1、.英語句子的自然順序是主語在前, 謂語在后 （主語 +謂語）。把謂語動詞放在主語之前（謂語 +主語）, 就叫倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 如果全部謂語放在主語之前, 叫全部倒裝 ;如果只把助動詞或be 動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。基本語序（ natural order）：主語 +謂語 +賓語（ subject + predicate+ object）I love English.完全倒裝 (full inversion)謂語 +主語Here came the headmaster.部分倒裝 (partial inversion)助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 +動詞Nerve will I forgive y

2、ou.一、完全倒裝1. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)。另外 , 在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be 動詞的動詞有 :exist, seem,happen,appear, live, rise, stand等。There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.例題 :_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; atB. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands;

3、 at2 (1).在以 here 、 there 、 now、 then 等副詞開頭的句子里。句式：副詞vi 名詞主語“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或 be,go,lie,run) +主語 " 結(jié)構(gòu)。Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Now comes your turn.如果主語是人稱代詞, 主語和謂語語序不變，不用倒裝。如:Here you are.There she comes.(2).表示方向的副詞out, in, up, dow

4、n等置于句首 , 要用全部倒裝。如果主語是人稱代詞, 就不用倒裝。如:In came Mr. White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy.題： There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comesB. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she comeD. the phone goes; come she3. 當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組( 如 on the wall, under the tree, in front o

5、f the house, inthe middle of the room等 ) 在句首時。句式：介詞短語vi 主語（必須是名詞）如： At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.East of the lake lie two towns.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.;.注意：在上述句子中，如果主語為人稱代詞，則主、謂不需要倒裝。In he came and back he went again.4." 分詞 ( 代詞 ) + be +主語 " 結(jié)構(gòu)。Walking

6、at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.題： _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.A. Einstein was suchB. Such was EinsteinC. Einstein was soD. So was Einstein_ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To goD. Going5，某些表語位于

7、句首，保持句子平衡，以強(qiáng)調(diào)表語.句式：表語系動詞主語（必須是名詞）1) 表語為介詞短語Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.2) 表語為形容詞Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.3) 表語為過去分詞Seated on the ground are a group of young people.4) 表語為進(jìn)行時態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞Lying on the floor was a boy.Standing beside the de

8、sk was a teacher.二、部分倒裝部分倒裝是把be 動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞放到主語之前。如果句子中沒有這些詞,要在主語之前加助動詞do / does / did等 , 而把原來的謂語動詞變成原形放在主語之后。1. 句首狀語為否定詞或半否定詞的句子。這類詞或短語主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常） , rarely（很少，罕有） , hardly, scarcely（幾乎不，簡直沒有）, no sooner（立即） , by no means（決不）， not only, in no way（決不） , at no time, f

9、ew, not, no等,句式：“否定詞 / 詞組助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 /be 動詞主語其他” 。Not until+從句 / 時間狀語 +主句（部分倒裝） 。No sooner had sb done than ； Hardly/scarcely had sb done when剛剛 就Not only+分句（部分倒裝）but also+分句（不倒裝）注意： not only置于句首 but(also)部分不倒裝，1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had

10、I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seenB.never I have seenC. never have I seenD.I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do2. Only + 狀語（副詞 / 介詞短語 / 狀語從句），位于句首 , 要部分倒裝。Only by t

11、his means is it possible to explain it. (介詞短語 );.Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副詞 )Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (從句)注意： 在 only 狀語從句主句結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句倒裝，但從句用正常語序。only修飾主語，不倒裝。3. so或 so 引導(dǎo)的短語放在句首, 前半部分倒裝。I saw the film, so did she.So loudly did h

12、e speak that even people in the next room could hear him.1) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did CharlieB. Charlie did soC. Charlie does soD. did Charlie so2) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyoneB. did she speak; everyone couldC. she spoke; could

13、everyoneD. she spoke; everyone could4. "Not only +分句 ,but also +分句 " 句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝。但 not only.but also.連接主語時 , 不倒裝。如: Not only the mother but also the children are sick.如： _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.A. Not was only heB. Not only heC. Not only was heD. Not only was5、 as/ th

14、ough (雖然，盡管）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。句式：名詞形容詞副詞動詞 分詞 +asthough+ 主語 +其他如:Although I am ugly, I am gentle.Ugly as I am, I am gentle.Though he is a child, he has to make a living.Child as he is, he has to make a living.注意：從句的表語是名詞，其名詞前不加任何冠詞6. 用于 So/neither (nor) + be ( have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞) +主語 +其他的句子表示兩人的同樣一個情況時，只能表示一件事，即

15、上、下句所使用的動詞、時態(tài)要一致。否則要用 so it is with/It is the same withHe has been to Beijing. So have I.Tom can t answer the question. Neither /Nor can I .So +be/ 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 +主語某人也是如此Nor/neither +be/助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 +主語某人也不是如此So + 主語 +be/ 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞某人確實(shí)如此如： I have never been to Guangzhou University,neither/ nor has he.;

16、.我從來沒有去過廣州大學(xué)，他也是7. 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有 were, had, should 等詞，可將 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。（ 1） If I were you, I would work hard. Were I you, I would work hard.（ 2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting注意：我們可以說Were itn

17、ot.或者 Had itnot been.,但不可以說Weren t it.或者 hadn t it been.8. 句首是表頻率的副詞及短語（often,well,many a time,now and again,once a week,now and then, every other day等)開頭的句子中, 要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如: Many a time has John given me good advice. Often have we made that test.題： Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy wentB. went t

18、he boyC. did the boy goD. did go the boy9, 在某些表示祝愿的句型中如： May you all be happy.Long live China!巧記倒裝句在帶有倒裝句的復(fù)合句（或并列句） 中，到底應(yīng)在何處倒裝， 下面的順口溜可以幫助你較容易地掌握其結(jié)構(gòu)形式。NB 前倒后不，O ， NU主倒從不倒，2N 前倒后也倒，NM 前后均不倒。 NB代表 Not only ， but also 引導(dǎo)的并列句。not only位于句首時，所引導(dǎo)的前面的分句倒裝，后面的分句不倒裝。故此稱為“前倒后不倒”。如： 1） Not only did he come，but also he was very happy2）Not