1、unit 3 online travel一、教學內容： unit 3 online travelgrammar 二. 教學目標：掌握unit3的詞法結構和用法：passive voice1. 被動語態結構：be + 動詞的過去分詞。2. 重點掌握以下6種情況的被動語態：一般現在時的被動語態(am/is/are +過去分詞)一般過去時的被動語態(was/were +過去分詞)一般將來時的被動語態(will be +過去分詞)/(am/is/are going to be +過去分詞)現在進行時的被動語態(am/is/are being +過去分詞)現在完成時的被動語態(have/has

2、 been +過去分詞)含有情態動詞的被動語態(情態動詞+be+過去分詞)3. 重點掌握兩種特殊情況的被動語態含有使役動詞、感官動詞和help后接不帶to 的動詞不定式改為被動語態時要加上to。雙賓語的情況改為被動語態時有兩種改法。4. 特別注意happen(take place)及系動詞feel, sound, taste, smell, look等沒有被動語態的情況。 經典講解：被動語態英語中的語態(voice)英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。1)主動語態(active voice)表示主語是動作的發出者、執行者. many people speak english. 主語

3、many people 發出、執行了speak的動作2)被動語態(passive voice)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的接受者。english is spoken by many people. 主語english是動詞speak的承受者。 被動語態的構成被動語態由“be及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be動詞的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。一般現在時：amisaretaught一般過去時：wasweretaught一般將來時：willshall betaught現在進行時：amisare beingtaught過去進行時：wa

4、swere doingtaught現在完成時：havehas beentaught（一）一般現在時的被動語態一般現在時被動語態表示經常性、習慣性的被動動作。am/is/are +done 改為被動語態 e.g.1：his brother washes bowls every day. bowls are washed by his brother every day. e.g.2：a dog follows me. im followed by a dog. e.g.3: football is played all over the world. 否定句：football is not pl

5、ayed all over the world. 一般疑問句：is football played all over the world? 翻譯句子：1. 這些玩具是中國制造的。these toys are made in china2. 這個公園是為老年人建造的。the park is built for the old.  【典型例題】一般現在時的主動語態變被動語態：1. bruce writes a letter every week. 【答案】 a letter is written by bruce every week. 2. this factory produces

6、machine tools. 【答案】 machine tools are produced in this factory. 3. they often make fun of her. 【答案】 she is often made fun of. 4. everyone respects her. 【答案】 she is respected by everyone. 5. we clean our classroom every day. 【答案】 our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 6. do you wash your clothes v

7、ery often? 【答案】 are your clothes washed very often?7. most people in the usa speak english. 【答案】 english is spoken by most people in the usa. 8. people listen to this programme in many countries. 【答案】 this programme is listened to in many countries. 9. people speak english in many countries. 【答案】 en

8、glish is spoken in many countries. 10. do you often clean your room? 【答案】 is your room often cleaned by you? （二）一般過去時的被動語態一）掌握一般過去時的被動語態的概念及構成一般過去時的被動語態表示過去經常性、習慣性的被動性動作或過去某一時刻發生的被動性動作。句型格式：was / were + done 即由主語(動作承受者) + was / were + 過去分詞(+ by + 施動者)構成。與主動語態相比, 被動語態中主語是謂語動作的執行者。無需說明動作執行者時可省去“b

9、y+動作執行者”。句中主語就是原主動語態的賓語，動作執行者就是原主動語態的主語。was, were由主語單復數形式而定，主語為第三人稱單數名詞或代詞或i時用was，主語為復數名詞或代詞或you時用were。例：1. 去年，我是由趙老師教的。i was taught by miss zhao last year. 2. 那些信是由一位有名作家寫的。 those letters were written by a famous writer. 3. 昨天晚上那條裙子被買走了。that skirt was bought last night. 4. 我的書在哪里？剛才它被放在桌子上的。 where

10、is my book ? it was put on the desk just now. 5. 這座橋是去年十月份建的。this bridge was built in october last year. 這些蛋糕是我媽媽昨天晚上做的。these cakes were made by my mother last night. 女孩說她經常被她兄弟打。the girl said she was often beaten by her brother.  二）掌握一般過去時被動語態句型的變換方法 一般過去時被動語態句型變換應圍繞was, were進行，構成否定句在其后加not，構成

11、一般疑問句將其提至句首，構成特殊疑問句將一般疑問句置于特殊疑問詞后面，構成反意疑問句保留was/were。 his computer was not stolen by thieves last night. 他的電腦昨天晚上沒有被小偷偷走。 was your homework finished in time yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你及時完成家庭作業了嗎？when was your letter written? the day before yesterday? 你的信是什么時候寫的？前天嗎？ why was this problem not worked out

12、by you? 為什么你沒有解出這道試題？ your bike was not repaired last night, was it? 你的自行車昨晚沒有被修，是嗎？這房子不是1958年建造的。是哪一年造的呢？1987年。this house was not built in 1958. when was it built?it was built in 1987.  三）掌握一般過去時被動語態疑問句的回答方法 一般過去時被動語態一般疑問句的肯定回答用“yes, was/were. ”否定回答用“no, wasnt/werent. ”特殊疑問句應抓住特殊疑問詞進行回答，可用簡略方法

