1、英語邏輯關系要清晰：一 并列關系 coordinating relationand : conj.和，與；就；而且；但是；然后granted, et, but, yet, onlyor: conj. 或， 或者； 還是 either, ossiaand also:neither .nor:either.or:not only.but also:along with:沿（順）著；連同一起；與一道;隨 同起thai is to say:as well as:也；和一樣；不但而且as well as除之外；既as well as.除as well as everything 以及一切in the s

2、ame way:同樣土也；以同樣的方式二.遞進關系also: adv.也；而且；同樣conj.并且；另外than: conj.比（用于形容詞、副詞的比較級之后）；除外（用于other等之后）;與其（用于rather等之后）；就（用于no sooner等之后）prep, kt；超過additionally: adv.此外；又,加之in addition:另外，此外furthermore: adv.此外；而且and furthermore 而且furthermore 而 jjlmoreover furthermore 而 冃moreover-furthermore 進一步說furthermore

3、ad.而且moreover而且；此夕卜furthermore ad.而且，進一步說moreover, furthermore ilmoreover adv.而且；此外what is more 而且what is even more 甚至更多what is more important 更重要的是and what is more 而且indeed adv.的確；實在；真正地；甚至int.真的（表示驚訝、懷疑、諷刺等）.accordingly 于是 indeed 的確 surely 無疑.apart from遠離，除之外；且不說；缺少besides adv.此外；而且prep.除之外and bes

4、ides 更何況aside from除以夕卜aside from 除aside from hands 除手以外apart/aside from 除了三、引出新對象about： prep.關于；大約adj.在附近的；四處走動的；在起作用的 adv.大約；周圍；到處n.大致；粗枝大葉；不拘小節(jié)的人 concerning prep.關于；就而言v.涉及； 使關心（concern的ing形式）；憂慮 regarding prep.關于，至于就.而言with regard to adv. 關于； 至于 as for關于，至于 asto至于，關于；就而論in terms of依據;按照;在方面;以措詞四，

5、因果關系because of adv.因為；由于since conj.因為；由丁-；既然；自以來；自以后 prep.自以來；自以后adv.后來for prep.為，為了；因為；給；對于；至于；適合 于conj.因為as ad.同樣地，像prep.當做conj.當之時，像一樣，因為thus adv.因此；從而;這樣；如此conj.因此so ad.如此，如是，如那樣conj.所以，門此,所以hence adv.此；今后therefore adv.因此；所以consequently adv.因此；結果；所以accordingly adv.因此,于是；相應地;照著due to adv.山于；應歸于th

6、anks to 由于，幸虧in the light of根據，按照；當作however, in the light of the new development, we have rein forced our security systems in all our airports,in response to響應；回答；對有反應allergies are abnormal reactions of the immune system in response to otherwise harmless substanceson account of由于；因為；為了的緣故".on a

7、ccount of the number of pine trees that grow in the gorge of the mountain in which it is situated.given adj.贈予的；沉溺的prep.考慮到v.給予（give的過去分詞）given that假定；只要是；已知；考慮到considering prep.考慮到；就而論conj.考慮到v.考慮到(consider的ing形式)seeing that鑒于，由于；因為"people are now seeing that they can actually make a business

8、from supplying this vaccine and getting out to the very rural areas where there is a market for this.11in that 因為；由于;既然 in respect that 因為 in group that以便in order that以便；為了；目的在于a united nations report says water availability in that area is the second lowest in the world, after africanow that 既然；由于

9、the f.c.c.chairman also wants to extend all six principles to wireless carriers now that their pho nes access the in ter net.as a result of adv.因此，由于;作為的結果for the reason 由于；因為owing to 由于， 因為it's a supposition that whatever the object of theory might be, - theory itself must- owing to whatever in

10、tellectual constraints one can imagibe of such and such a formin view of adv.鑒于；考慮到 in the view of根據的觀點by(in) virtue of 由于,憑借on grounds of以為理由;根據the supreme court later overturned the ruling on grounds of mistaken identityas a consequenee 因此，結果i think all those goals are still possible, but i think

11、that as a con sequence to the war on iraq, we took our eye off the ball.as a consequence of因此；由于的結果we have got an enormous amount of work to do, and people down in the gulf, particularly businesses, are still sufferi ng as a con sequence of this disaster.11五、轉折關系but conj.但是；而是；然而adv.僅僅，只prep.除以外howe

12、ver adv.無論如何；不管怎樣conj.然而；可是yet adv.還；但是；己經conj.但是；然而instead of代替；不是而是rather than而不是；寧可也不愿on the contrary 反之by contrast相比之下；與之相比unfortunately adv.不幸地六. 讓步although conj.雖然，盡管though adv.可是，雖然；不過；然而conj.雖然； 盡管prep.但even though雖然，即使even 訐 though 縱然even if/though 即使；盡管even though/if 即使；盡管nevertheless adv.

13、然而，不過；雖然如此conj.然而，不過despite prep.盡管，不管n.輕視；憎恨；侮辱 in spite of盡管；不管,不顧anyway adv.無論如何，不管怎樣；總之 notwithstanding adv.盡管，仍然prep.盡管，雖然conj.雖然"how can we empower our preside nt and the congress and the government to start to move the country forward, notwithstanding the differences we have," as co

14、nj.因為；隨著；雖然；依照；當時prep.如同；當作；以的身份adv.同樣地；和樣的while conj.雖然；然而；當的時候n. 一會兒；一段時間vt.消磨；輕松地度過七比較關系like vt.喜歡；想；愿意vi.喜歡；希望prep.像;如同adj.同樣的;相似的n.愛好；同樣的人或物adv.可能conj.好像unlike adj.不同的，不相似的prep.和不同，不像by prep.通過；被；依據；經由；在附近；在之前adv.通過；經過；附近；口俄羅斯in contrast與此柑反；比較起來whereas conj.然而；鑒于；反之八.表時間關系whe n when everbefore

15、 prep.在之前，先于adv.以前；在前conj.在以前；在之前after adv.后來，以后prep.在之后conj.在之后adj.以后的after all畢竟;終究go after追求，追逐ever after從此以后一直after hours adv.下班；工作完畢后 subsequentlyprep.在之丿舌in theback ofadj.以后fl勺 succeeding since conj.因為；由于；既然；自以來；自以 后prep.自以來；自以后adv.后來meanwhile conj.因為；山于；既然；自以來；自以后prep.自以來;自以后adv.后來 in the mea

16、ntime在此期間；于此際九、條件if conj.（表條件）如果；即使；是否；（表假設）假如n.條件；設想only if只要就；只是在的時候if only只要；要是多好in case of萬一；如果發(fā)生；假設 unlessconj.除非，如果不prep.除之外 as i on g as 只要； 和樣長suppose that 假如i supposing that conj.假如；不妨去吧v.假使；讓;猜想（suppose的ing形式） but for conj.要不是；如果沒有 failing n.失敗；缺點，過失；弱點prep.如果沒有adj.失敗的v.失敗；不及格（fail的ing形式）十、例such as比如；諸如forexamplen.例子；榜樣vt.作為的例了；為做岀榜樣vi.舉例 for instancen.實例；情況；建議vt.舉為例 of these 這些amongprep.在中間；在之中to illustrate說明顯示like to take an example to take sth for