1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic

2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this

3、 robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special condition

4、s set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation s

5、tandards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context o

6、f industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of

7、automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn

8、't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechan

9、ical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original

10、robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complet

11、e like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that

12、 the robot begand序號(hào)分部工程子分部工程分 項(xiàng) 工 程1地基與基礎(chǔ)無支護(hù)土方土方開挖、土方回填有支護(hù)土方排樁，降水、排水、地下連續(xù)墻、錨桿、土釘墻、水泥土樁、沉井與沉箱，鋼及混凝土支撐地基處理子分部工程灰土地基、砂和砂石地基，碎磚三合土地基，土工合成材料地基，粉煤灰地基，重錘夯實(shí)地基，強(qiáng)夯地基，振沖地基，砂樁地基，預(yù)壓地基，高壓噴射注漿地基，土和灰土擠密樁地基，注漿地基，水泥粉煤灰碎石樁地基，夯實(shí)水泥土樁地基。樁基錨桿靜壓樁及靜力壓樁，預(yù)應(yīng)力離心管樁，鋼筋混凝土預(yù)制樁，鋼樁，混凝土灌注樁（成孔、鋼筋籠、清孔、水下混凝土灌注）。地下防水防水混凝土，水泥砂漿防水層，卷材防水層，涂料

13、防水層，金屬板防水層，塑料板防水層，細(xì)部構(gòu)造，噴錨支護(hù)，復(fù)合式襯砌，地下連續(xù)墻，盾構(gòu)法隧道；滲排水、盲溝排水，隧道、坑道排水；預(yù)注漿、后注漿，襯砌裂縫注漿混凝土基礎(chǔ)子分部工程模板、鋼筋、混凝土，后澆帶混凝土，混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)縫處理砌體基礎(chǔ)磚砌體，混凝土砌塊砌體，配筋砌體、石砌體勁鋼（管）混凝土勁鋼（管）焊接、勁鋼（管）與鋼筋的連接，混凝土鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、栓接鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制作，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)涂裝2主體結(jié)構(gòu)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)模板，鋼筋，混凝土，預(yù)應(yīng)力、現(xiàn)澆結(jié)構(gòu)，裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)勁鋼（管）混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)勁鋼（管）焊接、螺栓連接、勁鋼（管）與鋼筋的連接，勁鋼（管）制作、安裝，混凝土砌體結(jié)構(gòu)磚砌體，混凝土小型空心砌塊砌

14、體、石砌體，填充墻砌體，配筋磚砌體鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接，緊固件 連接，鋼零部件加工，單層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝，多層及高層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)涂裝、鋼構(gòu)件組裝，鋼構(gòu)件預(yù)拼裝，鋼網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)安裝，壓型金屬板木結(jié)構(gòu)方木和原木結(jié)構(gòu)、膠合木結(jié)構(gòu)、輕型木結(jié)構(gòu)，木構(gòu)件防護(hù)網(wǎng)架和索膜結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)架制作、網(wǎng)架安裝，索膜安裝，網(wǎng)架防火、防腐涂料3建筑裝飾裝修地面整體面層：基層，水泥混張土面層，水泥砂漿面層，水磨石面層，防油滲面層，水泥鋼（鐵）屑面層，不發(fā)火（防爆的）面層；板塊面層：其層，磚面層（陶瓷錦磚、缸磚、陶瓷地磚和水泥花磚面層），大理石面層和花崗巖面層，預(yù)制板塊面層（預(yù)制水泥混凝土、水磨石板塊面層），料石面層（條石、塊石面層），塑料

