1、order, dynasty, professor,generation, require, scary,poem, poet, confident,Unit1一、重要單詞：contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, run(m

2、anage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.二 .詞組： 1. a time of hard work 努力工作的時代3. （be） at ease with（與某人在一起）自由自在2. low-rise buildings4. dream school life5. have no experience in doing沒有一 的經驗7. attend assembly / a meeting 參加集會、會議9. earn respect from贏得一的尊敬11. sound like (a good idea) 聽起來好像13. used

3、to do過去常常(現在不這樣了)6. be happy with8. the best way to do低矮的建筑理想的校園生活對很高興、滿意 做的最好方法15. spend (in) doing/onfc土花費,一16. at lunchtime 在午餐時間18. on Monday evenings 在星期一晚上20. on school field/in the field of在操場上、21. get a general idea of掌握一的大意23. encourage to do 鼓勵做一25. first of all 首先27. surf the internet29.

4、have chances to do31. far away (from33. on campus35. graduate from上網有機會做,遠離校園里畢業于10. achieve high grades 取得好的成績、高分12. on average 平均14. a bit challenging 有點挑戰性(時間、金錢)17. for free 免費的19. such as/for example比如、例如在一領域22. word by word 逐字逐句地24. would like to do 想、要做一26. introduce t響介紹28. prepare to do 準備做

5、30. (be) available (for32. make sure that/of34. during break time36. develop an interest in doing可利用的確信、弄清楚在休息時間培養（方面）的興趣s kindness勺仁慈、善良做關于的演講39. in this case在這種情況下37. thank for one '38. make a speech about/on41. instead of 代替、而不是43. in short form 以簡短的形式45. regret to do (say/tell)遺憾、抱歉地說、告知47.

6、be responsible for對負責40. leave out 省略42. pay attention to 注意44. compare and 比較46. make preparations for為做些準備48. do research on 做研究三、重點詞組：refer to 指，function as 當作使用，具有的功能，leave out 省略， relate to和相關,pay attention to 注意，in short form用宿略的形式，take place 發生 , makedecisions 作決定 , makecomparison 作比較 , take

7、turns 輪流,follow the outline 按照綱要,be responsible for對負責,consistof 包含,由構成,come up with 想出,base on 根據,have it approved by 征得的同意，inform sb of sth 告知，sign up 簽名參加.【難點講解】1. 考點出處：Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyableand exciting experience for me. （P2）考點提煉：動名詞作主語，表示一般或抽象的多次行為, 謂語

8、用 單數 。Studying English is very important.學英語很重要。考點串聯：動名詞作主語時，常用以下的結構：It s no use / no good / a wasteof time doing sth. 。如： It s no use crying for what has been done. 為已做過的事 哭泣是于事無補的。考點例析：Fishing is his favourite hobby, and .（ 2001 上海）A. he d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting c

9、oins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure動詞 V-ing 形式做主語往往表示一般或抽象的多次行為，不定式做主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。考點糾錯：吸煙是一個很難克服的習慣。誤： To smoke is a very difficult habit to give up.正： Smoking is a very difficult habit to give up.2. 考點出處：This means I could get up an ho

10、ur later than usual as schools in Chinabegin before 8 a.m. （ P2）考點提煉：mean的用法。考點梳理：mean用做動詞，表示“指的是，意思是，意味著“，后常接 V-ing或that引導的從句；當表示“想要，打算”時，后常接動詞不定式，相當于 want to do sth. 。Missing this bus means waiting for the next one.I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。考點例析： You should have thanked her before you left I m

11、eant , but when I was leaving I couldn t find her anywhere. （ 2000上海春季）A. to doB. toC.doingD. doing so解析：mean作為“打算，想要”，后接動詞不定式。另外，本題還考查動詞不定式的 省略結構。考點糾錯：你那樣說是什么意思？誤： What do you mean to say that? 正： What do you mean by saying that你那樣做是什么意思？考點提醒：What do you mean by doing sth.?it was difficult3. 考點出處：W

12、e also had different students in some classes, soto remember all the faces and names. （P2）考點提煉：句中 it 是形式主語。考點梳理：用it 作形式主語，it 代替不定式、主語從句等。It s nice to be with you. 和你在一起真好。It s important that we study English. 我們學習英語是重要的。考點串聯：it 可指代 if 或 when 從句的內容。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of

13、 food.我討厭人們滿嘴含著食物說話。考點例析：The Foreign Minister said, “ our hope that the two sideswill work towards peace. ” （2004 北京）A. This isB. There isC. That isD.It is解析： 當句子中的主語是動詞不定式或從句時，通常將it 用做形式主語放在句首而把真正的主語不定式或從句放在后面。考點糾錯：完成那項工作費了我們兩天的時間。誤： That took us two days to finish that work.正： It took us two days

14、to finish that work.考點提醒：英語中只有it 可作形式主語或形式賓語。4. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father s bo okcasesinstead.除此之外，我也許會只顧看你爸爸書櫥里的書，而不是去做作業。She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.她將會忙著看報紙雜志而不是做作業。“ might be reading ”， “ will be reading ”屬于“情態動詞 be+doing”

15、 的結構，表示對某個時間正在發生的事情的預言、推測或期待。例如：I shall be lying in bed and watching myfvourite football gameby the time he finishes hishomework. 等他做完家庭作業時，我早就會躺在床上看我喜愛的足球比賽了。“ instead ， instead of +名詞（詞組）/代詞（詞組）/doing ”都表示“代替，而不是. ”5. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.“The+比較級（adj/