13、，也可用完整方法。反意疑問句也應用“yes, was/were. ”或“no, wasnt/werent. ”進行回答。 was your office cleaned yesterday afternoon? 你的辦公室昨天下午被打掃了嗎？ yes, it was. /no, it wasnt. 是的，被打掃了。/不，沒有被打掃。 were your rooms painted again last week? 你的房間上周重新粉刷了嗎？ yes, they were. /no, they werent. 是的，被重新粉刷了。/不，沒有被重新粉刷。 when was your brother

14、 sent to work in beijing? 你兄弟是什么時候被派到北京去工作的？last year. /he was sent to work in beijing last year. 去年。/他是去年被派到北京去工作的。 where was your party held last sunday? 上周日你的聚會是在哪兒舉行的？ at home. /it was held at home. 在家里。/在家里舉行的。 your debt was paid off at last, wasnt it? 你所欠的債最終被還清了，是嗎？ yes, it was. /no, it wasnt

15、. 是的，被還清了。/不，沒有被還清。 【典型例題】1. oh, this is really a big shop. do you know when it _? a. builtb. has been built c. has built d. was built 2. you neednt clean the reading room now, because it _ just now. a. cleaned b. was cleaning c. is cleaned d. was cleaned 3. the young woman was very sad, because her

16、 handbag _ that day. a. was lost b. lost c. was losing d. is lost 4. who is the little boy in the picture? its me. the picture _ 10 years ago. a. took b. is taken c. has taken d. was taken5. did jack come to our party yesterday? no, he _. a. wasnt invited b. didnt invite c. isnt invited d. hasnt inv

17、ited 6. the doctor looked over peter carefully after he _ to the hospital. a. takes b. is taken c. took d. was taken 7. the prc _ in 1949, so it has a very long history. a. was found b. is foundedc. was founded d. has been founded 8. i _ ten minutes to decide whether i should give up the plan. a. ga

18、ve b. was given c. was giving d. had given 9. all our rooms _ by the children yesterday afternoon. a. cleaned b. were cleaned c. is cleaned d. clean 10. peter _ a job in this company, but he refused to take it. a. was offered b. offered c. was offering d. had offered 11. as she _ by the story, karen

19、 burst into tears. a. deeply moved b. has deeply moved c. was deeply moved d. was deeply moving 12. yesterday, peter _ a ticket for speeding. a. gave b. had been given c. was given d. was giving 13. _ the worker _ from morning till night? a. did, make to work b. was, made working c. was, made worked

20、 d. was, made to work 14. a tall man _ down the road at midnight. a. was seen run b. was seen running c. saw running d. has been seen running 15. it was said that other possibilities _ at the meeting the day before yesterday. a. were not paid attention b. were not paying attention to c. not paid att

21、ention to d. were not paid attention to 16. the teacher as well as a number of students _ to attend the party yesterday. a. were asked b. was asked c. were asking d. was asking 17. i wanted very much to go to that ball， but _. a. im not invited b. i wont be invited c. i wasnt invited d. i havent bee

22、n invited 18. were you praised by your teacher for your good answer yesterday? yes, i _. a. were b. was c. did d. had 19. you were not taught how to do it, _ you? a. were b. was c. did d. had 20. he was asked to make a speech at the meeting, _ he? a. wasnt b. werent c. didnt d. hadnt【答案】ddada dcbba

23、ccdbd bcbaa （三）一般將來時的被動語態1. 一般將來時的被動語態構成形式：助動詞will/shall +be+及物動詞的過去分詞（shall/will+be done ）（1）描述事物將受到某種影響或某種處理。（2）描述人物將被動地接受某種行為或某種處理。 the people of beijing will plant more trees and build new road. more trees will be planted and new roads will be built by people of beijing. john will take his

24、dog back. johns dog will be taken back by him. 2. its negative structure: will + not + be + 過去分詞 my pictures wont be developed until next week. 3. its interrogative: will+ subject+ be+過去分詞？ wh- +will+ subject+ be+過去分詞？ will the 29th olympic games be held in beijing?when will the 29th olympic games b

25、e held in beijing? 【典型例題】一、劃線部分提問：1. they will build many new sport venues for the beijing olympic games. 2. millions of people will watch the final match on tv. 3. john will carry the canadian flag at the opening of the olympic games. 4. they will make all the flags by hand. 5. mrs jones will

26、take care of your pet dog while you are away on holiday. 6. the government will spend almost 100 million yuan on this programme. 【答案】1. what will be built for the beijing olympics?2. where will the final match be watched by millions of people?3. by whom will the canadian flag be carried at the openi

27、ng of the olympic games？4. how will all the flags be made?5. what will be taken care of by mrs jones while you are away on holiday?6. how much will be spent by the government on this programme? 二、翻譯句子1. 這條裙子太漂亮了! 會有很多女孩兒喜歡的！ 2. 他一到達這個城市就會被認出。3. 這項工作很快就完成了。4. 我們不會受到邀請。5. 動物園的動物馬上要喂養了。【答案】1. what

28、 a beautiful skirt! it will be loved by many girls. 2. he will be recognized as soon as he arrives at this city. 3. the work is going to be done soon. 4. we will not be invited. 5. the animals in the zoo will be fed soon.  三、單項選擇題1. all those old buildings _ down tomorrow. a. will be knocked b.

