1、浙 江 * * 學(xué) 院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：路燈控制器的設(shè)計(jì)姓 名 :系 別、 專 業(yè) : 導(dǎo) 師 姓 名、職 稱 : 完 成 時(shí) 間 : 目 錄引言一 方案論證 1.1引入路燈控制器的原理1.2光敏電阻調(diào)光電路 1.3光敏電阻式光控開(kāi)關(guān)二 電路原理圖設(shè)計(jì) 三 路燈控制器的硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1路燈控制器的設(shè)計(jì)3.2器件的選擇3.3電路的分析四 畫出電路原理圖五 總結(jié)與體會(huì) 六 參考文獻(xiàn) 摘 要本實(shí)驗(yàn)的路燈控制器是由光敏元件，放大器，繼電器，受控?zé)艉碗娫措娐方M成，運(yùn)用到了模擬電子技術(shù)中的多級(jí)放大電路。主要用于安裝在公共場(chǎng)所或道路兩旁的路燈通常希望隨日照光亮度的變化而自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟和關(guān)斷，既滿足行人的需要，

2、又能節(jié)電。一些芯片和元器件的功能及其應(yīng)用，以達(dá)到將理論知識(shí)學(xué)以致用、融會(huì)貫通的目的。關(guān)鍵詞：繼電器；光敏元件；關(guān)照變化；控制· 如圖所示是一個(gè)采用雙向晶閘管制作的光控路燈電路，且它也采用二線制接法，所以安裝比較簡(jiǎn)便。白天，光敏電阻器RL因受自然光線照射，RL呈現(xiàn)低電阻，它與R1分壓后，獲得的電壓低于雙向觸發(fā)二極管VDH的折轉(zhuǎn)電壓，故雙向晶閘管VTH阻斷，電燈E不亮。當(dāng)夜幕來(lái)臨時(shí)，RL上分得電壓逐漸升高，當(dāng)高于VDH的折轉(zhuǎn)電壓。1 方案論證隨著能源問(wèn)題越來(lái)越引起人們的重視，節(jié)能已經(jīng)成為生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中不可忽視的一方面，路燈控制器主要用于安裝在公共場(chǎng)所或道路兩旁的路燈通常希望隨日照光亮度的變化

3、而自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟和關(guān)斷，既滿足行人的需要，更重要的是它能節(jié)電。了解常用路燈控制的各種方法，及各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，通過(guò)相互的比較，確定設(shè)計(jì)方案，并對(duì)所用傳感器進(jìn)行選型，同時(shí)加以電路的設(shè)計(jì)與分析，完成設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。下面的兩個(gè)小節(jié)分別對(duì)路燈控制器的原理，路燈控制器中用到的主要元件以及在電路中的作用分析。1.1引入路燈控制器的原理此路燈控制器主要由光敏元件，放大器，繼電器，受控?zé)艉碗娫措娐方M成。繼電器是一種當(dāng)輸入量（電、磁、聲、光、熱）達(dá)到一定值時(shí)，輸出量將發(fā)生跳躍式變化的自動(dòng)控制器件。在這個(gè)電路中隨著光照的變化，繼電器會(huì)相應(yīng)的吸合或者斷開(kāi)，即決定路燈工作與否。白天，光照強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)，光敏電阻R2呈現(xiàn)低阻狀態(tài)，VT1基極電

4、位降低，VT1和VT2處于截止?fàn)顟B(tài)，繼電器K不吸合，燈L不亮。當(dāng)夜幕降臨時(shí)，光照強(qiáng)度弱光敏電阻R2阻值逐漸變大，VT1基極電阻上升，當(dāng)上升到一定程度后，VT1導(dǎo)通，VT2隨之導(dǎo)通，繼電器K吸合，燈L點(diǎn)亮。1.2光敏電阻調(diào)光電路當(dāng)周圍光線變?nèi)鯐r(shí)引起光敏電阻的阻值增加，使加在電容上的電壓上升，達(dá)到增大照明燈兩端電壓的目的。反之，若周圍的光線變亮，則光敏電阻阻值下降，照明燈兩端電壓也同時(shí)下降，使燈光變暗，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)燈光亮度的控制。圖1 光敏電阻調(diào)光路1.3光敏電阻式光控開(kāi)關(guān)以光敏電阻為核心元件的帶繼電器控制輸出的光控開(kāi)關(guān)電路有許多形式，在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中我用了簡(jiǎn)單的繼電器開(kāi)關(guān)電路。其工作原理是：光照下降到設(shè)