15、板面層，活動(dòng)地板面層，地毯面層；木竹面層；基層、實(shí)木地板面層（條材、塊材面層），實(shí)木復(fù)合地板面層（條材、塊材面層），中密度（強(qiáng)化）復(fù)合地板面層（條材面層），竹地板面層抹灰一般抹灰，裝飾抹灰，清水砌體勾縫門窗木門窗制作與安裝，金屬門窗安裝，塑料門窗安裝，特種門安裝，門窗玻璃安裝吊頂暗龍骨吊頂，明龍骨吊頂輕質(zhì)隔墻板材隔墻、骨架隔墻、活動(dòng)隔墻、玻璃隔墻飾面板（磚）飾面板安裝，飾面磚粘貼幕墻玻璃幕墻，金屬幕墻，石材幕墻涂飾水性涂料涂飾，溶劑型涂料涂飾，美術(shù)涂飾裱糊與軟包裱糊、軟包細(xì)部櫥柜制作與安全，窗簾盒、窗臺(tái)板和暖氣罩制作與安裝，門窗套制作與安裝，護(hù)欄和扶手制作與安裝，花飾制作與安裝4建筑屋面卷材防

16、水屋面保溫層，找平層，卷材防水層，細(xì)部構(gòu)造涂膜防水屋面保溫層，找平層，涂膜防水層，細(xì)部構(gòu)造剛性防水屋面細(xì)石混凝土防水層，密封材料嵌縫，細(xì)部構(gòu)造瓦屋面平瓦屋面，波瓦屋面，油氈瓦屋面，金屬板屋面，細(xì)部構(gòu)造隔熱屋面架空屋面，蓄水屋面，種植屋面5建筑給水排水及采暖室內(nèi)給水系統(tǒng)給水管道及配件安裝、室內(nèi)消火栓系統(tǒng)安裝、給水設(shè)備安裝、管道防腐、絕熱室內(nèi)排水系統(tǒng)排水管道及配件安裝、雨水管道及配件安裝室內(nèi)熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)管道及配件安裝、輔助設(shè)備安裝、防腐、絕熱衛(wèi)生器具安裝衛(wèi)生器具安裝、衛(wèi)生器具給水配件安裝、衛(wèi)生器具排水管道安裝室內(nèi)采暖系統(tǒng)管道及配件安裝、輔助設(shè)備及散熱器安裝、金屬輻射板安裝、低溫?zé)崴匕遢椛洳膳到y(tǒng)

17、安裝、系統(tǒng)水壓試驗(yàn)及調(diào)試、防腐、絕熱室外給水管網(wǎng)給水管道安裝、消防水泵接合器及室外消火栓安裝、管溝及井室室外排水管網(wǎng)排水管道安裝、排水管溝與井池室外供熱管網(wǎng)管道及配件安裝、系統(tǒng)水壓試驗(yàn)及調(diào)試、防腐、絕熱建筑中水系統(tǒng)及游泳池系統(tǒng)建筑中水系統(tǒng)管道及輔助設(shè)備安裝、游泳池水系統(tǒng)安裝供熱鍋爐及輔助設(shè)備安裝鍋爐安裝、輔助設(shè)備及管道安裝、安全附件安裝、烘爐、煮爐和試運(yùn)行、換熱站安裝、防腐、絕熱6建筑電氣室外電氣架空線路及桿上電氣設(shè)備安裝，變壓器、箱式變電所安裝，成套配電柜、控制柜（屏、臺(tái)）和動(dòng)力、照明配電箱（盤）及控制柜安裝，電線、電纜導(dǎo)管和線槽敷設(shè)，電線、電纜穿管和線槽敷設(shè)，電纜頭制作、導(dǎo)線連接和線路電氣

18、試驗(yàn)，建筑物外部裝飾燈具、航空障礙標(biāo)志燈和庭院路燈安裝，建筑照明通電試運(yùn)行，接地裝置安裝變配電室變壓器、箱式變電所安裝，成套配電柜、控制柜（屏、臺(tái)）和動(dòng)力、照明配電箱（盤）安裝，裸母線、封閉母線、插接式母線安裝，電纜溝內(nèi)和電纜豎井內(nèi)電纜敷設(shè)，電纜頭制作、導(dǎo)線連接和線路電氣試驗(yàn)，接地裝置安裝，避雷引下線和變配電室接地干線敷設(shè)供電干線裸母線、封閉母線、插接式母線安裝，橋架安裝和橋架內(nèi)電纜敷設(shè)，電纜溝內(nèi)和電纜豎井內(nèi)電纜敷設(shè)，電線、電纜穿管和線槽敷線，電纜頭制作、導(dǎo)線連接和線路電氣試驗(yàn)電氣動(dòng)力成套配電柜、控制柜（屏、臺(tái)）和動(dòng)力、照明配電箱（盤）及安裝，低壓電動(dòng)機(jī)、電加熱器及電動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)檢查、接線，低壓

