞:B- bebee, C- seesea, R- are, T tea, U- you, 、一 why, I-eye, too-two-to, four for,here hear, there their, right write,sunson, no know,

19、pair pear, it ' sits, buy bybye, hi high, wearwhere, aren' t aunt, who ' swhose,近義詞(或同義詞):Man尸 10tsofa lot of,desktable,like love,tall -highnearbeside,too also, listen hear, look see,class lesson, glass -cup,homehouse,beautiful pretty, usually often, hi hello,speaksaytalk, riverlake,woul

20、d like want, go home come home反義詞(或?qū)~):yes no, this that, these those, here there, go come, open close, big small, fat thin, tall short, long short, black white, happy sad, hot cold, cool warm, soft hard, on under, in front of behind, in out, boy girl, man woman, wrong right, down up, sit stand, ea

21、sy difficult, take off( 脫下) put on( 穿上)完整形式:I ' mI am,we' rewe are, you' re you are, he' she is,it ' sit is,there ' sthere is, isn ' t is not who ' swho is, Let ' s let us, I ' dI would,can' t can not, don ' t do not, doesn ' t does not特殊的名詞復數(shù):man

22、men, woman women, policeman policemen, child children, foot feet,fish fish, people people, Chinese-Chinese動詞變名詞:A. 一般情況下在動詞后面直接加er 0teach-teacher ,workworker,play player, sing singer, find finderB.以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加r。write writer, drive driver, come comer, dance dancerC.符合重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞,先雙寫最后一個字母,再加 er。run runner

23、, begin beginner, swim swimmerD.部分單詞在詞尾加or 0 visit visitor , act actorE.本身既是動詞又是名詞。cook cook, doctor doctorCulture 板塊:U1, U2, U3, U5, U6, U7.1) . U1: Coffee is popular in Western咖啡在西方國家受歡迎。2) . U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor. first floor.在英國,這是一樓。3) . U3: You can see pandas in China.countri

24、es. Tea is popular in China.茶在中國受歡迎。In the US, this is the在美國,這是一樓。You can see bald eagles inthe US.你在中國可以看到熊貓你在美國能看到禿鷹。You can see polar bears in Canada. You can see kangaroos inAustralia.你在加拿大能看到北極熊。4) . U5: In the US, we call a policeman a firefighter a “fireman ” .在美國,我們稱呼警察為cop。fireman。5) . U6:

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