1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上第8單元動詞(一)（一）動詞的種類 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞，連系動詞，助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。1行為動詞行為動詞可分為及物動詞(vt)和不及物動詞(vi)，及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨作謂語，后跟賓語；不及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨作謂語，但后面不能直接跟賓語，如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語。例More and more people study English.(vt)The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)2連系動詞連系動詞

2、本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。例 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.It feels damp. 3助動詞助動詞本身無詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定，疑問及動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征，助動詞有be,do,have,shall,will等。例 How do you usually come to school?The

3、children are playing yo-yo now. 4情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。例Can I help you?-Must we go now? No, you neednt.a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各種時態(tài)均可，指須經(jīng)過努力而“能”。b. must與have/

4、has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認(rèn)為“必須”，只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時；have/has to表示客觀需要，意為“不得不”，它可用于各種時態(tài)。cneed和dare既可作情態(tài)動詞也可作行為動詞。 （二）動詞不定式動詞不定式to do沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語，但可以和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成謂語，又可以在句子中作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、主語、表語等。但它畢竟是動詞，因此，具有動詞的許多特點，如它可以有自己的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。1作主語：例To learn English is very important.但實際上不定式作主語常用it來作形式主語，而將不定式移

5、至謂語動詞后作真正的主語。如上句可表達為：It's very important to learn English. 2作表語：例 My idea is to ring him up at once. 3作賓語：例 I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School. 4作賓語補足語：a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。例The policemen asked him to get off the bus.b. hear, see, look

6、at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。例 We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.c. let, make, have這些使役動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但在被動語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。例In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.d. 動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，可帶to也可不帶to。例Can you help me (to) carry the heav

7、y bag? 5作定語。a. 與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞，后面的介詞千萬不要省略。例 Maybe they have three rooms to live in.b. 與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。例 Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.c. 與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。例 I have no time to play cards. 6作狀語，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。例 I'll go to me

8、et my friend at the railway station. 7不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for sb. to do sth” 作主語時，常用“It is +adj+ for sb. to do sth” 的句式。It is interesting ( difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, important, possible, late , time) for sb to do sth. 例It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.It's very kind of you to he

9、lp me.It is interesting for us to read this story. Its late for me to have class. It is important for her to stay at school.形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever, right, wrong, careful等用“It is +adj +of sb. to do sth.” It is kind ( nice good careful careless ) of sb to do sth. 其他形容詞用for。例 I

10、t is very kind of you to give me a hand . It is careless of him to do exercises.8動詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。例I don't know when to start.= I don't know when we'll start.He didn't tell me where to go. =He didn't tell me where he would go. I dont know wh

11、ere to go. We knew who(whom) to ask. He wants to know what to do. I want to know why to stand there. I didnt know how to when to leave. Do you know how to answer this question? 注意：a. 有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式，只能接動詞的-ing形式。如：enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。例 The

12、 peasants are busy picking apples.Would you mind my opening the door?b. 有些動詞后可接不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式，但意思不同。例 Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過信了)They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作) 9. 不定式的否定形式： 在to 前加not . ( not to d

13、o sth.) 例 Ask her not to speak loudly. We found people not to throw it about. Tell the students not to make much noise. 10. let , make, have, had better=d better, will you please= would you please= could you please(跟動詞原形,否定式是在第二個動詞原形前加not) 例 Lets go. Let me see.Li Feng made the baby stop crying. Dont have them be in trouble. You had better turn the radio down. Will you please sweep the floor? Let us not talk. Make him not shout again. Youd better not come back. Will (Would) you please not follow me? Could you please not tell me about it? 11. wish 和hope 的用法： 希望做