19、電氣動(dòng)力設(shè)備檢測(cè)、試驗(yàn)和空載試運(yùn)行，橋架安裝和橋架內(nèi)電纜敷設(shè)，電線、電纜導(dǎo)管和線槽敷設(shè)，電線、電纜穿管和線槽敷線，電纜頭制作、導(dǎo)線連接和線路電氣試驗(yàn)，插座、開關(guān)、風(fēng)扇安裝電氣照明安裝成套配電柜、控制柜（屏、臺(tái)）和動(dòng)力、照明配電箱（盤）安裝，電線、電纜導(dǎo)管和線槽敷設(shè)，電線、電纜導(dǎo)管和線槽敷線，槽板配線，鋼索配線，電纜頭制作、導(dǎo)線連接和線路電氣試驗(yàn)，普通燈具安裝，專用燈具安裝，插座、開關(guān)、風(fēng)扇安裝，建筑照明通電試運(yùn)行備用和不間斷電源安裝成套配電柜、控制柜（屏、臺(tái)）和動(dòng)力、照明配電箱（盤）安裝，柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組安裝，不間斷電源的其它功能單元安裝，裸母線、封閉母線、插接式母線安裝，電線、電纜導(dǎo)管和線槽敷設(shè)

20、，電線、電纜導(dǎo)管和線槽敷線，電纜頭制作、導(dǎo)線連接和線路電氣試驗(yàn)，接地裝置安裝防雷及接地安裝接地裝置安裝，避雷引下線和變配電室接地干線敷設(shè)，建筑物等電位連接，接閃器安裝7智能建筑通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)通信系統(tǒng)，衛(wèi)星及有線電視系統(tǒng)，公共廣播系統(tǒng)辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，信息平臺(tái)及辦公自動(dòng)化應(yīng)用軟件，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全系統(tǒng)建筑設(shè)備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)空調(diào)與通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，變配電系統(tǒng)，照明系統(tǒng)，給排水系統(tǒng)，熱源和熱交換系統(tǒng)，冷凍和冷卻系統(tǒng)，電梯和自動(dòng)扶梯系統(tǒng)，中央管理工作站與操作分站，子系統(tǒng)通信接口火災(zāi)報(bào)警及消防聯(lián)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)火災(zāi)和可燃?xì)怏w探測(cè)系統(tǒng)，火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)，消防聯(lián)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)安全防范系統(tǒng)電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，入侵報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，巡更系統(tǒng)，出入口控制（

21、門禁）系統(tǒng)，停車管理系統(tǒng)綜合布線系統(tǒng)纜線敷設(shè)和終接，機(jī)柜、機(jī)架、配線架的安裝，信息插座和光纜芯線終端的安裝智能化集成系統(tǒng)集成系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，信息安全，功能接口電源與接地智能建筑電源，防雷及接地環(huán)境空間環(huán)境，室內(nèi)空調(diào)環(huán)境，視覺照明環(huán)境，電磁環(huán)境住宅（小區(qū)）智能化系統(tǒng)火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警及消防聯(lián)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，安全防范系統(tǒng)（含電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、入侵報(bào)警系統(tǒng)、巡更系統(tǒng)、門禁系統(tǒng)、樓宇對(duì)講系統(tǒng)、住戶對(duì)講呼救系統(tǒng)、停車管理系統(tǒng)），物業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)（多表現(xiàn)場(chǎng)計(jì)量及與遠(yuǎn)程傳輸系統(tǒng)、建筑設(shè)備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、公共廣播系統(tǒng)、小區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及信息服務(wù)系統(tǒng)、物業(yè)辦共自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)），智能家庭信息平臺(tái)8通風(fēng)與空調(diào)送排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)管與配件制作；風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)安裝；

