1、信人 : tjr99 （ 頤養(yǎng) ）, 信區(qū) : DESIGNPHD標 題 : 中國古代建筑及構造英文翻譯發(fā)信站 : 未建成 BBS （Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007）, 站內（全國自然科學名詞審定委員會1996 年公布）中國古代建筑及構造宮 palace ， temple殿 hall廳 hall 又稱堂室 room房 house亭 pavilion臺 platform壇 altar樓 storied building*閣 pavilion廊 colonnade榭 pavilion on terrace水榭 waterside pavilion軒 windowed verand

2、a 民居 folk house四合院 courtyard house寨 stockaded village舫 boat house闕 que ， watchtower牌樓 pailou ， decorated gateway 華表 huabiao ， ornamental pillar塔 pagoda硬山flush gable roof懸山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof廡殿hip roofhip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攢尖pyramidal roof園攢尖round pavilion

3、 roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式構架post and lintel construction穿斗式構架column and tie construction井干式構架log cabin construction檐柱 eave column金柱hypostyle column內槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代術語內柱hypostyle column宋代術語山柱center column角柱

4、corner column 唐、宋術語瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post 宋代術語雷公柱 suspended column帳桿 suspended column 宋代術語側腳cejiao 宋代術語卷殺entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代術語角背bracket由戧invertedV-shapedbrace* 手 chashou ， inverted V-shaped brace 宋代術語柁墩woodenpier駝峰tuofeng， camel-hump shaped support 宋代術語梁 beam楨beam宋代術語月梁cr

5、escent beam三架梁 3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代術語四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽楨5-purlin beam宋代術語六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽楨7-purlin beam宋代術語九架梁9-purlin beam八椽楨9-purlin beam宋代術語單步梁one-step cross beam雙步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳楨rufu , beam tie 宋代術語抱頭梁baotou beam穿插枋p

6、enetrating tie角梁 hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檁 purlin (used without dougong) 小式樽purlin 宋代術語脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檁ridged purlin小式脊樽ridged purlin宋代術語金桁intermediate purlin大式金檁intermediate purlin小式上中平樽intermediate purlin宋代術語老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代術語正心桁eave purlin 大式檐檁 eave purlin 小式下平樽eave

7、 purlin宋代術語大式額枋 architrave(used with dougong)小式檐枋 architrave(used with dougong)闌額architrave 宋代術語由額墊板cushion board 大式檐墊板 cushion board小式枋 tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口構造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口構造頂椽top rafter腦椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafte

8、r檐椽eave rafter飛檐椽flying rafter飛子flying rafter 宋代術語連檐eave edging瓦口tile edging頷版tile edging 宋代術語舉架raising the purlin舉析raising the purlin 宋代術語步架horizontal spacingbetween purlins材 cai 契qi分 fen斗口 doukou ， mortise of cap block斗拱 dougong ， bracket set斗 dou ， bracket set升 block with cross mortise大斗cap block

9、櫨斗cap block 宋代術語拱 gong ， bracketarm翹 flower arm ， petal華拱 flower arm 宋代術語昂 ang ， lever槽升子center block齊心斗center block 宋代術語三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代術語正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代術語瓜拱 oval arm 瓜子拱 oval arm 宋代術語萬拱 long arm慢拱l(fā)ong arm 宋代術語廂拱regular arm令拱regular

10、arm 宋代術語單材拱 outer-side bracket arm撐頭small tie-beam 枋small tie-beam宋代術語耍頭nose攢 set of bracket柱頭科bracket set on columns柱頭鋪作bracket set on columns 宋代術語平身科bracket sets between columns補間鋪作bracket sets between columns 宋代術語角科 bracket set on corner轉角鋪作bracket set on corner 宋代術語出 extension of bracket出跳 exten

11、sion of bracket 宋代術語畫cai跳tiao宋代術語雀替sparrowbrace搏縫板gableeave board搏縫版gableeave board宋代術語木裝修 joiners work外檐裝修exterior finish work內檐裝修interior finish work 框檻 door frame檻 stud抱框jamb ondoor or window格柵partitiondoor抹頭windowstool欞子grill裙板panel檻窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗 removable window門枕door bearin

12、g門簪decorative cylinder門跋door knocker門釘decorative nails on door leaf門枕石 bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽兒梁lattice framing支條lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling 罩 shelf龕 niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墻eave wall廊墻partition wall扇面墻horizontal partit

13、ion wall隔斷墻vertical partitionwall檻墻sill wall樨頭gable wallhead挑檐石cantilever stoneon eave五花山墻stepped gable wall拔磉corbel ， hanging over疊澀corbel ， hanging over宋代術語角柱石corner pier階條石rectangular stoneslab壓闌石rectangular stoneslab 宋代術語臺階steps踏道steps宋代術語踏垛step踏 step 宋代術語斗板石 intermediate pier垂帶 drooping belt st

14、one副子 drooping belt stone 宋代術語象眼triangular space御路yulu ， imperial path羌差ramp須彌座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上裊upper cyma ， recta下裊lower cyma ， reversa束腰suyao鉤欄balustrade 宋代術語宋代術語單鉤欄single frieze balustrade垂臺鉤欄double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱頭baluster capital欄

15、版frieze panel華版frieze panel地伏plinth stone尋杖handrail 宋代術語柱頂石capital stone 柱礎 column base躓 zhi 碑碣 stone tablet* 屃bixi ， stone turtle 宋及宋前術語趺fu ， stone turtle清代術語石像生 stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦 ridge tile琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile勾頭eave tile滴水drip tile瓦當tile end ， eavetile with pattern正吻zhengwen鴟尾chiwei 宋及宋前術語正脊main ridge垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof ， vertical ridge for gable roof戧脊diagonal ridge for gable and hiproof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走獸 animal磚雕brick carving 彩畫 colored pattern ， colored drawing蘇式彩畫Suzh