16、adv ）或含比較級的詞組，the+另一個比較級（adj/adv ） 或含比較級的詞組”,表示“越就越。“比較級+比較級”，表示“越來 越” She is more and more beautiful.4. make常見的動賓搭配：make tea/coffee 沏茶、沖咖啡，make friends 交 朋友 , make mistakes 犯錯誤 , make trouble 惹麻煩 , make a suggestion 提 建議 , make a fire 生火 , make faces 做鬼臉 , make a decision 做決定 , make comparasions 作比

17、較，make a living 謀生，make money爭錢, makea request 提要求 , make an application 申請。【語法】定語從句一.定義1 .定語從句：修飾某一句中的名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。2 .關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞稱為關系詞The man who lives next to us is a policeman.一先行詞關系代詞定語從句關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；關系副詞有 where, when, why

18、 等。關系詞常有3個作用：1,引導定語從句。2,代替先行詞。3,在定語從句中擔當一 個成分。二.關系代詞引導的定語從句1. who指人，在從句中做主語The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which

19、指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當于 who或者whom指物時，相當于 which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each yearrises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I

20、 saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.三.介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從

21、句1 .關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞which/whom引導The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.2 .關系代詞前的介詞的選擇Don' t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraidof害怕)look for, look after, take c注意：1.含有介詞的固定動詞短語

22、一般不拆開使用，如:are of 等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)2. “介詞 + 關系代詞”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many a

23、pples, some of which have gone bad.四.關系副詞引導的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀gI still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀用Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原時狀造Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.注意：1.關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換When=at

24、inonduring which Where=atinto which Why=for which(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.2.當先行

25、詞為時間、地點、原因名詞時，如果在從句中不是作狀語時，不可用關系副詞引導。 (1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.(2)They make me think of the happy days (that/which) wespent together.(3)Is this factory the one (that/which) theyvisited the day before yesterday.五.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上不用

26、逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除 是對先行詞的補充說明刪除后意思仍完整譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語，“的”通常翻譯成主句的并列句限制性定語從句舉例:(1) The teacher told methat Tomwas the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which

27、was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意區分以下幾個句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always to college.他那當醫生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。(他還有其他的哥哥)(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當醫生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。(他只有一個哥哥)難點分析(一)定語從句中的幾個特殊的用法一)限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況

28、1 當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外 ),few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) All that can be done has been done.(3) There is little that I can do for you.2. 當先行詞被序數詞修飾The first

29、place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當先行詞被the very, the only , the same ,the last 修飾時This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,5. 當先行詞前面有who, which 等疑問代詞時(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt th

30、at fits me most?6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?二)注意 用 which 不用 that 的情況1. 在非限制性定語從句中(1)She made great progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise.2. 在介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句，必須用which.(1) This is the knife with which John hurt somebody.3. 當關系詞后面有插

31、入語時(1) Here is the ALD which, as I have told you , is a great help to you.三)在下列情況下，只許用關系代詞who,而不用that:1. 先行詞為those, one, ones, anyone, people 等時Those who are from Qingdao come this way.2. 當先行詞后有較長的后置定語時，或定語從句被分隔時。A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.3. 當先行詞是用-body 或 -one 構成的不定代詞時，關

32、系代詞多用whoIs there anybody else who should be invited.4. 當先行詞是集體名詞時，如果著眼于集體，使用that/which ；如果著眼于個體，則使用who(1)Our team, which took the second place last year, played better this year.(2)Our team, who are all under the age of twenty, will do well in the final match.(二)關系代詞as 和 which 引導的定語從句as 和 which 引導非限

33、制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1 As 和 which 都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子或句子的一部分。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句.另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思，后邊的謂語 動詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等； which 引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后, 意為“這一點”。(

34、1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) Hehas been to Paris more than several times, which I don t believe.注意 ：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made hi

35、s teacher angry.3. 當先行詞受such, the same 修飾時，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意 ：當先行次由the same 修飾時，偶爾也用that 引導定語從句，但是和由as 所引導的定語從句意思不同， 用 that 時表示先行詞與關系詞所指的是同一物體，而用as 則指的是相似但卻不是同一物。(4) She wore the

36、samedress that she wore at Mary s wedding. 她穿著她在MARY®禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。4. 當 as 在從句中作主語時，后面的謂語動詞常常使用被動語態，如果從句中是主動語態，一般多使用which(1) She has been late again, as was expected.(2) Tom great progress in Chinese, which made us delighted.(三)以t

37、he way 為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that 引導，而且通常可以省略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising 【同步練習】 一、 選擇填空：1. His parents wouldn t let him play with anyone scores was poor.A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose2. She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.A. i

38、tB. whichC. thisD. that3. In the dark street , there wasn t a single person she could gethelp.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom4. The day he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in thelunar calendar.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. who5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small

39、town he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when6. This monument is all remains of the ancient kingdom.A. itB. thatC. whenD. which7. He mentioned a book the tile of I can t remember now.A whoB whichC thisD what8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , was very reasonable.A. which price

40、C. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose9. has already been pointed out , grammaris not a set of dead rules.A. AsB. ItC. ThatD. Which10. He lived in London for 3 months , during time he learned someEnglish.A. thisB. whichC. thatD. same11. On the wall hangs a picture, color is blue.A. w

41、hoseB. of whichC. whichD. its12.I still remember the time I first became a college student.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. when13. Mr.Ford still talks like the manhe was ten years ago.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. there14.1 don t like you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way o

42、f which 二 . 閱讀理解In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help youstudy. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meetfair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, butwhen you are down, they will run away. Howd

43、o I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty andreliability.Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. Heis not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to l

44、earn from others. He puts himself in the other person s place, and he triesto think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a g