22、空氣處理設(shè)備安裝；部件制作；消聲設(shè)備制作與安裝，風(fēng)管與設(shè)備防腐；風(fēng)機(jī)安裝；系統(tǒng)調(diào)試防排煙系統(tǒng)風(fēng)管與配件制作；部件制作；風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)安裝；防、排煙風(fēng)口常閉正壓風(fēng)口與設(shè)備安裝；風(fēng)管與設(shè)備防腐；風(fēng)機(jī)安裝；系統(tǒng)調(diào)試除塵系統(tǒng)風(fēng)管與配件制作；部件制作；風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)安裝；除塵器與排污設(shè)備安裝；風(fēng)管與設(shè)備防腐；風(fēng)機(jī)安裝；系統(tǒng)調(diào)試空調(diào)風(fēng)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)管與配件制作；部件制作；風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)安裝，空氣處理設(shè)備安裝；消聲設(shè)備制作與安裝；風(fēng)管與設(shè)備防腐；風(fēng)機(jī)安裝；風(fēng)管與設(shè)備絕熱；系統(tǒng)調(diào)試凈化空調(diào)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)管與配件制作；部件制作；風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)安裝；空氣處理設(shè)備安裝；消聲設(shè)備制作與安裝；風(fēng)管與設(shè)備防腐；風(fēng)機(jī)安裝；風(fēng)管與設(shè)備絕熱；高效過濾器安裝；系統(tǒng)調(diào)試

23、制冷系統(tǒng)制冷機(jī)組安裝；制冷劑管道及配件安裝；制冷附屬設(shè)備安裝；管道及設(shè)備的防腐與絕熱；系統(tǒng)調(diào)試空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)管道冷熱（媒）水系統(tǒng)安裝；冷卻水系統(tǒng)安裝；冷凝水系統(tǒng)安裝；閥門及部件安裝；冷卻塔安裝；水泵及附屬設(shè)備安裝；管道與設(shè)備的防腐與絕熱；系統(tǒng)調(diào)試9電梯電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的曳引式或強(qiáng)制式電梯安裝工程設(shè)備進(jìn)場(chǎng)驗(yàn)收，土建交接檢驗(yàn)，驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)，導(dǎo)軌，門系統(tǒng)，轎廂，對(duì)重（平衡重），安全部件，懸掛裝置，隨行電纜，補(bǔ)償裝置，電氣裝置，整機(jī)安裝驗(yàn)收液壓電梯安裝工程設(shè)備進(jìn)場(chǎng)驗(yàn)收，土建交接檢驗(yàn)，液壓系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)軌，門系統(tǒng)，轎廂，平衡重，安全部件，懸掛裝置，隨行電纜，電氣裝置，整機(jī)安裝驗(yàn)收自動(dòng)扶梯、自動(dòng)人行道安裝工程設(shè)備進(jìn)場(chǎng)驗(yàn)收，土建

24、交接檢驗(yàn)，整機(jī)安裝驗(yàn)收建筑安裝工程質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)評(píng)定的分項(xiàng)、分部、單位工程的劃分為了便于工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢查，控制工序質(zhì)最，部位質(zhì)量，確保單位工程質(zhì)量，將建筑安裝工程劃分成分項(xiàng)、分部、單位工程進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)評(píng)定。(一)分項(xiàng)工程的劃分1一般按主要工種工程劃分。例如，砌石工程、砌磚工程、鋼筋工程、混凝土工程、油漆工程、玻璃工程、抹灰工程等；2多層或高層房屋工程中的主體分部工程，必須按樓層劃分分項(xiàng)工程；3單層房屋中的主體分部工程，按變形縫或軸線劃分分項(xiàng)工程；4除主體分部工程按樓層或變形縫劃分分項(xiàng)工程外，共他分部工程也可以按樓層段劃分分項(xiàng)工程。但對(duì)工程量較小的工程或按樓層劃分有困難時(shí)，也可不按樓層劃分分項(xiàng)工程。在

