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1、英語初二上冊重點知識點講解Module 1 How to learn English1. advice(1)意思是“意見,建議”,為不可數名詞,可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of等修飾,不能說 an advice 或 many/a few advices。(2)表示“有關的建議”時,用介詞 on,接名詞、代詞或由疑問詞引導的不定式。e.g. Let' s ask for his advice on what to do next.常見搭配:take/follow one' s advice接受某人的建議ask for advice 征求意見拓
2、展: advise vt.建議常見搭配:advise sb. to do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老師建議我現在就離開。2. Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs withyour friends.每次你將會學習一些新東西。我也建議你和朋友們談論電影或歌曲。time的用法:(1) time指“時間"用作不可數名詞,前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty
3、 of等修飾。(2)當作“次數;倍數”講時, time是可數名詞。e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.(3) time構成的短語:at a time一次,每一次at one time曾經,一度at times /from time to time有時,偶爾 all the time總是,一直in time 及時,遲早 on time 準時(4) time構成的句型: It' s time for sb. to do sth./It ' s (high) time sb. did sth.該是某人干的時間了。e.g. It' s
4、time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡覺的時候了。It' s high time that we started.我們該出發了。 each time (每次),next time (下次),the first/last time (第一次 /最后一次的時候)等。e.g. The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.我上次到中國時,游覽了上海。3. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place the
5、m in your room.我建議你一天把四個或者五個單詞寫在紙上并且放在你的房間里。suggest,做動詞,表示“建議,提議”的意思,對應的名詞是 suggestion。suggest的用法:7uggect cthsuggest (oneFs doing sth.cuccrest that. eb. C should5 do fthI suggested his / him giving up the idea. 我建議他放棄那念頭。She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.Module 2
6、My home town and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它(劍橋)位于康河河畔,人口約為 12萬。population n.意思是“人口,居民”,它是一個集體名詞,常用單數形式。population常與定冠詞the連用,作主語用時,謂語動詞常用第三人稱單數形式。e.g. The world ' s population is increasing faster and faster.當主語是表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”時,謂語動詞用復數形式。e.g. Abo
7、ut seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中國大約有百分之七十的人口是農民。有時population可用作可數名詞,其前可用不定冠詞。e.g. China has a population of about 1.3 billion.中國大約有十三億人口。表示人口的"多"或"少",不用"much"或"little ",而要用"large"或"small”。e.g. India has a large populat
8、ion. 度人口眾多。詢問某國、某地有多少人口時,不用" How much.?",而用"How large.?”。在問具體 人口時用 “ What.? ”。e.gWhat is the population of Canada ? The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大約有二千九百萬。2. It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. 它 大約有750
9、萬人口,所以比劍橋更大更繁忙。(1) million是數詞,意思是"百萬"。它的用法如下: 當與具體數字連用時,習慣上用單數,而且也不后接介詞of。e.g. three million people 三百萬人當不與具體數字連用,而是表示不確定的泛指數時,則不僅要用復數,而且要后接介詞of,然后才能接名詞。e.g. A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.一個粗心的錯誤使公司蒙受數百鎊的損失。拓展:與 million有相同用法的數詞還有:hundred (百),thousand (千),billion (十
10、億)。學習形容詞的比較級的規則變化及用法。(1)規則變化:類別構成方法原級比較級單音節詞和少數雙一般直接加-erlong talllonger taller不發首的e結尾時加-rlate largelater larger輔首字母加y結尾時把y 變i,再加-ereasy happyeasier happier重讀閉音節結尾并且只有 一個輔音字母時,雙寫最 后的輔音字母,再加-erbig hotbigger hotter2 / 12(2)形容詞比較級用法表示兩者進行比較時用形容詞比較級,最明顯的提示詞是than,其結構為“ A+比較級+than+B ”。e.g.Li Lei ' s ro
11、om is bigger than mine.李雷的房間比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.這塊月餅比那塊好吃。有表示程度的副詞 a little, a bit, a few , a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any 等修飾 時,用形容詞比較級。e.g.I feel even worse now.我現在覺得更難受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。比較級前面可以加上表示具體數量差別的結構,表示具體“大多少”,“小多少”,“長多少”,“短多少”
