1、 高二英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期 涂雅第十五章虛擬語(yǔ)氣 第一、二、三課時(shí)一、 學(xué)情分析虛擬語(yǔ)氣在高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中占了很重的比例，各個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)也會(huì)或多或少地與虛擬語(yǔ)氣相關(guān)聯(lián)，比如定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句等都會(huì)涉及到虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。但學(xué)生對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法一直處于很困惑的狀態(tài)，無(wú)法理解為什么虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)和陳述語(yǔ)氣不一樣，分不清什么情況下該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，什么情況下不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)于更復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的情況更是無(wú)從把握，因此，本章節(jié)會(huì)根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況，對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的講解和有效的訓(xùn)練，力爭(zhēng)讓學(xué)生明確虛擬語(yǔ)氣的正確用法。二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 知識(shí)與技能A 了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣的種類及構(gòu)成；B 學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件句中的用法；C 能夠

2、正確判斷可以使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。2. 過(guò)程與方法A 對(duì)比法B 演示法C 圖解法3. 情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀A 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的規(guī)范語(yǔ)言表達(dá)；B 讓學(xué)生體會(huì)語(yǔ)言的靈活多變。C 增強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣；D 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的合作意識(shí)。三、 教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)1. 三種時(shí)態(tài)下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的使用；四、 滲透法制教育五、 教學(xué)過(guò)程Before class:(先學(xué)任務(wù)) 1、 Fill in the blank.情況條件從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be一般用were)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/

3、might+have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反1) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2) should+動(dòng)詞原形3) were to+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形2. Try to finish the following exercises.(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)1) If she _ (be) hungry, she would eat the bread.2) If he had been here yesterday evening, he _ (come) to attend the meeting.3) If I were you, I _(buy) the typewr

4、iter.4) I wish I _ (be) ten years younger.5) Its time that the peasants _ (get in ) the crops.References: 1.were 2.would have come 3.would buy 4.were 5.got inDuring class:Step1: lead in 1. Check students assignment and introduce what they will learn in this class.2. Show the sentences and pictures o

5、n the PPT.1) If I were a superman, I would save the whole world.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)2)- Why didnt you shout for help when you were robbed for your watch? -If I had opened my mouth, they would have found my four gold teeth.(對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬)3) If it rained this afternoon, the football match would be put off.(對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬)Step

6、2: 條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were），主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形；If I were tired, I would have a rest.If you were in my place, you would do the same thing.2、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：從句用had+過(guò)去分詞，主句用would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞；If he had set out earlier, he would have caught the early bus.If

7、 she had taken my advice, she wouldnt have failed.3、與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反：從句用1）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；2）should+動(dòng)詞原形；3）were to+動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形；If I should have time tomorrow, I would go to the Shanghai Library.If he were to come here this evening, we would invite him to attend the English evening.If it rain

8、ed this afternoon, the football match would be put off.二、運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，須注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：(1) 有時(shí)虛擬條件句中主、從句的動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，須區(qū)別對(duì)待。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)使工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過(guò)我

9、們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。(2) 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有 were, should, had 時(shí)，if 可省略，而將 were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we wo

10、uld send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。(3) 有時(shí)句子沒(méi)有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過(guò)上下文或其他方式來(lái)判斷。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本該來(lái)看你了，然而我太忙了。

11、But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。(5) 有時(shí)虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你應(yīng)該會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試了。省略主句If I were at hom

12、e now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。當(dāng)堂導(dǎo)練一：改正下列句中的錯(cuò)誤。1. If he were there, he would have helped me.2. If it wasnt so late, I would telephone them.3. If he would come tomorrow, I would show him around our school.4. If I was you, I would not take part in the parade.5. If she came yeste

13、rday, she would have had supper with us.References: 1.were-had been 2.wasnt-werent 3.would-should 4.was-were 5.came-had comeStep3: 目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為： should + 動(dòng)詞原形。并且 should 不能省略;She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come

14、in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說(shuō)話的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefull

15、y in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。Step4: 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1) 在 even if, even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與 if 所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來(lái)也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世

