1、2018年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)真題完整版（第1套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Di rect ions: For th i s part, you are a I I owed 30 minutes to wr i te a short essay on the chai lenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Pai I 11Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)S

2、ect i on ADirections: In 11 i is section, you wi I I hear thiee news reports. At the end of each news report, you wi I I hear two or three quest i ons. Both the news report and then quest i ons wi I I be spoken on I y once - After you hear a quest ion, you must choose the best answer from the four c

3、hoices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the conesponding Ietter on Answer Sheet I with a single Ii ne thiough the cent i e.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) A man was pul led to safety after a bui Id ing co I I apse B) Abeam about ten feet long co I Iapsed to th

4、e gi oundC) A rescue worker got trapped i I I the basementD) A deserted 100-year-old bui Iding caugl it fi re2. A)He suffered a fata I i njury i n an accident B) He once se i ved i n a fi re department.C) He was co I Iect i ng buiId i ng mater i a Is.D) He moved i nto hi s neighbor八 old house.Questi

5、ons 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) hnprove the maths skills of high school teachers B) Change British peopIe1s negat i ve v i ew of mathsC) Help British people understand thei r paychecks.D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.4. A) Chi Idien take maths course

6、s at an ear Iier age B) Tl ie pub Iic sees the vaIue of maths i n the i r I ife.C) British peopIe know how to do eIementaiy calculationsD) Pr imary school teachers understand basic maths concepts Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He owns a fleet of a i rcraft B

7、) He i s leani ing to be a pi Iot.C) He regards h i s roya I dut i es as a burden.D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years6. A) He can demonst iate hi s super ior pi Iot ing skills.B) He can change his focus of attention and re I ax.C) He can show h i s d i fference from other royaIty.D) He can

8、come into closer contact with his peopIe 7. A) They e i i joyed h i s company8. They Iiked him in hi s i inifbnn.9. They rare Iy recogn i sed him10. They were surpr i sed to see him.Sect i on BDirections: In this section, you wi I I hear two Iong conversations. At the end of each conversation, you w

9、i I I hear four quest i ons. Both the conversat i on and the quest i ons wi I I be spoken on Iy once. After you hear a quest ion, you must choose the best answer f iom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the conespond i ng I etter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single I i ne th iough the

10、centre Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.& A) They were skilled carpenters themseIves.B) It d id ift need much capita I to start withC) Wood suppIy was pI ent ifi iI i n Roman i a.D) They saw a business oppoitiui ity there.9. A) Provide qua I ity fUmiture at aff

11、ordable pr icesB) Attract fore i gn i nvestment to expand bus i nessC) Enlarge thei r company by hiring more workersD) Open some more branch compan i es i n Gennany.10. A) TIi ey a i e from her hometown.B) TI iey are imported from Gennany.C) They a I I come from Roman i a D) They come from a I I ove

12、r the cont i nent.11 A) All across Europe B) TI i roughout the worId.C) Mostly i n BucharestD) In Roman i a on IyQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Go to a concert with him and his gi i if i iend.B) fry out a new resta i uant together i n townC) Go with him t

13、o choose a pear I for SusanD) Attend the opening of a I oca I restaurant13. A) It i s sponsored by I oca I restaurantsB) It speci a Ii zes i n food advert i s i ngC) It is espec i a I Iy popuI ar with the youngD) It prov i des i nfonnat ion on I oca I events14. A) TIi ey des i gn a specia I set of m

14、enus for themseIves.B) They treat themseIves to var i ous ente i I a imnentsC) They go to eat at d i fferent sty Ii sh resta i uantsD) They part i c i pate i n a var i ety of soc i a I event15. A) More restaurants wi I I join Restamant Week.B) This yearns Restamant Week wi I I stait soon C) Bigger d

15、i scounts wi I I be offered thi s Restai uant Week.D) More types of food wi I I be seived this Restaurant Week.Sect i on CDirections: In this section, you wi I I hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you wi I I hear th i ee or four quest i ons. Both the passage and the quest i ons wi I I