5、置值時(shí)由于光敏電阻阻值上升激發(fā)導(dǎo)通，激勵(lì)電流使繼電器工作，常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)閉合，常閉觸點(diǎn)段開(kāi)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)外電路的控制。圖2 光敏電阻式光控開(kāi)關(guān)電路2 電路原理圖設(shè)計(jì)如下圖設(shè)計(jì)的路燈控制器電路原理圖，使此路燈控制器白天，光敏電阻R2呈現(xiàn)低阻狀態(tài)，VT1基極電位降低，VT1和VT2處于截止?fàn)顟B(tài)，繼電器K不吸合，燈L不亮。當(dāng)夜幕降臨時(shí)，R2阻值逐漸變大，VT1基極電阻上升，當(dāng)上升到一定程度后，VT1導(dǎo)通，VT2隨之導(dǎo)通，繼電器K吸合，燈L點(diǎn)亮。圖3 電路原理圖3 路燈控制器的硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1路燈控制器的設(shè)計(jì)路燈控制器主要由光敏元件，放大器，繼電器，受控?zé)艉碗娫措娐方M成。白天，光照強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)，光敏電阻R2呈現(xiàn)低阻狀態(tài)，

6、VT1基極電位降低，VT1和VT2處于截止?fàn)顟B(tài)，繼電器K不吸合，燈L不亮。當(dāng)夜幕降臨時(shí)，光照強(qiáng)度弱光敏電阻R2阻值逐漸變大，VT1基極電阻上升，當(dāng)上升到一定程度后，VT1導(dǎo)通，VT2隨之導(dǎo)通，繼電器K吸合，燈L點(diǎn)亮。電路圖如下：圖4 路燈控制器設(shè)計(jì)電路在這里繼電器是一個(gè)主要的元件，繼電器是一種當(dāng)輸入量（電、磁、聲、光、熱）達(dá)到一定值時(shí)，輸出量將發(fā)生跳躍式變化的自動(dòng)控制器件。繼電器的輸入信號(hào)x從零連續(xù)增加達(dá)到銜鐵開(kāi)始吸合時(shí)的動(dòng)作值xx,繼電器的輸出信號(hào)立刻從y=0跳躍到y(tǒng)=ym,即常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)從斷到通。一旦觸點(diǎn)閉合，輸入量x繼續(xù)增大，輸出信號(hào)y將不再起變化。當(dāng)輸入量x從某一大于xx值下降到xf,繼電

7、器開(kāi)始釋放，常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)斷開(kāi)。我們把繼電器的這種特性叫做繼電特性，也叫繼電器的輸入輸出特性。釋放值xf與動(dòng)作值xx的比值叫做反饋系數(shù)，即 Kf= xf /xx 觸點(diǎn)上輸出的控制功率Pc與線圈吸收的最小功率P0之比叫做繼電器的控制系數(shù)，即Kc=PC/P0。圖5 繼電器的輸入輸出特性3.2器件的選擇IC7812電子產(chǎn)品中常見(jiàn)到的三端穩(wěn)壓集成電路有正電壓輸出的78××系列和負(fù)電壓輸出的79××系列。故名思義，三端IC是指這種穩(wěn)壓用的集成電路只有三條引腳輸出，分別是輸入端、接地端和輸出端。它的樣子象是普通的三極管，TO-220的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)封裝，也有9013樣子的TO-92