12、等。e.g.I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.這棟樓房比那棟高20 米。表示“兩者之間最一個 (of the two)"時,常用"the+比較級”結構。e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary 是雙胞胎中的高個子。表示“越來越”,用比較級重疊結構,即“比較級+and+比較級”,多音節詞和部分雙音節詞時用"more and more+形容詞原級”。e.g.It' s getting w
13、armer and warmer in spring.春天天氣變得越來越暖和。Module 3 Sports進一步學習形容詞和副詞的比較級的規則變化和不規則變化 (1)規則變化:類別構成方法原級比較級多音節詞和部分雙音節 詞在原級前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautiful在原級前加lessimportant usefulless important less useful(2)不規則變化:原級比較級good/well (身體好的)bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittleessfarfarther(較遠) f
14、urther(進.步)oldolderelder(較年長的)(3)形容詞和副詞比較級用法 表示“越就越”時,用“the+比較級,the+比較級”結構。e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越高興。3 / 12Module 4 Planes, ships and trains學習形容詞和副詞的最高級的規則變化和不規則變化及其用法 (1)規則變化:類別構成方法原級最tWj級巾節詞和少數雙音 節詞一般直接加-estlong talllongest tallest不發首的e結尾時加-stlatelargelatest largest輔首字母加y結尾
15、時把y 變i,再加-esteasy happyeasiesthappiest重讀閉音節結尾并且只有 個輔音字母時,雙寫最 后的輔首字母,再加-estbig hotbiggest hottest“音節詞和部分雙音 ,詞在原級前加 mostcarefulbeautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原級前加leastimportant usefulleast important least useful(2)不規則變化:原級最tWj級good/well (身體好的)bestmany/muchmostbad/illworstlittleleastfarfarthest(更遠
16、的)furthest(最大程度)oldoldest/eldest(較的)(3)形容詞最高比較級用法表示三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時,用最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the,句末常跟一個in/of短語來表示范圍。e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三個男孩子中,他是最強壯的。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國最大的城市。 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物進行選擇時,用"Which/Who is+the+最高級,A , B or C?"結構。e.g.Which city
17、 is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou ?哪個城市最漂亮,北京,上海還是福州? 表示“最的之一”時,用“one of the+形容詞最高級”結構,該形容詞后面的名詞要用復數形式。e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰倫是最受歡迎的歌星之。 形容詞最高級前面可以加序數詞,表示“第幾最”。e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 長江是中國第一大長河。 形容詞最高級前面可以有物主代詞,指
18、示代詞,名詞所有格等修飾,但此時不能再用定冠詞the。e.g.This is our last lesson today.這是我們今天的最后節課。 形容詞比較級結構可以表示最高級含義。e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的學生。=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一個學生都高。=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的學生都高。Module
19、5 Lao She Teahouse重點知識講解1 offer 做動詞,意思是“提供;提議;提出”。常用的搭配: offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物給予某人e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那個年輕人在公共汽車上將自己的座位讓給了那位老人。 offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事e.g.She offered to lend me he
20、r bike.她提出將自行車借給我。2.Show show做及物動詞,意為“展示;顯示;給看" ,show后可接雙賓語。show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb. 給某人看或者展示某物e.g.Show me your pen, please. =Show your pen to me, please. 請讓我看一下你的鋼筆。Show your tickets, please. 請出示車票。此外,show還可用作名詞,意為“展覽;陳列;演出” ,常構成短語on show,意為“陳列,展覽” 。e.g. His pictures are on show now. 他的畫
21、現在正在展覽。難點知識講解:動詞不定式(I )( 1)動詞不定式的構成肯定形式:to+動詞原形否定形式:not to do( 2)動詞不定式作賓語的用法動詞不定式置于謂語動詞之后,作動詞的賓語,表明意圖、希望或決定的內容。常見的后面接“ to 十動詞原形”作賓語的動詞有:plan, decide, hope, want, would like , agree, offer,try, like, love 等。注意:某些及物動詞可用-ing 也可用動詞不定式作賓語,但意義不同的有: doing Hh 丹心' ilMSShe rem altered tuning off the light
22、s before she Left the rowa她記得離開房間前關了燈的.reniaTLbertod。sth記住要做莫考Remember to tum off the limits 'heftire she left 4he room,i記住離開房間前要關燈.命睡sih忘了像這差事I fcigtt writing to岫n裁忘了曾經洽他寫U1Sforgrt *論也蟲fli忘記耍做某事13 / 12Don11 forget io write la lum 別忘了笥言含他.doing的后1ft儆過某事I f egret art having accepted your advic 匕莪