16、be spoken on Iy once After you hear a quest ion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), E), C) and D). Then mark the coiTesponding Ietter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single I ine thi ougIi the centre Questions 16 to 18 are based oiI the passage you have just heard.16. A) Rewar

17、d i ng them for eat i ng vegetab I esB) Expos i ng them to vegetabIes repeated IyC) Improv i ng the taste of vegetabIe d i shes for theD) Explaining the benefits of eat i ng vegetabIes to them.17. A) TIiey were d i sIi ked most by cli i Idien.B) They were considered most nutr itious.C) They were I e

18、ast used i n Belgian cook i ngD) They were essent i a I to chi Idren1s heaI th 18. A) VegetabIes differ in thei r nutr itionaI vaIue.B) Chi Idren" eating habits can be changedC) Parents watch closely what chi Idren eat.D) Chi IdreiTs choices of food vaiy gieatly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on

19、the passage you have just heard.19. A) Space exp Iorat i on has ser i ous consequencesB) India has many space exp Iorat i on programs.C) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.D) A Iot of garbage has been I eft on the moon 20. A) It is cost Iy to br i ng back.B) It is r i sky to dest i oyC) It

20、 i s of no use on Earth.D) It is damaged by radiation 21 A) Record deta i Is of space exp Iorat i on B) Monitor the change of Iunar weather.C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its mater i a IsD) Explore the possibiI ity of human sett Iement on the moon Questions 22 to 25 are based oiI the

21、 passage you have just heard.22. A) It i s likely to remain a means of business coimimnicat ion B) It i s I ikeIy to be a competitor of var ious messaging appsC) It will gradually be replaced by soc i a I med i a.D) It wi I I have to be governed by specif ic mles23. A) Save the message i n thei r fi

22、 Ie.B) Make a timely response.C) Examine the i i ifonnation caref i illy.D) See if any action needs to be taken.24. A) It is to be passed onC) It requ i i es no rep Iy.8) It is most Iy j i i nkD) It causes no concern.25. A) Make it as short as possibIeC) Adopt an i nfonnaI sty Ie of writing B) Use s

23、imple and cI ear IanguageD) Avoid us i ng capita Is for emphas i s.Part HIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Sect i on ADirections： In this sect i on, there i s a passage with ten b I anks You are requ i red to select one word for each bIank fiom a list of choices given in a word bank fol lowingthe pa

24、ssage Read the passage 11uough carefi illy before mak i ng your choices - Each choice i n the bank i s identified by a Ietter. Please mark the conespond i i i g Ietter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single I i ne 11 i rough the centre. You may not use any of the words i n the bank more than

25、once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the fol lowing passage.A few months ago, I was down with a tenible co I d wh i ch ended with a pers i stent bad cougl i.QNo matter how many different 26 I tried, I still couldn t get r id of the cougl i. Not only did it 27 my teacIi i ng but also my Ii fe as a wh

26、o Ie. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Ch i nese med i c i ne From her descr i pt i on, Ch i nese med i c i ne soiuided as i f it had magic power that worked wonders; I was 29 about it because I knew so I ittIe about it and have never tr ied it before EventuaI Iy,

27、 my cougli got so much 30 that I couldn、sIeep at night, so I decided to give i t a t i y The Ch i nese doctor took my puIse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new 31 to me because they are both non-ex i stent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scrapp i ng (SJ) treatment known

28、 as 'Glia Sha I was a little 32 at f i rst because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skill on my neck a i id shouIders. A few minutes Iater, the 33 strokes stalled to produce are Ii ev i ng effect and my body and mind began to 34deeper i nto relaxation.I didn't fee I any improvement

29、i n my condition i n the f i rst coup Ie of days, but after a few more reguI ar visits to the doctor, my cough started to 35 then, within amatter of weeks, it was comp IeteIy gone!A) deepenE) IessenB) exper i encesF) I icensesC) hesitantG) press i uedD) i nconven i enceH) recommendedI) remed iesJ) s