8、封裝。 用78/79系列三端穩(wěn)壓IC來(lái)組成穩(wěn)壓電源所需的外圍元件極少，電路內(nèi)部還有過(guò)流、過(guò)熱及調(diào)整管的保護(hù)電路，使用起來(lái)可靠、方便，而且價(jià)格便宜。次此實(shí)踐我采用IC7812穩(wěn)壓芯片。值得注意的是：注意三端集成穩(wěn)壓電路的輸入、輸出和接地端絕不能接錯(cuò)，不然容易燒壞。一般三端集成穩(wěn)壓電路的最小輸入、輸出電壓差約為2V，否則不能輸出穩(wěn)定的電壓，一般應(yīng)使電壓差保持在4-5V，即經(jīng)變壓器變壓，二極管整流，電容器濾波后的電壓應(yīng)比穩(wěn)壓值高一些。N4002幾乎在所有的電子電路中，都要用到半導(dǎo)體二極管，它在許多的電路中起著重要的作用，它是誕生最早的半導(dǎo)體器件之一，其應(yīng)用也非常廣泛。二極管種類有很多，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)所用的

9、二極管組就是其中的整流二極管。二極管按照所用的半導(dǎo)體材料，可分為鍺二極管（Ge管）和硅二極管（Si管）。根據(jù)其不同用途，可分為檢波二極管、整流二極管、穩(wěn)壓二極管、開(kāi)關(guān)二極管等。按照管芯結(jié)構(gòu)，又可分為點(diǎn)接觸型二極管、面接觸型二極管及平面型二極管。在此綜合實(shí)踐中，我用的是整流二極管。1N4002是一種整流二極管，它是利用二極管單向?qū)щ娦裕梢园逊较蚪惶孀兓慕涣麟娮儞Q成單一方向的脈動(dòng)直流電。發(fā)光二極管（LED）是用半導(dǎo)體材料制作的正向偏置的PN結(jié)二極管。其發(fā)光機(jī)理是當(dāng)在PN結(jié)兩端注入正向電流時(shí)，注入的非平衡載流子（電子空穴對(duì)）在擴(kuò)散過(guò)程中復(fù)合發(fā)光，這種發(fā)射過(guò)程主要對(duì)應(yīng)光的自發(fā)發(fā)射過(guò)程。按光輸出的位

10、置不同，發(fā)光二極管可分為面發(fā)射型和邊發(fā)射型。我們最常用的LED是 InGaAsP/InP雙異質(zhì)結(jié)邊發(fā)光二極管。 發(fā)光二極管發(fā)光二極管的發(fā)光原理同樣可以用PN結(jié)的能帶結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)解釋。制作半導(dǎo)體發(fā)光二極管的材料是重?fù)诫s的，熱平衡狀態(tài)下的N區(qū)有很多遷移率很高的電子，P區(qū)有較多的遷移率較低的空穴。由于PN結(jié)阻擋層的限制，在常態(tài)下，二者不能發(fā)生自然復(fù)合。，而當(dāng)給PN結(jié)加以正向電壓時(shí)，溝區(qū)導(dǎo)帶中的電子則可逃過(guò)PN結(jié)的勢(shì)壘進(jìn)入到P區(qū)一側(cè)。于是在PN結(jié)附近稍偏于P區(qū)一邊的地方，處于高能態(tài)的電子與空穴相遇時(shí)，便產(chǎn)生發(fā)光復(fù)合。這種發(fā)光復(fù)合所發(fā)出的光屬于自發(fā)輻射，輻射光的波長(zhǎng)決定于材料的禁帶寬度Eg。發(fā)光二極管具有可靠

11、性較高，室溫下連續(xù)工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、光功率電流線性度好等顯著優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且由于此項(xiàng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展得比較成熟，所以其價(jià)格非常便宜。因此在一些簡(jiǎn)易的光纖傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)中，如果LED能夠勝任，選用它作為光源即可大大降低整個(gè)傳感器的成本。然而LED的發(fā)光機(jī)理決定了它存在著很多的不足，如輸出功率小、發(fā)射角大、譜線寬、響應(yīng)速度低等。因此，在一些需要功率高、調(diào)制速率快、單色性好的光源的傳感器設(shè)計(jì)中，就不得不以提高成本為代價(jià)，選用其它更高性能的光源。光敏電阻由光敏電阻的工作原理是基于內(nèi)光電效應(yīng)。在半導(dǎo)體光敏材料兩端裝上電極引線，將其封裝在帶有透明窗的管殼里就構(gòu)成光敏電阻如圖所示。為了增加靈敏度，兩電極常做成梳狀。構(gòu)成光敏電