23、后悔沒聽你的沏告.門審.也s!h抱戴J遺憾地要懶某事regret 忙 say i haven't given you enough hdpL就很遺憾地說我沒嫡你充分的幫踮.(Ddamg 5比試著做第1£tryThey tried taltag m English他fflHffl用英IS談話. ©to do電盡力儆Q< The do dore tned to save her Life.再生們彝力愴攸施的生命/(TMottg班停止貸星第S 笈腌 the teacher come into the classromn. the students stoppwi t
24、alking.I看到電師走進教室,學生外得止了講話.就印'OMdosth停下來做將Hcarmg somebody calling hia name. he stopped io IndkaroiBidl聽到有人叫他的名事,他停F來到處看.Module 6 Animals in danger1 .形容詞變成副詞的規律。一般在形容詞的詞尾加 -ly可以變成副詞。 例如:quick quickly, slow slowly, loud loudly, suddensuddenly 等。特殊情況:構成方法例子一些以“輔音字母+y”結尾的形容詞,要把 y改為 再加-ly。happyhappily
25、, angry angrily有些以-ble或-le結尾的形容詞,去掉 e加-y。possible possibly terrible terribly以-l結尾的形容詞變為副詞時仍然要在詞尾加-ly。careful carefully溫馨提示:副詞修飾行為動詞。如:He is very careful.He does everything carefully第一句中is是連系動詞,用形容詞 careful;第二句中修飾行為動詞does用副詞carefully。常考的形容詞和副詞辨析有:hard努力hardly幾乎不;late遲的,晚的lately近來;deep -deeply 深深地; ne
26、ar靠近nearly 差不多; wide -widely 廣泛地;free免費的freely自由地。典例剖析:Tom studies but his sister studies.A. hard, hard B. hardly, hardly C. hard, hardly D. hardly, hard答案:C解題技巧:此題第一個陷阱是hard和hardly的區別,通常我們會認為hard的副詞是hardly ,事實上 hard既是形容詞.又是副詞,而hardly是另外一個副詞.,中文是“幾乎不4. -ing形容詞和-ed形容詞的區別。-ing形容詞-ed形容詞例句interesting 有趣
27、的interested感興趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人興奮的excited感到興奮的Have you heard of the exciting news ? We are excited about the traveling.表示主動意義,多指事 物對人的影響,一般修 飾事物。表示被動意義,多指人 對事物的感受,主語一 般是人,常用于sb.+-ed 形容詞+介詞”結構。We are all interested in the interesting story.5.復習動詞不定式。作賓
28、語補足語:動詞不定式作賓補時,它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露絲要他關小收音機。注意:動詞不定式在使役動詞make, let和感官動詞see, watch, hear, feel等詞后作賓補時,常省 去不定式符號to。help后的不定式可帶to,也可不帶to。Let' s see the dolphins.我們去看海月豕吧。I hear her sing every day.我聽見她每天都唱歌。M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此處called為過去分詞,修飾
29、 girl,放在名詞之后。相當于 named.2. fall down跌倒,掉下 fall behind跟不上,落在 后面fall into 落入中 fall off從上掉下來 fall asleep入睡Eg: She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.in a tree(外來物或人)在樹上on a tre
30、e (樹上本身有的東西:apple等)在樹上Eg : There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree.smile at sb 對某人微笑Eg: Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4. 到達”的表達:arrive in+大地點get to + 地點 reach + 地點“at+小地點(get hometherehere)5. have a tea party 舉辦茶會6. have nothing to do 沒什么事可做nothingsomething
31、to eatdrinknothing作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數7. once or twice=from time to time 偶爾Eg: Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 兩次 三次及以上:數詞 +times three times six times8. what for?=why 妁什么?; 有什么用?9. nothing strange 沒什么奇怪的事形容詞 strange作后置定語,修飾不定代詞 nothing。在英語中,當形容修飾不定代詞somethinganythingnothingeveryth
32、ing 等時,形容詞必須放在不定代詞后面,作后置定語。Eg : I have something important to do.10. hear sb. do sth.聽到某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事Eg: I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.11. .take sth out of把某物從掏出12. racross表示動作是在物體的表面進行,如過河,過橋,過馬路。 through表示動作是在物體的內部空間進行,如穿
33、過森林、門、隧道,光線射入等13. too to 太而不能Eg: He is too young to carry the heavy bag. M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通過電話通話(on 表示 “通過 ”)2. look pale 看起來很蒼白此處look 作為半系動詞,后跟adj. 常見的半系動詞有tastesmellsoundfeel.Eg: The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.3. be glad to do sth 很高興去做sthEg: I am glad to see you again.
