1、人教版必修一各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit One Friendship一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. go through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受get through 通過(guò)；完成；接通電話2. set down 記下，放下3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 為了6. at dusk 傍晚，黃昏時(shí)刻7. face to face 面對(duì)面8. fall in love 愛(ài)上9. join in 參加（某個(gè)活動(dòng)）；take part in 參加（活動(dòng)）join 加入（組織，團(tuán)隊(duì)，并成為其中一員）10. calm down 冷靜下來(lái)11. suffer from

2、遭受12. be/get tired of對(duì)感到厭倦13. be concerned about 關(guān)心14. get on/along well with 與相處融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅長(zhǎng)于16. find it + adj. to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是17. no Ion ger / nota ny Ion ger 不再18. too much太多（后接不可數(shù) n.）much too太（后接adj.）19. not until直到 才20. it 's no pleasure doing sth 做 并不開(kāi)心21. make sb. sth.

3、 使某人成為make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、語(yǔ)法 - 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)概念：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句且不要加引號(hào)。例： Mr. Black said, “ I' m busy. ”Mr. Black said that he was busy.變化規(guī)則（一）陳述句的變化規(guī)則直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞 that （可省略）引導(dǎo)，從句 中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。人稱的變化一一人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思例: 1. He s

4、aid, “I like it very much. ” He said that he liked it verymuch.2. He said to me, “I 'v left my book in your room. ” He told me that he had left his book in my room.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)例:“I don ' t want to set down a series of facts in a di

5、ary, ” said Anne. Anne said that she didn ' t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “ I' m using a knife. ” The boy said that he was using a knife.注意：如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變，如：He said, “Light travels much faster tha n sound.”He said that light travels much faster tha

6、n sound.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thisthatthesethosenowthe nagobefore/earliertodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe n ext/follow ing daythe day after tomorrowIn two day ' s timecomegoheretherethe day before yesterdaytwo days before/earlier（二）祈使句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的

7、不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order 等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句是 否定句，在不定式前面還要加上 not。例：The hostess said to us,“Please sit down. ”f The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, “Don ' t make so much noise, boys. ”f He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑問(wèn)句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，句末用句號(hào)。一般疑問(wèn)句：如果直接引語(yǔ)是一

8、般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí)，要改為ask或asked,原問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例：“ Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2） 特殊疑問(wèn)句：如果間接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的引 導(dǎo)詞，但疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍洹＠骸?What do you want? ” he asked me.f He asked me what I

9、wan tedUnit two English around the world一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. be differe nt from與不同be the same as 與一樣2. one another 相互，彼此（ =each other ）3. official language 官方語(yǔ)言4. at the end of 在結(jié)束時(shí)5. because of 因?yàn)椋ê蠼用~或名詞性短語(yǔ)）because 因?yàn)椋ê蠼泳渥樱?. native speakers 說(shuō)母語(yǔ)的人7. be based on 根據(jù)，依據(jù)8. at present 目前；當(dāng)今9. especially 特別，尤其speci

10、ally 專門地10. make use of 利用make the best of 充分利用11. a large number of 大量的，很多（作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)） the number of 的數(shù)量（作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact事實(shí)上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as 沒(méi)有這樣的事15. be expected to 被期待做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of 列

11、清單18. included 包括（前面接包括的對(duì)象） Including 包括（后接包括的對(duì)象）19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事command + that 從句(從句用 should+V 原)20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request + that 從句 (從句用 should+V 原)二、語(yǔ)法 英語(yǔ)中的命令( command )語(yǔ)氣和請(qǐng)求 (request) 語(yǔ)氣命令語(yǔ)氣 ：表示直接命令某人做某事，語(yǔ)氣比較重，不怎么禮貌，一般用于上級(jí) 對(duì)下級(jí)例：1. “ Look at the example ”, the t

12、eacher said to us.2. Open the window!請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣 ：表示請(qǐng)求某人做某事，語(yǔ)氣比較緩和，非常禮貌例：1. “ Would you like to see my flat? ” She asked.2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. travel 泛指旅行journey 指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)距離的陸上旅行voyage 指長(zhǎng)距離的水上旅行，也可以指乘飛機(jī)旅行trip 常指短時(shí)間短距離的旅行tour 指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to 更加喜歡，寧愿prefer A to B

13、 比起B(yǎng)，更喜歡 Aprefer doing to doing比起做，寧愿做prefer to do rather than do與其做，不口3. flow through 流過(guò)，流經(jīng)4. ever since 自從5. persuade sb. to do sth. 說(shuō)服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜歡7. insist on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事insist + that 從句（用 should+ V 原）8. care about 關(guān)心9. change one 's mind 改變想法10. altitude 高度attitude 態(tài)度，看法11. make up