12、阻的材料有金屬的硫化物、硒化物、碲化物等半導(dǎo)體。   半導(dǎo)體的導(dǎo)電能力取決于半導(dǎo)體導(dǎo)帶內(nèi)載流子數(shù)目的多少。當(dāng)光敏電阻受到光照時(shí)，價(jià)帶中的電子吸收光子能量后躍遷到導(dǎo)帶，成為自由電子，同時(shí)產(chǎn)生空穴，電子空穴對(duì)的出現(xiàn)使電阻率變小。光照愈強(qiáng)，光生電子空穴對(duì)就越多，阻值就愈低。當(dāng)光敏電阻兩端加上電壓后，流過(guò)光敏電阻的電流隨光照增大而增大。入射光消失，電子-空穴對(duì)逐漸復(fù)合，電阻也逐漸恢復(fù)原值，電流也逐漸減小。3.3電路的分析。 利用光照強(qiáng)度為傳感器，目前最為常用且性價(jià)比較高的就是光敏電阻，利用其光線較強(qiáng)時(shí)，電阻值較低，而光線較暗時(shí)則電阻較大的特點(diǎn)，利用電橋，可將光線信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)，再通過(guò)電壓比

13、較器等方式，可以有效地完成控制需要。這類設(shè)計(jì)中，只要能將光線信號(hào)取出，整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)也便完成了大半，至于控制部分的設(shè)計(jì)，可采用繼電器輸出，這樣就算驅(qū)動(dòng)較大的路燈負(fù)載，只需再加接觸器便可完成。在本系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)中，如何提高系統(tǒng)在光線臨界狀態(tài)的穩(wěn)定性，是設(shè)計(jì)的難點(diǎn)所在。由于光敏電阻的電阻值變化是連續(xù)的，因此在靠近臨界點(diǎn)時(shí)，容易造成不穩(wěn)定，在設(shè)計(jì)中若能用運(yùn)放電路來(lái)完成處理，則可將運(yùn)放接成電壓比較器的方式，這樣可以完成較為精確的起控；若采用分立元件來(lái)處理，可以采用穩(wěn)壓管來(lái)穩(wěn)定工作點(diǎn)，只有當(dāng)分壓大于穩(wěn)壓管的擊穿電壓時(shí)，電路才能起控。聲光控路燈控制器可以自動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)白天光線較暗和晚上遇到聲響時(shí)，路燈自動(dòng)點(diǎn)亮，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)人

14、來(lái)燈亮，人走燈滅，既方便又實(shí)用。不僅節(jié)約了電能，而且能延長(zhǎng)燈泡使用壽命。可廣泛應(yīng)用于樓梯，走廊，衛(wèi)生間及生活小區(qū)等公共場(chǎng)所的照明控制。此控制器經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用，即使一般的腳步聲也能出燈泡發(fā)光照明好。四 畫出電路原理圖晶閘管路燈自動(dòng)限壓保護(hù)電路元器件列表元件名稱元件參數(shù)R15.6KR22KR31.2KR40.1KR515KR62KR72KR81.5KR91.5KC1200UF 50VC20.47UF 63VRP16.8KRP21K五.總結(jié)與體會(huì) 當(dāng)今中國(guó)的老百姓越來(lái)越重視節(jié)約能源，這個(gè)電路就是為了節(jié)約更多的能源設(shè)計(jì)的。我國(guó)是一個(gè)資源大國(guó)，但最近這些年因?yàn)檫^(guò)度重視經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)，在創(chuàng)造了許多財(cái)富的同時(shí)也消耗了很