34、4. in time 及時on time 準時,按時Eg: I hope you can come back in time. Please hand in your homework on time.5. fall off = fall down from 從摔下來你 fall in love with sb愛上某人6. the risk of 的風險7. pay attention to注意(to是一個介詞,后接名詞或doing)Eg: We should pay more attention to developing economy.8. sometimes 有時some times
35、幾次;幾倍sometime (將來或過去)某個時候some time 一段時間9. pick up 撿起,拾起(代詞只能放中間,名詞放在中間或后面均可)pick sb up(開車)接某人Eg : After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.10. call sb call up=ring up 打電話給sb call on 拜訪 sb11. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie此處為不及物動詞,意為 躺
36、”。其過去式為lay,現在分詞為lying。He was lying on the bed.l 2. as soon as 一就 I will call you as soon as I get home.語法全解:when 和 while 都表示主從句的動作或狀態同時發生,但二者意義不盡相同。1. when 引導的從句可表示時間點,也可表示時間段,從句的位于動詞既可以是延續性動詞,也可以是非延續性動詞;while 引導的從句通常表示時間段,從句中用延續性動詞作謂語。They arrived while we were watching TV .2. 含有 when 引導的時間狀語的主從復合句
37、,如果主句用過去進行時,從句應該用一般過去式,表示一個動作正在進行的時候另一個動作發生,強調后一動作發生的突然性。We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3. 當主從句的動作都是延續的或同時發生,主從句都用過去進行時的時候,從句多用while 引導。 They were reading while we were writing .M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.The population of is 表示.有多少人。此外用 has a
38、 population of 也可以表示 有多少人。形容人口(population )的多少用big/ large 或 small 當 population 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數 詢問某地有多少人口.:.What' s the population of .注意:詢問某地有多少人口時不用how many 和 how muchhundredthousandmillionbillion 等前有數字,用單數形式three hundredhundredthousandmillionbillion 等后有 of,用復數形式thousands of2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(
39、adj.) 吵鬧的make noise 發出噪音3. prepare 準備 prepare for 為做準備 prepare to do sth 準備去做某事 .Eg: They are preparing for the New Year.4. notes名詞復數形式筆記隨筆"make notes己筆記5. too much+不可數名詞much too+形容詞. 太too many+可數名詞復數Eg: I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many
40、people in the shop on Sunday.6. one fifth 五分之一分數的表達法:分子在前,用基數詞;分母在后,用序數詞。當分子大于1 時,分母需要用復數 如: two thirds9. hang on a minute. 稍等10. public services 公共服務a public telephone 公用電話in public 在公共場合11. in fact 事實上all over the world 全世界12. leave 離開(某地) leave for+ 目的地 前往 (目的地 ) 啟程去某地I ll leave for Shanghai next
41、 week. leave 還有 “忘了帶,留下”之意 如: I left my book at home .13. 辨析: job 與 workjob ( cn) 指具體的職業或零工work (un)指人們日常生活和工作中從事的體力或腦力勞動【 Grammer】 :冠詞:復習筆記數字 : 分為基數詞和序數詞。本模塊中,我們重點學習數字的讀法。在英語中,每三位數字為一個單位,按照百,十,個位向下讀。而進位的讀法則為thousand, million , billion 向上遞增。數詞的常見用法:分數表達法在英語中,分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞。當分子是1 時,分母用原形;當分子大于1 時,分母用復
42、數形式。1/3 : one thirds 2/3 : two thirds百分數的表達:百分數用percent表示,符號為% 如:5%讀作five present .M10 The weather1 .關于天氣的單詞:名詞 cloud, rain, snow, sun, wind, fog .形容詞 cloudy, rainy, snowy, sunny, windy, foggy .2 . Are you joking?joke n. 笑話;玩笑play a joke on sb make a joke ofabout ab4. minus 減去, 零下 (溫度 )Eg:The temper
43、ature is minus 3 degrees.5. although 盡管;雖然(although 與 but 不能連用)Eg: It isn t warm today, although the sun is shining.6. what ' s the weather l(inj )?Eg: -What is the weather like in Jinhua today?-It is cold today.詢問天氣還可以用how is the weather (in)?7. as well 也;還(放句末) too 也 (放句末) also 也,而且(放句中)8. bet
44、ter get going.= had better g now. 最好現在就走had better do sth 最好做 sthEg: It laste now, we had better hurry up.9. compared to = compared with 和相比較Eg : I compared my computer towith hers. 重點語法:情態動詞may,might 的用法。Module 11 Way of life重點語法:1. what a surprise! 真驚訝啊! 此句是感嘆句,用來表達贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情,同樣用how 也可引導感嘆句。結構如下:what +(aan)+adj.+n.(+ 主語+謂語)!how +adj.adv. (+ 主語+謂語)!Eg: How beautiful the girl is!= What a beautiful girl she is!2. you needn t wait. 你不必等了。need 在這里用作情態動詞,表示“需要”,常用于否定句、疑問句及must 引導的一般疑問句的否定回答
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