30、ea ledK) sens it i veL) s i nkM) temporaryN) trembIe0) worseSect i on BDi rections: In thi s sect ion, you a ie going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement conta i ns i nfonnat i on given i n one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from wh ich the i nfon i i at i on

31、i s der i ved. You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph i s marked with a Ietter. Answer the quest i ons by marki ng the conespond i ng I etter on Answer Sheet 2.Is it real Iy OK toeat food that1s fallen on the floor?A When you drop a piece of food onthe fIoorf is it real ly OK to ea

32、t you pick it up within fiveseconds? An urban food myth contendsthat if food spends just a few seconds oi I the flooi ; d i rtand genus won11 have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my Iab has focused on howfood becomes contami nated, and we've done some work on th i s paiI icular p

33、 i ece of wi sdom.B WI i i Ie the "five-second ni Ie" migl it not seem I ike the mostpress i ng i ssue for food sc ient i ststo get to the bottom。千、 it1 s still worth i nvest i gat i ng foodmytIi s I i ke th i s one because theyshape ou i * be I i efs about when food i s safe to eat.C So i

34、 s 彳丁 ve seconds on the floor the cr itical 11i ieshold(門檻)that separates a pieceof eatabIe food from a case of food po i son i ng? It's a b i t more comp I icated than that. It depends on just how many bacter ia can make it from fIoor to food in a few seconds and just how di rty the f I oor i s

35、.D Wonder i ng i f food is still OK to eat after it's di opped oi I the floor i s a pretty common exper i ence - And it's probab ly not a new one either. A we I I -known, but i naccurate, story about Julia Cl i i Id may have cont i ibuted to thi s food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show,

36、 The French Clief insist they saw Child di op Iamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were a long i n the ki tchen, thei i* guests wouId never know.E I I I fact it was a potato pancake, and it feI I on the stovetop, not on the floor. Cl i i Id put it back i I I the pa i n, say

37、 i ng. But you can a I ways pick it up and i f you're a I one i n the kitchen, who's going to see it?” But the mi sremembered stoiy pers i sts. TVs harder to p i n down the origins of the oft quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men s i uveyed were

38、fami Ii ar with the five-second mle and that women were more I i kely than men to eat food that had d iopped on the fIoor.F So what does science teI I us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The ear I i est research report on the five-second n i I e i s att i i bu

39、ted to Jillian Clarke, a high schooI student participating in are search apprentices! i ip at the University of Illinois. CIarke and her col leagues inoculated fIoor tiles with bacter ia then pIaced food on the tiles for va i y i ng t imes. TI i ey reported bacter i a were transfe i Ted fiom the til

40、e to gi unmy bears and cook i es within f ive seconds, but dicing report the specif ic amount of bacter ia that made it from the ti Ie to the food G But how much bacter i a actua I I y transfer i n five seconds? I n 2007, my lab at Clemson University pub Ii shed a st i i dy-the on Iy peer-rev i ewed

41、 journaI paper on th i s topic-in the JournaI of AppIi ed Microbiology. We wanted to know i f the I ength of time food i s i I I contact with a contaminated su iface affected the rate of transfer of bacter i a to the food. To find out, we i nocuIated squa i es of tile, ca i pet or wood with SaImoneI

42、 I a. Five minutes after that, we placed either bo Iogna or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the amo i mt of bacter i a transfened to the food. We repeated th i s exact protocoI after the bacter i a had been on the smface for two, four, eight and 24 hours.H We foiuid t

43、hat the number of bacter ia transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated sui iace whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overa I I amount of bacter ia on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after

44、 the initial i nocu I at i on. 11 I ooks I i ke what1 s at i ssue i s less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacter i a that patch of f I oor happens to be.seemwithwithI We a I so found that the ki nd of surface made a d ifference as well. Ca i pets, for insta