29、 will knock c. will have knocked d. knock【答案】a解析: will/shall be +p. p. 一般將來時的被動語態。故答案選a。2. the mistakes in the exercises will _ the teacher. a. cross b. be crossing c. be crossed by d. cross by 【答案】d3. it is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. a. designed b. has been designed c. will be des

30、igned d. will have been designed【答案】c4. ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _ if we leave it here. a. would be fined b. will be fined c. will being fined d. will have been fined【答案】b （四）現在完成時的被動語態的用法 1. 表示一個被動的動作發生在說話之前, 強調對現在造成的影響和結果。如: the door has been locked. 門被鎖上了。

31、2. 表示一個被動的動作或狀態開始于過去, 持續到現在, 并可能持續下去, 常與for 或since引導的時間狀語連用, 或用于how long. . . ?句型中。如: the important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 那個重要的問題已經被討論近兩個星期了。 how long has the machine been used? 這機器使用多久了?現在完成時的被動語態應注意的幾個問題（1）請注意現在完成時的被動語態的兩個助動詞, 即have/has和been, 兩者缺一不可。（2）請注意與一般過去時的被動語態的區別。

32、一般過去時的被動語態所表示的動作或狀態與現在的情況沒有聯系, 而現在完成時的被動語態則強調與現在情況的聯系。如: the bridge was built last year. 這橋是去年建成的。 the bridge has been built. 這橋已經建好了。3. 請注意一些特殊動詞, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等構成的現在完成時的被動語態不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應的意思, 則需改換動詞或時態。如: 誤 how long has this book been bought?

33、正 how long ago was this book bought? 但這類動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續過程, 具有連續性, 因而可與since或for引導的時間狀語連用。如: no books have been bought since last week. 自上周以來, 沒有人來買過書。肯定句this book has been translated (翻譯) into many foreign languages. 否定句this book has not been translated into many foreign languages. 一般疑問句has this book

34、 been translated into many foreign languages?  【典型例題】翻譯下列句子，并改成否定句和一般疑問句1. 那本書已經送給了我父母。2. 今天這首歌已經被唱了幾次了。【答案】1. the book has been given to my parents. the book has not been given to my parents. has the book been given to my parents?2. the song has been sung for several times today. the song has

35、not been sung for several times today. has the song been sung for several times today? （五）含有情態動詞的被動語態含有情態動詞can/may/must的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態動詞be過去分詞”構成，we can repair this watch in two days. this watch can be repaired in two days. they should do it at once. it should be done at once. the book can be u

36、nderstood by thirteen-year-old boys.  （六）以下情況不用被動語態1. “it is+形容詞to do” 句型中，這些形容詞有nice, easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等 its hard to say. 2. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中主語構成主謂關系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。i have a letter to write. 3. take place/happen 發生 what happen

37、ed to the old city?4. feel/look/taste/smell/sound(系動詞) the sweater feels soft. the dish tastes nice. 5. 一些動詞如sell, write, wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物。 sell well 暢銷 write well 書寫流利 wash well 清洗容易 （七）雙賓語的被動語態一）含有復合賓語的主動句變被動句，賓語變主語，賓補保留在動詞之后。1. we call him jim. he is called jim.

38、 2. he painted the table green. the table was painted green. 3. we asked the teacher to explain the sentence again. the teacher was asked to explain the sentence again by us.  二）make, hear, see, watch, feel, let, have等動詞在主動語態的句子變被動語態時，其后作賓補的不定式必須加上to 1. his mother made him do his homework again

39、. he was made to do his homework again by his mother. 2. she saw a man go into the room. a man was seen to go into the room by her. 3. we often hear her sing english songs. she is often heard to sing english songs (by us).  （八）不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語, 在變為被動語態時, 仍然要帶上介詞, 如:1. they talked about the matter

40、last night. the matter was talked about by them last night. 2. we must think over what he said. what he said must be thought over. 3. his classmates often made fun of him. he was often made fun of by his classmates. 4. the students listen to the teacher carefully in class every day. the teacher is l

41、istened to carefully (by the students) in class every day. 5. xiao ming looked after his sister yesterday. his sister was looked after (by xiao ming) yesterday. 6. you should take care of the things. the things should be taken care of.  （九）怎樣把主動語態改成被動語態? 把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟： 1. 先找出謂語動詞； 2. 再找出謂語動詞后的賓語； 3. 把賓語用作被動語態中的主語； 4. 注意人稱、時態和數的變化。  【典型例題】1. bruce writes a letter every week. 2. li lei mended the broken bike this morning. 3. he has written two novels so far. 4. they will plant ten trees tomorrow. 5. lucy is writing a letter no