25、評(píng)定各分部工程時(shí)，其所含的分項(xiàng)工程均應(yīng)參加評(píng)定。(二)分部工程的劃分1分部工程是按建筑物或構(gòu)筑物的主要部位劃分的，如，地基與基礎(chǔ)工程、主體工程、地面與樓面工程、門窗工程、裝飾工程、屋面工程，建筑工程為六個(gè)分部工程。對(duì)于地下室工程，除將±0.00以下結(jié)構(gòu)及防水部分的分項(xiàng)工程劃分為地基與基礎(chǔ)分部外，其他分項(xiàng)工程，分別納入相應(yīng)的地面與樓面、裝飾和門窗等分部工程內(nèi)。2建筑工程各分部所包含的分項(xiàng)工程名稱：(1)地基與基礎(chǔ)工程：土方、爆破，灰土、砂、砂石和三合土地基，重錘夯實(shí)地基，強(qiáng)夯地基，擠密樁地基，振沖地基，旋噴地基，打(壓)樁，灌注樁，沉井和沉箱，地下連續(xù)墻，模板，鋼筋，混凝土，防水混凝土

26、，預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土，砌石，砌磚，水泥砂漿防水層，卷材防水層，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)螺拴連接，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制作，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)油漆，構(gòu)件安裝等分項(xiàng)工程。(2)主體工程；模板，鋼筋，混凝土，預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土，構(gòu)件安裝，砌石，砌磚。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)螺拴連接，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制作，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)油漆，本屋架制作，木屋架安裝，屋面木骨架等分項(xiàng)工程。(3)地面與樓面工程：地面基層，整體樓、地面，板塊樓地面，木質(zhì)板樓、地面等分項(xiàng)工程。(4)門窗工程：木門窗制作，木門窗安裝，鋼門窗安裝，鋁合金門窗安裝等分項(xiàng)工程。(5)裝飾工程：一般抹灰，裝飾抹灰，清水磚墻勾縫，油漆，刷(噴)漿。玻璃安裝，裱糊，飾面，罩面板及鋼木骨架，細(xì)木制品

27、，花飾安裝等分項(xiàng)工程。(6)屋面工程、屋面找平層，保溫(隔熱)層，卷材屋面，油膏嵌縫涂料屋面，細(xì)石混凝土屋面，平瓦屋面，薄鋼板屋面，波瓦屋面，水落管等分項(xiàng)工程。(三)建筑設(shè)備安裝工程分項(xiàng)、分部工程的劃分1分項(xiàng)工程劃分(1)一般應(yīng)按工種種類及設(shè)備組別等劃分。例如室內(nèi)給水管道安裝工程，配管及管內(nèi)穿線工程，通風(fēng)管及部件安裝工程，電梯導(dǎo)軌組裝工程等。(2)各分部工程中的分項(xiàng)工程可按系統(tǒng)、區(qū)段劃分。2分部工程劃分建筑設(shè)備安裝的分部工程按工程專業(yè)劃分為建筑采暖衛(wèi)生與煤氣工程，建筑電氣安裝工程，通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程，電梯安裝工程等分部。各分部工程所含的分項(xiàng)工程是：(1)建筑采暖衛(wèi)生與煤氣工程：室內(nèi)工程有給水管道安