15、多能源。比如近些年來(lái)，每到夏天到來(lái)，就會(huì)有許多能源高峰期，政府也會(huì)采取一些相應(yīng)措施限制人們用電。如果路燈控制器安裝在公共場(chǎng)所或道路兩旁的路燈通常希望隨日照光亮度的變化而自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟和關(guān)斷，既滿足行人的需要，又能節(jié)電。通過(guò)本次實(shí)驗(yàn)，使我明白了路燈控制器的工作原理。即當(dāng)光照強(qiáng)度達(dá)到一定強(qiáng)度路燈控制器會(huì)相應(yīng)的開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉。達(dá)到了節(jié)能的目的，減少了不必要的浪費(fèi)。在實(shí)際實(shí)踐的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)也有需要改進(jìn)的地方，如：如何提高系統(tǒng)在光線臨界狀態(tài)的穩(wěn)定性，是設(shè)計(jì)的難點(diǎn)所在。由于光敏電阻的電阻值變化是連續(xù)的，因此在靠近臨界點(diǎn)時(shí)，容易造成不穩(wěn)定，在設(shè)計(jì)中若能用運(yùn)放電路來(lái)完成處理，則可將運(yùn)放接成電壓比較器的方式，這樣可以完

16、成較為精確的起控；若采用分立元件來(lái)處理，可以采用穩(wěn)壓管來(lái)穩(wěn)定工作點(diǎn)，只有當(dāng)分壓大于穩(wěn)壓管的擊穿電壓時(shí)，電路才能起控。這樣就解決了光照強(qiáng)度在靠近臨界點(diǎn)是路燈控制器工作的。六.參考文獻(xiàn)1電力電子變流技術(shù) 王廷才編 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社2晶閘管變流技術(shù)應(yīng)用圖集 王文郁編 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社3電力電子變流技術(shù) 曾芳編 西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社 4電類專業(yè)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo) 張華編 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版 5電力電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用電路 王文郁編 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employer

17、s and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisation

18、s listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a cl

19、aim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appealed against the discip

20、linary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the

21、 event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where

22、 you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best

23、 to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of)

24、 air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have

25、asked to meet Ya ya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during C

26、ity's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found

27、 no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has b

28、een very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺(jué)得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫

29、點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior hig

30、h school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be

31、 in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年時(shí)，覺(jué)得壓歲錢和

32、新衣服是過(guò)年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to res

33、olutely, have to do, and time.原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardic

34、e, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的

35、怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship

36、; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news

37、: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the tropo

38、sphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the trop

39、opause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we w

40、ant, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活發(fā)生不幸時(shí)，我們常常會(huì)關(guān)上心門；世界不僅沒(méi)能慰藉我們，反倒使我們更加消沉。我們假裝一切仿佛都不曾發(fā)生，以此試圖忘卻傷痛，可就算隱藏得再好，最終也還是騙不了自己。既然如此，何不嘗試打開(kāi)心門，擁抱生活中的各種可能，讓世界感化我們呢？Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousne

41、ss get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.當(dāng)恐懼與焦慮來(lái)襲時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六個(gè)方法有助于你更完滿透徹地敞開(kāi)心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of runni

42、ng away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.當(dāng)生活中

43、出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時(shí)，別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦，試著擁抱它吧；當(dāng)悲傷來(lái)襲時(shí)，試著深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我們一味逃避生活中的悲傷，悲傷只會(huì)變得更強(qiáng)烈更真實(shí)悲傷原本只是稍縱即逝的情緒，我們卻固執(zhí)地耿耿于懷By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能減緩我們的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滯

44、；呼出呼吸，更多新奇與經(jīng)歷又將拉開(kāi)序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.

45、我們都經(jīng)歷過(guò)焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受過(guò)恐懼造成的生理反應(yīng)：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻騰。其實(shí)，我們有能力面對(duì)這些痛苦的感受，從中領(lǐng)悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of b

46、eing truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我們的第一反應(yīng)總是逃避以為否認(rèn)不安情緒的存在就能萬(wàn)事大吉，可這也恰好妨礙了我們經(jīng)歷最需要的生活體驗(yàn)。下次感到不安時(shí)，不管有多害怕，也請(qǐng)?jiān)囍赂颐鎸?duì)吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants傾聽(tīng)內(nèi)心Were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process?