1、語氣語氣英語的動詞普通可帶有三種不同的語氣：英語的動詞普通可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳說語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同陳說語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同方式有的還借助的語氣用動詞的不同方式有的還借助句法方式來表示。句法方式來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞方式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個現實，而是一種假設、猜測、疑心等(在條件從句中或退讓狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的概念 一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現在現在事實相事實相反的假反的假設設與與過去過

2、去相反的相反的假設假設與與將來將來相反的相反的假設假設If+主語主語+動詞的過去式動詞的過去式動詞動詞be用用were)主語主語+should,would,might,could動詞動詞原形原形If+主語主語+had +過去分詞過去分詞主語主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形主語主語should, would might, could動詞動詞原形原形eg:If I had time, I would atten

3、d the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.假設我是他，我就會努力學習假設我是他，我就會努力學習假設我知道他的號碼，我就給他打了假設我知道他的號碼，我就給他打了假設明天下雨的話，我們會取消競賽假設明天下雨的話，我們會取消競賽If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known his telephone number, I would have

4、 called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:運用虛擬條件句要留意的幾點：運用虛擬條件句要留意的幾點：當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句“，動詞的方式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整動詞的方式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If yo

5、u had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.假設他聽我的建議，他如今就會痊愈了假設他聽我的建議，他如今就會痊愈了假設他努力學習的話，他如今就會是大學生假設他努力學習的話，他如今就會是大學生了了省略句省略句 在條件句中，可省略在條件句中，可省略 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變為倒裝句式提到句首，變為倒裝句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder

6、.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用1用于賓語從句用于賓語從句、wish 后面的賓語從句中。后面的賓語從句中。 普通用虛擬語氣，表示一種不能夠實現的愿望。其謂語普通用虛擬語氣，表示

7、一種不能夠實現的愿望。其謂語動詞方式為：動詞方式為：表如今過去時表如今過去時表過去過去完成時表過去過去完成時表未來表未來would, might, could動詞原形動詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.2. 2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require

8、, request, demand, etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.留意：留意：suggest 當表示當表示“暗示、闡明暗示、闡明“講時，講時，insist 表表示堅持以為示堅持以為“之意時，運用陳說語氣。之意時，運用陳說語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had n

9、ever stolen the money.他臉上的表情闡明他對我們的任務很稱心他臉上的表情闡明他對我們的任務很稱心那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動詞原形動詞原形should可以省略可以省略2用于表語從句和同位語從句用于表語從句和同位語從句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My s

10、uggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形動詞原形 我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we

11、 should have a walk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 3虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中B. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型句型中從句也常用中從句也常用(should )+動詞原型動詞原型 Its a pity that you (shoul

12、d) miss a good chance. 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，動詞原形，should不能省略不能省略三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引導的感慨句要是該有多好啊引導的感慨句要是該有多好啊)表示如今的情況表示如今的情況,運用過去式運用過去式; 假設是過去的情況假設是過去的情況,運用過去完成時態運用過去完成時態 If only I kn

13、ew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起來常用虛擬方式，即看起來常用虛擬方式，即表示與如今現實相反，用過去式；與過去現實相反表示與如今現實相反，用過去式；與過去現實相反用過去完成式用過去完成式 (had done).He tre

14、ats the boy as if he were his own son.He spoke as if he had known about it.四四 情態動詞情態動詞+ have donecould have done 本來可以本來可以- - -might have done 本來能夠本來能夠 - - -should / ought to have done 本來應該做本來應該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做本不該做 - - 他本不應該通知她真相。他本不應該通知她真相。You shouldnt have told her the

15、truth .neednt have done 本不用做本不用做 - - - 比較：比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.Choose the best answer:It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave or

16、ders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.wasCAA5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had