14、one 's mind to do 下定決心做某事= decide to do = make a decision to do12. give in 讓步，屈服give up 放棄13. be surprised to 對(duì)感到驚奇to one ' s surprise 令某人驚訝的是14. at last = finally = in the end 最終15. stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一樣17. so that 如此 以至于So + adj + a/an + n. + thatSuch + a/an

15、+adj. + n. + that18. be familiar with對(duì)熟悉（人作主語(yǔ)）be familiar to 為所熟悉（物作主語(yǔ)）二、語(yǔ)法 :現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)， 表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表 將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞有： come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.例：1. I' m coming. 我就來(lái)2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下個(gè)星期天做什么？3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekon

16、g River.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你將沿湄公河旅行4. Where are you staying at night? 你們晚上待在哪里 /Unit four Earthquakes 一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. right away 立刻，馬上（ = at once = in no time ）2. asleep 睡著的；熟睡地（ fall asleep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if看來(lái)好像；似乎4. in ruins 成為廢墟5. the number of的數(shù)量（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）a number of 大量（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）6. rescue

17、workers 營(yíng)救人員Come to one 's rescue 營(yíng)救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間how often 多久，指平率how soon 還要多久（用于將來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)中，用 in+ 時(shí)間段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)的10. dig out 挖出11. shake 泛指“動(dòng)搖，震動(dòng)” ,常指左右、上下動(dòng)搖，也可以指人“震驚，顫抖”例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him.2. She was shaken with anger.quake 指較強(qiáng)烈的震動(dòng)，如

18、地震例: The building quaked on its foundationTremble 指人由于寒冷、恐懼、不安等引起的身體的抖動(dòng)或聲音的顫抖例：Sudde nly I saw her lips beg in to tremble and tears beg in to flow down her cheeks.Shiver 多指寒冷引起的顫抖、哆嗦例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise （rose risen） vi, 上升；升起， 無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； give rise to 引起Raise （raised rais

19、ed ） vt, 舉起；籌集；養(yǎng)育Arise （ arose arisen）vt, 出現(xiàn)（常指問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象）13. injure 常指因意外事故造成的損傷，也可以指感情上名譽(yù)上的傷害例：He was injured in a car accident.harm 泛指“傷害，損害” ，既可以指有生命的，也可以指無(wú)生命的例： 1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.2. His business was harmed for some reason.hurt 既可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害例： 1. She hurt her

20、 leg when she fell.2. He felt hurt at your word.wound 一般指槍傷、刀傷等在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受的傷例： The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for= make preparations for 為做準(zhǔn)備15. in one ' s honor向表示敬意；為紀(jì)念Be/ feel honored to do 做感到很榮幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech 發(fā)言opening speech 開(kāi)幕詞17. give/ provide shelter to 向提

21、供庇護(hù)所seek shelter from 躲避18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，發(fā)生happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧happen 指偶然發(fā)生take place 指事先計(jì)劃好的事情發(fā)生二、語(yǔ)法 定語(yǔ)從句概念 ：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。 成分 ：先行詞，即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞； 關(guān)系代詞： that ，which ，who（ 賓格為 whom, 所有格為 whose） ；或者關(guān)系副詞 where ，when ，why 等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起著連接主從句的作 用。1. 關(guān)系代詞 that 的用法關(guān)系代詞

22、 that 在定語(yǔ)從句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主語(yǔ)，也能做賓語(yǔ)例：1) A plane is a machine that can fly.( 指物，作主語(yǔ))2) The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. ( 指物，作賓語(yǔ) )3) Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主語(yǔ))4) The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim ' s sister,(指人，作賓語(yǔ))2. 關(guān)系代詞 which 的用法關(guān)系代詞 which 在定語(yǔ)從句中

23、只能指物，但既可以做賓語(yǔ)也能作主語(yǔ)例： 1 )They planted some trees which didn ' t need much water. ( 作 主語(yǔ))2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語(yǔ))3. 關(guān)系代詞 who ， whom 的用法關(guān)系代詞 who,whom 只能指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)例： 1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.( 作主語(yǔ))2)The person to whom you just t

24、alked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語(yǔ))、4. 關(guān)系代詞 whose 在的用法關(guān)系代詞 whose 為關(guān)系代詞 who 的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可 以是物， whose 和它所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中既可以做主語(yǔ)也可以做賓 語(yǔ)。例： 1 )This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主語(yǔ) )2) The room whose window faces south is mine. ( 指物，作主語(yǔ) )3) He has written a book whose name I '

25、ve forgotten. ( 指物，作 賓語(yǔ))5. 關(guān)系副詞 when 的用法關(guān)系副詞 when 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例： 1 )I' ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?6. 關(guān)系副詞 where 在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法關(guān)系副詞 where 在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)例：1) This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn 't very clean.7. 關(guān)系副詞 why 在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法關(guān)系副詞 why 在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)例: 1). I didn 't get a pay rise, but this wasn 't the reason why(= for which) I left.2). The reason why (=for which) he h