1、123GrammarWhat kind of noun clauses they are?1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. 主語從句主語從句 2. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly. 賓語從句賓語從句 43. 6. The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future. 表語從句表語從句4. We cannot be sur

2、e whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful that. 賓語從句賓語從句55. He told me the news, believe it or not, that he had earned $1000 in a single day.同位語從句同位語從句6語序問題語序問題關聯詞的區分關聯詞的區分拓展拓展鞏固鞏固 練習練習種類種類7種類主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句81.The photographs will show you _. A. what does

3、 our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited語序問題語序問題9 3.He asked _ for a violin. A. did

4、I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 4. I couldnt understand _ with me. A. the matter was what B. what the matter was C. what was the matter D. that was the matter結論：結論：名詞性從句應選用名詞性從句應選用陳述句陳述句語序。語序。10關聯詞11 名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句的連接詞一、主語從句（一般位于句首）一、主語從句（一般位于句首）1.連詞 that (

5、無詞義,不作成分,不能省略); whether(是否),不用if. That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意: : 已確定的事由已確定的事由 that that 引導引導; ; 沒決定的事由沒決定的事由 whether whether 引導引導. . 123.連接副詞連接副詞when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many /

6、much 等等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 連接代詞連接代詞 what, whatever, who（m）, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等等.What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.131._ I cant understand is wh

7、y he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.歸納：WhatThat連詞連詞_在從句中不作成分，在從句中不作成分，不含有疑問意義，而不含有疑問意義，而_在從在從句中作成分，常含有疑問意義。句中作成分，常含有疑問意義。thatwhat14_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.

8、What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What;what B. What ;that C. That;that D. That;what 151.主語從句通常被看作一個整體主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用主句的謂語動詞用 單數形式單數形式. That they will come is certain.That they will come is certain.2.由由who, whoever引導的主語從句，主句謂語動詞引導的主語從句，主句謂語動

9、詞的單復數要視從句中的單復數而定的單復數要視從句中的單復數而定. Whoever say that are to be punished.Whoever say that are to be punished. Who he is doesnt concern me. Who he is doesnt concern me.3.What 引導主語從句時引導主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復數由表主句謂語動詞的單復數由表語的單復數決定語的單復數決定. What he wants are these books.What he wants are these books. What he wants

10、is some water. What he wants is some water.主語從句的主謂一致16二二. . 賓語從句賓語從句1. 由連詞that 引導, （vt.后的）that 常可省略。 We believe (that) he is honest. I told him (that) I would come back soon.注：多個并列的賓語從句，只有第一個賓從的 that可省； 有插入語時不能省略that. He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another

11、 one. We decided, in view of（考慮到） his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary (試用的) period.17 當that 引導的從句作復合賓語的第一個 成分時，需用先行詞it 作形式賓語，把從句放到句末，that 不能省略。We consider it possible that he is ill.I feel it a pity that she cant come.I heard it said that he had gone to Australia.He

12、 made it clear that he objected to the plan.182. 2. 由由wh-wh-疑問詞引導。疑問詞引導。 We fully understood what he meant. Go and ask why he was late yesterday. Please tell me which is mine. I asked how he was getting on. We will choose whoever is fit. Whatever he does he does well. He asked me whether or not I wa

13、s busy.191. 1. 介詞后的賓語從句介詞后的賓語從句. . Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.2. whetheror not的賓語從句的賓語從句. . I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 3. 復合不定式只能用復合不定式只能用whether. . Tell us whether to go or stay here. 但但: : 賓語從句否定時常用賓語從句否定時常用if引導引導. . He asked if you would not go and see him

14、.whether 與與if 有時可以換用，但下列情有時可以換用，但下列情況只能用況只能用whether. .20 1）、主語從句置于句首Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 2）、表語從句My main problem right now is whether I should ask for an other loan（貸款）. 3）、同位語從句Answer my question whether you are coming.4.另附另附：(只用whether 不用if)211. I dont know _ Ill be fre

15、e tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6.The manager asked me the question _ I would like to be his secretary.7._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go

16、without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 用if 或whether 填空whether22 三三. 表語從句表語從句表語從句的引導詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同. （that引導無意義，不充當成分，不能省;wh-等連接副詞引導，根據句意判斷）但:1. that引導表語從句時不能省. 2. if不能引導表語從句. 3. seem, appear后可接that引導的從句, 而 look則不可. 這三個詞后都可用as if / as though 引導從句. It seems / appears that he was late for t

17、he train yesterday. It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.23The news that our team has won the match is true.His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 四四. 同位語從句同位語從句（ that引導，無意義，不充當成分；引導，無意義，不充當成分；wh-等連接副詞引導等連接副詞引導 根據句意判斷。）根據句意判斷。） 同位語從句一般跟在名詞同位語從句一般跟在名詞fact

18、,news, fact,news, promise,truth,belief,thought,idea, promise,truth,belief,thought,idea, answer,information,knowledge,doubtanswer,information,knowledge,doubthope,law,opinion,plan,suggestionhope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后后面面, , 用以說明或解釋前面的名詞用以說明或解釋前面的名詞. .24注注: 1. 1. that 引導同位語從句與引導同位語從句與that 引導定語引導定

19、語從句的區別從句的區別: 引導同位語從句的引導同位語從句的that 無實際意無實際意義義, 不作從句的任何成分不作從句的任何成分, 而引導定語從句的而引導定語從句的that 是從句中的某個成分從句中的某個成分.He told me the news that our team won the match.He told me the news that was very exciting.2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引導同位語引導同位語從句從句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he

20、did it.I have no idea what he did.25wh-ever 與與no matter wh- 引導引導名詞性從句與讓步狀語從句名詞性從句與讓步狀語從句的比較的比較（Who/what 表具體的概念或表特指；表具體的概念或表特指；而而whoever與與whatever表示的是籠統表示的是籠統的概念或泛指）的概念或泛指）拓展拓展261.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 2.These wild flo

21、wers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 4. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Wh

22、oever D. Who 27填空填空: The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often liedreason 后面的后面的表語表語從句通常用從句通常用that引導引導, 不能不能用用why 引導引導, 但但reason后面的后面的定語定語從句可以用從句可以用why 或者或者that 引導。引導。28 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用 a.）在動詞insist，urge，order，command，request，require，demand，desire，suggest，advise，propose，recommen

23、d等后面的賓語從句中。 b.)在名詞order，command，request，requirement，demand，desire，suggestion，advice，proposal，recommendation等后面的表語從句或同位語從句中。 這類名詞性從句中的謂語動詞都用這類名詞性從句中的謂語動詞都用(should)+do29 eg: I suggest that we (should) go shopping. My suggestion is that we (should) go shopping. I put forward suggestion that we (should)

24、 go shopping.301.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat that Cthat Dwhether 313.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember _. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 4.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething Danything 325.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill