1、高中英語定語從句講解及練習定語從句是高中重點知識，也是高考常考點，大家也不容易掌握，這篇文章主要教你關系代詞引導的定語從句關系副詞引導的定語從句 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞 限制性和非限制性定語從句等內容，有例題講解定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。關系代詞有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。關系副詞有： when, where, why 等。18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代

2、詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。1） who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。 例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？（ who/that在從句中作主語）Heis the manwhom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。 （ whom/that在從句中作賓語）2） whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同 of which 互換）。例如：那人車壞了，They rushed over to

3、 help the man whose car had broken down.大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose ( of which ) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3） which, that 所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞， 在從句中可作主語、 賓語等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。 (which / that 在句中作賓語)The package ( wh

4、ich / that ) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。 (which / that 在句中作賓語)18.2 關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1)關系副詞when, where, why 的含義相當于" 介詞 + which" 結構，因此常常和" 介詞 + which" 結構交替使用。 例如：There are occasions when ( on which ) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。B

5、eijing is the place where ( in which ) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why ( for which ) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2) that 代替關系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where, why和"介+which"引導的定語從句，在口語中 that常被省略。例如： 在他出生那年逝世了。His father died the yearthat / when / in whichhe was bor

6、n. 他父親He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。1.3 3判斷關系代詞與關系副詞方法一：用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。I'll never forget the days when I wor

7、ked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。判斷改錯：（錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對） This is the mountain village（which ） I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.習慣上總

8、把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞where, when聯系在一起。止匕兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀）、也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例 1. Is this museum you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held.A. where B. thatC. on whichD. the one例 1 變為肯定句：This museum is you visit

9、ed a few days ago.例 2 變為肯定句：This is the museum the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而 where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所 以應選D。而句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where,又因in the museum 詞組，可用介詞in + which引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on用的不對，所以選Ao關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時， 選擇關系代詞（

10、who, whom, that, which, whose ）;先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應 選擇關系副詞（where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語）。1.4 4限制性和非限制性定語從句1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分， 去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不 會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month

11、, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）2）當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是 非限制性的。例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touc

12、hing.這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數。 例如:Heseems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞 why不能引導非限制性定語從句。1.5 5介詞+關系詞1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2 ） that 前不

13、能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞 when 和 where 互換。例如 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?還記得你力口入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？Do you remember the day when you joined our club

14、?3 8.6 as, which非限定性定語從句由as, which引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this 或 and thatAs 一般放在句首，which在句中。例如:As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知， 吸煙有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太 P日使地球暖起來，這對我們人類很重要。典型例題1) Alice received an invitation from her boss,came

15、 as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用 which. , it和he都使 后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選 he句意不通。2) The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it答案Bo which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而 what不可。That不能 用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起

16、在英語語 法上行不通。3) It rained hard yesterday,prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it答案B. as和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所 表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而 which 不可。(2) as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞、則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent 由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項

17、應為Boas的用法例1. the same- as； such- as中的 as是一種固定結構,和一樣。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he（has）. 我碰至U了跟他樣的麻煩。例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如V。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動 詞

18、know要用被動式。018.9關系代詞that的用法1）不用that 的情況a）引導非限定性定語從句時。例如:（錯）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介詞后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴土地獲得食物。We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況1 ） 在there be 句型中、只用 that、不用

19、 which。2 ) 在不定代詞，如： anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用 that , 不用 which.3 )先行詞有 the only, the very修飾時，只用 that 。4 )先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用 that。.5 )先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如:All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the

20、police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。定語從句6 .The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which7 .Do you know the man?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke8 .This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they

21、stayed at D. where they stayed9 .Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. thatC. when D. on which10 That is the day I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when11 The factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. whic

22、h D. in which12 Great changes have taken place since then in the factory weare working.A. where B. that C. which D. there13 This is one of the best films.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked14 Can you lend me the book the other day?A

23、. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked15 .The pen he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which16 .They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that17 .The engineer my father works is ab

24、out 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose1.1 I'm interested in you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which1.2 I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A.

