1、Unit 4 Business TravelDecoding Training : Discourse Analysis（語篇分析）（語篇分析）Interpreting is to “understand and make understood”. To interpret the speech, one must first understand the message of the speech. However, comprehension（理解）of the source discourse goes beyond the simple recognition of words and

2、 linguistic structures. The interpreter shall make an analysis of the source discourse. More importantly, the interpreter shall identify（識別）（識別）the speech type and know how to identify the main ideas of the original speeches.Identification of the Speech Types Speeches are diversified serving differe

3、nt occasions and purposes. It will be of great help to the interpreters if they know the speakers style. In most cases, speeches are prepared beforehand. Therefore, a study of the different types of writing helps an interpreter identify the main idea of a given speech. The following are the basic ty

4、pes of writing. 1. Descriptive WritingDescriptive（描述性的）writing involves a great deal of detailed information. A descriptive discussion aimed at providing details of an event, a scene, a procedure, or a situation. This speech type demands a thorough background investigation of the speaker and the rel

5、evant situation by the interpreter.2. Narrative WritingNarrative（敘述性的）writing focuses on the development of events. There is no doubt that the interpreter should be very sensitive to dates, time phrases, and verb tenses when a narrative speech is dealt with.3. Expositive Writing Expositive（說明性的）writ

6、ing deals with its subject matter in such orders as chronological, spatial, comparison, and definition. It would be to the advantage of the interpreter to conduct a background investigation of the speaker and the situation, for that would provide the interpreter with not only the necessary glossary

7、but also the speakers standpoint（立場）.4. Persuasive Writing Persuasive（勸說性的）writers always want to make their arguments clear, strong and convincing. When the purpose is to convince, writers of persuasive writing mainly employ two techniques - induction（歸納）（歸納）and deduction（推論）（推論）. Inductive writing

8、 starts with specific examples or points to draw a general conclusion, while deductive writing illustrates its thesis at first and then supports and reinforces the thesis through specific examples or subordinate ideas. Identification of the Main Ideas In the context of interpreting, the main ideas o

9、f the source speech can be identified at the sentence level and at the discourse level. Priority should always be attached to identifying the main idea at the sentence level. We argue that identification of main ideas be done on the basis of sentences. Training in identifying the main ideas in inter

10、preting should naturally take place first at the sentence level. Sentence LevelThe most important task for an interpreter to identify the main ideas at the sentence level is to discern (洞悉洞悉） the subject, verb and object (SVO). It is highly significant for the interpreter to catch the SVO of the sen

11、tence while listening to the source text, as the SVO usually carries the major information of the sentence. For example, when listening to “The best way to carry money while traveling is to have a major credit card”, the interpreter is expected to catch “The best way is to have a credit card.” If th

12、e interpreter is able to catch the SVO of the sentence, he will produce a complete sentence with the major information in the target language. Discourse LevelThere are also some skills an interpreter might employ on different occasions for grasping the gist（要點(diǎn)）of a speech at the discourse level. In

13、a well-organized speech, the speaker usually explains his point in the first few sentences. Therefore, one of the ways to get the main idea of a speech is to attach priority to the beginning of the speech. Secondly, if the interpreter encounters a speech that is inductively(歸納地) constructed, the int

14、erpreter should, to the best of their ability, conduct a study of the speakers background and viewpoints so that they can follow the speakers logical guidelines.Phrases Interpreting： English to Chinese Have a population ofCover an area ofDate back toHave a history ofBe situated inThe gross domestic

15、productDrive-in restaurantQuarantine certificateDuration of stayResidence permit Have a population of 有人口Cover an area of有面積Date back to 追溯到Have a history of有年的歷史Be situated in位于The gross domestic product國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值Drive-in restaurant免下車餐廳 Quarantine certificate衛(wèi)生證明Duration of stay居留期限 Residence permit居住

16、證Chinese to English 日程安排旅行路線起飛時間機(jī)場大樓候機(jī)室貴賓室 問訊處安全檢查免稅店個人物品 日程安排 schedule旅行路線 itinerary起飛時間 departure time機(jī)場大樓 terminal building候機(jī)室 departure lounge 貴賓室 VIP Room問訊處 information desk 安全檢查 security check免稅店 duty-free shop個人物品 personal effectsSentences Interpreting ：I believe youre going out of your way

17、for us.2. Wouldnt you like to spend an extra day or two here?3. Im afraid that wont be possible, much as wed like to.4. I wonder if it is possible to arrange shopping for us.5. I will keep you posted.我相信這是對我們的特殊照顧了。你們不愿意在這兒多待一兩天嗎？ 盡管我們很想這樣做，但恐怕不行了。 我想能否為我們安排一點(diǎn)時間購物。 我會與你保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。 我特地為你們安排，確保你們在北京的逗留愉快。如果