16、也救不了他。(2) 在though, although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為 should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 盡管他是書(shū)記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。Step5: 方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：

17、表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前had + 過(guò)去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后would / could / might / should+原形動(dòng)詞例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他們開(kāi)始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋?lái)就好像他們已相互認(rèn)識(shí)很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來(lái)了。Step6: 原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣amazed, angry, annoyed, ast

18、onished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動(dòng)詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái))。如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生氣，你竟然對(duì)他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。 should + 完成

19、式, 指過(guò)去。如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃驚，父親竟知道我昨天所作的事情。 Step7: 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1英語(yǔ)中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(堅(jiān)決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建

20、議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 原形動(dòng)詞。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Tom ins

21、isted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 湯姆堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等動(dòng)詞的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：should + 原形動(dòng)詞。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine tha

22、t he should take the first place in the long jump contest?  你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3. 英語(yǔ)中，wish之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前  (1) had + 過(guò)去分詞；  (2) would / could / might / should + have + 過(guò)去分詞與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后would

23、/ could / might / should + 原形動(dòng)詞例如：I wish she were not married. 我真希望她沒(méi)結(jié)婚。I wish the bus went to the university. 我希望公共汽車能通到大學(xué)。I wish I hadnt wasted so much money. 但愿我沒(méi)浪費(fèi)這么多錢。注意:從句的時(shí)態(tài)只與從句所指的時(shí)間有關(guān)，而與 wish 的時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)關(guān)。比較：I wish I were rich. 要是我現(xiàn)在有錢就好了。I wish I had been rich. 要

24、是那時(shí)我有錢就好了。I wished I were rich. 當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己沒(méi)有錢。I wished I had been rich. 當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己曾經(jīng)沒(méi)有錢。4. 英語(yǔ)中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去had + 過(guò)去分詞；現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were )將來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were )例如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過(guò)了這

25、場(chǎng)電影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。Step8: 主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)其的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不限。句型：(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing

26、 / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural.that.(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder.that.(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that.(4) It worries me that.如：It

27、is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟沒(méi)有來(lái)。It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。Step9: 表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice, desir

28、e, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)而后面接表語(yǔ)從句或它們后面接同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從表面上看幾屗及同位語(yǔ)從句都須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should)  + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求老師的幫助。He told us his id

29、ea that he should go to university. 他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建議就是我們的工作要更細(xì)心些。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他們的計(jì)劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。Step10: 定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中，表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about)

30、 time that + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式/ should + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。Step11: 簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. 說(shuō)話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語(yǔ)常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might / should + 原形動(dòng)詞。如：Would you mind my shutting the door

31、?  我把門關(guān)起來(lái)你介意嗎？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。I should agree with you. 我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。2. 習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(1) 提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來(lái)跟我們聊天好嗎？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎？(2) 陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法。如：I should glad to

32、meet you. 見(jiàn)到你我會(huì)很高興。I would try my best to help you. 我會(huì)盡力幫助你。(3) 提出勸告或建議。如：Youd better ask your father first. 你最好先問(wèn)一問(wèn)你的父親。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。(4) 提出問(wèn)題。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來(lái)嗎？Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會(huì)

33、告訴我們真相嗎？(5) 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。如：You should have got here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。You should have returned it to him. 你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。當(dāng)堂導(dǎo)練二：改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤。1. Some people suggest she goes to the concert with her younger sister.2. Its strange that you spoke like that at the meetin

34、g.3. My demand is that we must get more people to do the work.4. Mary got up early so that she would catch the first trolley-bus.5. How I wish I attended the meeting yesterday.6. Its a pity that I have forgotten to tell you the goo news.7. Its time that you will graduate from the middle school.8. I

35、requested that the teacher would give an answer to the question.9. Its ordered that we will start the attack before dawn.10. Would anyone call, please take a massage.References:1.goes-(should) go 2.spoke-should speak 3.must-should 4.would-could/might 5.attended-had attended 6.have forgotten-should have forgotten 7.will graduate-graduated 8.would give-should give/give 9.will start-(should) start 10. Would-ShouldAfter class：Step5: 自輔落實(shí)用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式填空。1