1、英語六級仔細閱讀復習及答案Thefoodirradiationprocessisasimpleone.ThenewU.S.plant,VindicatorofFloridaIncorporatedinMulberry,Fla.,usesamaterialcalledcobalt60toirradiatefood.Cobalt60isradioactiveisotopeformofthemetallicelementcobalt.Cobalt60,whichgivesoffradiationintheformofgammarays,isalsousedforradiationtherapyfor

2、cancerpatientsandforsterilizinghospitalequipment.Theradioactiveisotopeiscreatedbybombardingcobaltwithsubatomicparticlesinanuclearreactor.However,irradiationplantsdonotthemselvescontainnuclearreactors.Intheirradiationplant,foodisexposedtothinrodsofcobalt60.Therodsgiveoffgammarays,whichdisruptchemical

3、processesincontaminatingorganisms.Thedisruptionbreaksdownthecellwallsoforganismsordestroystheirgeneticmaterial.Thedose,setbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationFDA,isenoughtokillorganismsonfood,butnotenoughtoproducesignificantchangesinthefooditself.Althoughirradiationslightlydecreasesthenutritivevalueof

4、foods,thelossislessthanthatproducedbysomeothermethodsoffoodpreservation.Canning,forexample,resultsinamuchgreaterlossofnutrients.Thosewhoobjecttoirradiationsaythattheprocessmaycreatesubstancesnotfoundinnonirradiatedfood.SincetheI960sresearchershavestudiedirradiatedfoodatmicroscopiclevelstotrytofindsu

5、chsubstances,calleduniqueradiolyticproducts.Afterreviewingthesestudies,theFDAdeterminedthatcompoundsformedduringirradiationaresimilartosubstancefoundinnonirradiatedfoodsandarenotdangeroustoconsume.Destructionofmicroorganismsthatcauseillnessisanimportantgoalofirradiation.About250millioncasesoffoodpoi

6、soningor1perperson-occureveryyearintheU.S.,accordingtoFDAestimates.Foodpoisoningcancausevomiting,diarrhea,fever,headache-and,occasionally,death.Becauseoftheapparentsafetyoffoodirradiation,andtheproblemspresentedbycontaminatedfood,scientificgroups-includingtheAmericanMedicalAssociation,theWorldHealth

7、Organization,andtheUnitedNationsfoodandAgricultureAssociation-havevoicednearlyuniversalsupportfortheprocess.Worldwide,38nationshaveapprovedirradiationfor355products.Likemicrowaveovens,foodirradiationhasarousedapprehensionandmisunderstanding.Yetithasbeenscrutinizedmorethoroughlythanothermethodsoffood

8、treatmentthatwehavecometoregardassafe,anditappearstobeamethodwhosetimehascome.1. Cobalt60,besidesirradiatingfood,isalsoemployedto.A. detectmetallicflawsB. runanuclearreactorC. curecancerpatientsD. strengthenconcretewalls2. Gammaraysusedtoirradiatefood.A.aregenerallynotstrongenoughtodestroycontaminat

9、ingorganismsB. donotbringaboutsignificantchangesinthefooditselfC. maydestroysomeofthenutrientsinthefoodD. shouldbesubmittedtoFDAforapproval3.1 rradiatedfood.A. certainlylosesitsnutritivevalueB. maintainsitsnutritivevaluenodifferentfromthenonirradiatedC.keepsitsnutritivevaluebetterthancannedfoodD.isr

10、ecommendedasthebestofallpreservedfoods4. Withcasesoffoodpoisoningincreasing,.A. foodirradiationshouldbecarriedoutwithcareB. itismoreurgenttoirradiatefoodsC. medicalresearchesintotreatmentofthediseasedshouldbestrengthenedD. Americansarebeginningtoacceptfoodirradiation5. Thepassagemaybetakenfrom.A. an

11、ewsreportB. atextbookoffoodprocessingC. abookofpopularscienceD. amanualoffoodirradiation答案：CBCCDFederalReserveSystem,centralbankingsystemoftheUnitedStates,popularlycalledtheFed.Acentralbankservesasthebankertoboththebankingcommunityandthegovernment;italsoissuesthenationalcurrency,conductsmonetarypoli

12、cy,andplaysamajorroleinthesupervisionandregulationofbanksandbankholdingcompanies.IntheU.S.thesefunctionaretheresponsibilitiesofkeyofficialsoftheFederalReserveSystem：theBoardofGovernors,locatedinWashington,DC,andthetopofficersof12districtFederalReservebanks,locatedthroughoutthenation.TheFedsactions,d

13、escribedbelow,generallyhaveasignificanteffectonU.S.interestratesand,subsequently,onstock,bond,andotherfinancialmarkets.TheFederalReservefsbasicpowersareconcentratedintheBoardofGovernors,whichisparamountinallpolicyissuesconcerningbankregulationandsupervisionandinmostaspectsofmonetarycontrol.Theboarde

14、nunciatestheFedtspoliciesonbothmonetaryandbankingmatter.Becausetheboardisnotanoperatingagency,mostoftheday-todayimplementationofpolicydecisionsislefttothedistrictFederalReservebanks,stockinwhichisownedbythecommercialbanksthataremembersoftheFederalReserveSystem.Ownershipinthisinstance,however,doesnot

15、implycontrol;theBoardofGovernorsandtheheadsoftheReservebanksorienttheirpoliciestothepublicinterestratherthantothebenefitoftheprivatebankingsystem.TheU.S.bankingsystem*sregulatoryapparatusiscomplex;theauthorityoftheFederalReserveissharedinsomeinstancesforexample,inmergersortheexaminationofbankswithot

16、herFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationFDIC.Inthecriticalareaofregulatingthenationsmoneysupplyinaccordancewithnationaleconomicgoals,however,theFederalReserveisindependentwithinthegovernment,IncomeandexpendituresoftheFederalReservebanksandoftheboardofgovernorsarenotsubjecttothecongressionalappropriatio

17、nprocess;theFederalReserveisself-financing.Itsincome$20,2billionin1992comesmainlyfromReservebankholdingsofincome-earningsecurities,primarilythoseoftheU.S.government.Outlays$1.5billionin1992aremostlyforoperationalexpensesinprovidingservicestothegovernmentandforexpendituresconnectedwithregulationandmo

18、netarypolicy.In1992theFederalReservereturned416.8billioninearningstotheU.S.treasury.1 .TheFedoftheUnitedStates.A. functionasChinaBankB. isthecounterpartofPeople*sBankofChinaC. issubjectedtothebankingcommunityandgovernmentD. has13topofficerswhocaninfluencetheAmericanfinancialmarket2. ThefactthatstockintheFedbelongstocommercialbanks.A. doesn,tmeanthelatterisincontrolB. meansthelatterisincontrolC. meansthelatterissubjectedtotheReservebanksD. meanstheReservebanksorientthelatterspolicies3. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.