18、你們感到方便的話，我想現(xiàn)在討論一下日程安排的問題。我們的活動在晚上也安排滿了嗎？我們已很順利地把活動日程安排好了。這是我們?yōu)槟愫湍愕呐笥褦M定的活動日程安排。請過目一下，好嗎？Ive come to make sure that your stay in Beijing is a pleasant one.Let discuss your schedule, if it is convenient for you right now. So our evenings will be quite full then? Weve arranged our schedule without any t

19、rouble.Here is a copy of the itinerary we have worked out for you and your friends. Would you please have a look at it?Encoding (Message Reconstructing)Ladies and Gentlemen: I am extraordinarily happy to have witnessed this signing ceremony today because it symbolizes, for me, exactly the type of co

20、operation that we need, which is a cooperative endeavor which will bring in more investment and lead to more cooperation. On behalf of the foreign guests attending this workshop, let me say a most sincere “ thank you” for your warm and gracious welcome. 女士們，先生們：我非常高興能參加這個簽字儀式，對我來說，它象征著我們之間所需要的友好合作，而

21、這種共同的努力將帶給我們更大的投資和更多的合作。本人謹(jǐn)代表所有參與此次研討會的外國人員，對你們熱烈而親切的歡迎表示最誠摯的謝意。From the little Ive seen in the short time when Ive been here, Id have to say China is a very beautiful country and your people are very friendly. I know that I can speak for everyone when I say that, from the moment when we arrived at

22、the airport, there have been many helpful and considerate people to take care of all the little things that make the difference between an hectic (very busy) and a relaxing trip. The accommodations you have provided are very comfortable and the setting for this workshop is relaxed, yet businesslike.

23、從我抵此的短暫時間所見的點(diǎn)滴來看。我必須說中國是個很美的國家，人民也非常友善。我知道我可以代表每一個人來說這話，因?yàn)閺牡竭_(dá)機(jī)場那一刻開始，就有許多能干且考慮周到的人來處理我們的各種瑣碎事情，使得整個緊張的旅程變得輕松愉快，你們提供的食宿非常舒適，研討會場的布置也輕松合適，但又井然有序。We are all glad to be here to participate in this workshop on computer technology. Weve all read about the phenomenal (remarkable非凡的) success with computers

24、in China and weve all seen the numbers on how healthy the industry is here, and now we get the opportunity for a closer look. I know we have a lot to learn from your experience here in China, and hope our experience will be helpful to you here too. 我們?nèi)w都很高興來此參加這次電腦科技研討會，我們都閱讀過有關(guān)中國電腦非凡成就的報(bào)道，我們也都看到足以證

25、明這一工業(yè)在中國健全發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)，現(xiàn)在我們有了做更仔細(xì)觀察的機(jī)會，我知道我們可以從你們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)到很多，也希望我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對你們能有所裨益。This is an exciting time for the computer industry worldwide, and we are excited to have the opportunity to participate in this workshop. Thank you for the invitation and the warm reception. 對全世界電腦工作者而言，這是令人興奮的時科，我們很高興能有這個機(jī)會來參加此次研

26、討會，謝謝你們的邀請和熱情接待。Field Interpretingseminar 研討會go on a business trip 出差a corporate card 公司信用卡application form 申請表 maximum 最高限額personal items 私人用品Receipts 收據(jù)a frequent flyer card 飛行積分卡 Jean: Hey Kyle, guess what! The boss is sending me to the West coast for a marketing seminar next month.Interpreter: 嗨

27、，你猜怎么著！老板下月要我去先參加一個市場營銷研討會。Kyle: 啊哈，你肯定很高興。你想出差都想好幾個月了。Interpreter: Ah hah, you must be happy. Youve been itching to go on a business trip for months.Jean: Yeah, and he said therell be more coming up, so I should get a corporate card .The problem is, I dont know how to proceed, and I didnt want the

28、boss to know that. Can you fill me in?Interpreter:是的，他說以后還有很多。所以我應(yīng)該有一張公司信用卡。但問題是我不知道如何申請，而且不想讓老板知道，你能告訴我嗎？Kyle: 當(dāng)然了，沒問題。首先去找秘書，告訴她你要去哪兒？什么時候去？她會通過我們的旅行代理為你安排交通和酒店，并在幾天內(nèi)給你旅程表。同時問她要一張信用卡申請表。Interpreter: Sure, no problem. First, go and see the secretary and tell her where youre going and when. Shell ar

29、range for transportation and hotel through our travel agent, and give you the itinerary in a few days. At the same time, ask her for an application form for the card.Jean: Will I use the card for everything?Interpreter:一切費(fèi)用都要用那張卡嗎？Kyle: 不，我們和一些主要航空公司和酒店都有公司信用協(xié)議。這次旅行你也許只會用它來吃飯。但并不是所有的飯店都接受這一信用卡。你也許要付現(xiàn)金。Interpreter: No，we have company credit arrangements with some major airlines and hotels.