28、裝，給水管道附件及衛(wèi)生器具給水配件安裝，給水附屬設(shè)備安裝，排水管道安裝，衛(wèi)生器皿安裝，采暖管道安裝，采暖散熱器及太陽能熱水器安裝，采暖附屆設(shè)備安裝，鍋爐附屬設(shè)備安裝，鍋爐附件安裝等分項(xiàng)工程。室外工程有給水管道支漿，排水管道安裝，供熱管道安裝，煤氣管道安裝，煤氣調(diào)壓裝置安裝工程等分項(xiàng)工程。(2)建筑電氣安裝工程：架空線路和桿上電氣設(shè)備安裝，電纜線路，配管及管內(nèi)穿線，瓷夾，瓷柱(珠)及電瓷瓶配線，護(hù)套線配線，槽板配線，照明配線用鋼索，硬母線安裝，滑接線和移動(dòng)式軟電纜安裝，電力變壓器安裝，高壓開關(guān)安裝，成套配電柜(盤)及動(dòng)力開關(guān)柜安裝，低壓電器安裝，電機(jī)的電氣檢查和接線，蓄電池安裝，電氣照明器具及配

29、電箱(盤)女裝，避雷針(網(wǎng))及接地裝置安裝等分項(xiàng)工程。(3)通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程：金屬風(fēng)管制作，硬聚氯乙烯風(fēng)管制作，部件制作，風(fēng)管及部件安裝，空氣處理室制作及安裝，消聲器制作及安裝，除塵器制作及安裝，通風(fēng)機(jī)安裝，制冷管道安裝，防腐與油漆，風(fēng)管及設(shè)備保溫，制冷管道保溫等分項(xiàng)工程。(4)電梯安裝工程：曳引裝置組裝，導(dǎo)軌組裝，轎箱與層門組裝，電氣裝置安裝，安全保護(hù)裝置，試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)等分項(xiàng)工程。(四)單位工程的劃分單位工程的劃分應(yīng)符合以下規(guī)定：1.建筑工程和建筑設(shè)備安裝工程共同組成一個(gè)單位工程，目的是突出建筑物整體工程質(zhì)量及使用功能。這就說明一個(gè)單位工程是由建筑工程的6個(gè)分部和連筑設(shè)備安裝工程的4個(gè)分布共同組成的

30、，10個(gè)分部工程均參加單他工程質(zhì)量評(píng)定，是缺一不可的。2.新(擴(kuò))建的居住小區(qū)和廠區(qū)內(nèi)單位工程的劃分：(1)小區(qū)和廠區(qū)內(nèi)室外給水、排水、供熱、煤氣等建筑采暖衛(wèi)生與煤氣工程組成一個(gè)單位工程。(2)小區(qū)和廠區(qū)內(nèi)室外架空線路、電纜線路、路燈等建筑電氣五裝工程組成一個(gè)單位工程。(3)小區(qū)和廠區(qū)內(nèi)道路、圍墻等建筑工程組成一個(gè)單位工程。specifies a method of screening method for the determination of fineness of starch this standard applies to dried into a powder of refine

31、d starch. 1, definitions and principles of fineness of starch: starch samples sample screening samples obtained by dividing the weight of the sieve. To sample by dividing the weight of the sieve the sample weight expressed as a percentage of the original weight. Principle: the samples with a sample

32、screen screening, get the sample by dividing the weight of the sieve. 2, instruments and scales: the precision of 0.1g. Sample screen: screen number 100. Step 3, analysis sample preparation: samples should be fully mixed. Sample volume: mix weighing the sample 50g, accurate to 0.1g, evenly pour the

33、sample sieve. Screening: shake the sample sieve evenly, until the screen down so far. Carefully pour out the sample sieve residue on weighing, accurate to 0.1g. Determination of the number: measured on the same sample twice. 4, the results of the calculation method applied to sample by sample sieve

34、weight expressed as a percentage of the original weight of the sample, as in the formula: x-sample size,%; MO-the original weight of the sample, g; Sift the ML-sample weight of residue on the sieve, g. Such as poor meets the requirements, take the arithmetic mean of the second determination as a res

35、ult. Results one decimal. 6.2 allowing differential analyst simultaneously or in quick succession for the second determination, the absolute valuemanipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays a

36、nd discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) a

37、re these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in

38、 the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control

39、 is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it