45、nce, to be slightly better p I aces to d i op your food than wood or tile. When ca i pet was i nocu I atedSaImoneI I a, I ess than 1% of the bacter i a were transfened. But when the food was i n contacttile or wood, 48%-70%of J Last year, a study 數(shù)） to our study andbacter i a transfe i Ted.from Asto

46、n Un i vers i ty iI I the UK used near Iy i dent i caI parametersfound s i i n i I a i- results test i ngcontact times of thiee and 30seconds on simi lar si ufaces They a I so reported thathave eaten food droppedon the floor.（參87% of people asked either would eat orfood safety standpoint, you have m

47、i I IionsK Should you eat food fa I Ien on the f Ioor then? From aor more bacter i a on a surface, 0. 1% i s still enough to make you s ick. Also, certa i n types of bacter ia are ext i eme Iy hannf i i I and it takes only a sma I I number to make you sick For examp Iet 10 bacter i a or I ess of an

48、especial ly dead I y stra i n of bacter ia can cause severe i I I ness and death i n peopIe with compromi sed i nui nuie systems. But the chance of these bacter i a bei ng on most smfaces i s ve i y I ow.L And / Vs not just dropp i ng food on the floor that can I ead to bacter i a I contami nat i on

49、. Bacter i a are earned by var ious umed ia J which can i ncIude raw food, moi st surfaces where bacter ia has been left, our hands or skill and from coughing or sneez ing. Hands, foods and utens i I s can caiTy i nd i v i duaI bacter i a I cel Is, colonies of cells or cells I i v i ng i I I communi

50、ties conta i ned within a protect i ve film that prov i de protection. TIi ese microscop i c Iayers of depos i ts conta i n i ng bacter i a are known as biofi Ims and they are found on most suifaces and objects. Biofi I in communit ies can harbor bacter i a Ionger and are ve i y difficult to cIean.

51、Bacter i a i I I these communities a I so have an enhanced res i stance to sanitizers and ant i b i ot i cs compared to bacter i a Ii v i ng on the i r own.M So the next time you consider eating dropped food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat that morse I and not get sick. But i n the rare

52、 chance that here i s a microorgan i sm that can make you s i ck on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure the bug i s on the food you are about to put i n your mouth.N Research or common sense tells us that the best th i ng to do i s to keep your hands and other smfaces cIean

53、 36. A research project found bacter i a made the i r way to the food on the fIoor i n f i ve seconds 37. Wl iether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacter ia that get onto it.38. Food contami nat i on may resu11 from var i ous factors other than food d iopp ing on the fIoor.39. Ma

54、 Ies are I ess Ii keIy than females to eat food that may have been contaminated 40. The author's research center around how food gets contaminated.41. Keep i ng eve i yth i ng cIean i s the best way to stay heaI thy.42. Chances are you wi I I not fa I I s i ck because of eat i ng food p i eked u

55、p from the floor.43. For a Iong time peopIe have had the exper ience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44. Some st i a i ns of bacter i a are so hannf i i I 11 i at a t i ny few can have dead Iy consequences 45. - Researcher fotu i d how many bacter i a get onto the foo

56、d d i d not have much to do with how long the food stayed oi I a contaminated fIoor.Sect i on CDirections:There are 2 passagesi n th i ssect ion. Each passage i s fol lowed by some quest ions orluifinisli edstatements For eachof themthere aie four choices marked A),E) , C) andD) . Youshould decide o

57、n thebest choice and mark the conesponding Ietter onAnswerSheet 2 witha singleIi ne 11i rougl i thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50are basedon thefol lowing passage.The I atest i n cat researchreveaIsthat the IoveIy animal seems to have a bas ic giasp onboth the laws of physics and thei ns andou

58、ts of cause and effect.According to a newly pub I i shed study, cats seem to be able to predict the locat ion of hidingprey (1 日物)using both thei i* ears and an inborn (大王啊) imderstanding of how the physical worId worksI n a recent exper i merit, Japanese researchers taped 30 domest ic cats react i ng to a conta i nerthat a team member shook Some conta i ners rattIed（發(fā)出響聲）,others did not.