25、which B. who C. what D. as16 .He isn't such a man he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17 .He is good at English, we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18 .Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him1.1 I don't

26、like as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20 .He talked a lot about things and persons they rememberedin the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21 .The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are

27、2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person I've ever met could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.1 lost a book, I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visi

28、ted the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it1.1 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day wespent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D.

29、on which; when28 .The way he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29 .This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30 .This machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked

30、afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31 .The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;thatD.for which;what32 .He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33 .That is not the way I do it.A./ B.which C.for w

31、hich D.with which34.1 have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.1 want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36. My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was

32、 very kindof them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37. This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38. He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose4

33、0. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guard happened? - Yes, he told meall he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm withthe farmers, has a great effect on

34、 my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The number of the people who cars increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; isC. own; is D. own; are44. During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas

35、 helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see was goingon inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D.

36、this school where48. John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been參考答案一

37、 單項選擇 ? 定語從句 15 A C A B A? 610 B C C A D? 1115 C B D DA 1620 D C A B B? 2126 B B B A D D參考答案及解析1. A. which 用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2. C. " 和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應為 Do you know the man whom Ispoke to. o whom是關系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where 是關系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4. C. when 是關系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5. A.

38、 which 是關系代詞， 在從句中作forget 的賓語。 其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。6. C. 解析同第5 題。7. A. 解析見第3 題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應該是films, 因此，關系代詞 that 是負數概念，其謂語動詞應用復述的被動語態have been shown 。如果句中的 one 前面使用了定冠詞 the ，則 the one 應該視為先行詞。9. A. “談到某事物”應說 talk about sth. 。 about 是介詞，其后要用 which 作 賓語，不能用 that 。10. A. with which 是"介詞 +關系代詞"結構 ,

39、 常用來引導定語從句 .with 有"用"的意思 , 介詞之后只能用 which, 不能用 that. with which 在定語從句中作狀語, 即 heis writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在從句中作狀語.12. D. with whom引導定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為：my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose 引導定語從句 , 在從句中作主語family 的定語

40、 .14. A. that 引導定語從句 , 因為先行詞是all, 所以只能選用 that 引導 .15. D. the same .as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語 . 在本句話中 ,as 作從句的主語.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時，可以作主語，賓語或表語.在本題中 ,as 作表語 .17. B. as 作關系代詞可以單獨用來引導非限制性定語從句。這時 as 所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。 as 在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中 ,as 作賓語 .18. B. Li Ming

41、enjoyed it very much 是主句 ,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句 .with whom 放在從句中為 :I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導定語從句時通常構成 such - as或the same- as固定搭配，其中such 和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。 Such修飾單數名詞時，要用such a.,本題中 such books, such 直接修飾復數名詞 .20. B. things 和 perso

42、ns 是先行詞 . 當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人, 又表示物的名詞時, 其關系代詞要用 that.21. D. who 引導非限制性定語從句 ,who 作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行詞person后有兩個定語從句，第一個從句省略了關系代詞 whom因為， whom作從句中met的賓語，可以省略.第二個從句 who could do it.who 在從句中作 主語 , 不可省略 .24. A. whose title 引導非限制性定語從句 ,whose title 也可以說

43、成the title ofwhich25. A. for which引導定語從句 , 使用介詞 for, 是來自于從句中的固定短語befamous for " 以而聞名".26. C. 當先行詞被such 修飾時 , 引導定語從句的關系代詞要用 as. As 在本從句中作主語 .27. A. 兩個先行詞 the day 都是表示時間的名詞, 但第一個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作狀語, 因此要用關系副詞when. 第二個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作動詞 spent 的賓語 , 因此要用關系代詞 which 或 that 來引導定語從句 .28. D. 在 way、 distance 、 direction 等詞后的定語從句中，常用 that