1、Section Grammar一二一、寫出句中的合成詞的詞性,并寫出其在句中所作的成分1.I received a long-distance call. 2.Passers-by should respect the traffic rules. 3.My brother is really hard-working. 4.They greeted us warm-heartedly. 5.Someone is asking for you on the phone. 6.No smoking during take-off. 形容詞;定語 名詞;主語 形容詞;表語 副詞;狀語 代詞;主語

2、名詞;介詞的賓語 一二二、填入合適的冠詞1.I saw film last night. film is interesting.2. F(f)armers are hard-working all the year round.3. elephant is stronger than horse.4. sun is bigger than moon.5.The eggs were sold by dozen.6. wounded were brought to hospital.7. deaf can go to this special school.a The / The/An the/

3、a The the the The / The 一二8.The little girl who is having lunch likes playingpiano.9.I think water is kind of food.10.We made her monitor of our class.11.He went to college last year.12.The Yellow River is second longest river in China.13.Bell is said to have invented telephone./ the / a / / the the

4、 GrammarCompound words & The definite article and zero article一、合成詞:把兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫合成,這種詞叫合成詞(compound words),也稱復(fù)合詞。He found a lot of passers-by were grown-ups.他發(fā)現(xiàn)許多過路人是成年人。考點(diǎn)延伸1)常用合成名詞組成方式He has five sons-in-law,and they are all doctors working in the same hospital.他有五個女婿,他們都是在同一個醫(yī)院工作的醫(yī)

5、生。組成方式:名詞+介詞+名詞After numerous experiments,doctors have made a breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.經(jīng)過無數(shù)次的實(shí)驗(yàn),醫(yī)生在治療癌癥方面取得了突破。組成方式:動詞+副詞歸納拓展:(1)名詞+名詞:spaceship(宇宙飛船)(2)動詞-ing形式+名詞:reading-room(閱覽室)(3)形容詞+名詞:high-speed(高速)(4)動詞+名詞:pickpocket(扒手)(5)動詞+副詞:break-up(終止)(6)名詞+動詞-ing形式:handwriting(書法)(7)副詞

6、+動詞:outbreak(發(fā)生)(8)名詞+介詞+名詞:daughter-in-law(兒媳)(9)介詞+名詞:by-product(副產(chǎn)品)2)常見合成形容詞組成方式,合成形容詞中若含有名詞,名詞只能用單數(shù)。My English teacher is very hard-working.She is often seen working in her office far into the night.我的英語老師非常勤奮。經(jīng)常有人看見她在辦公室里工作到深夜。組成方式:副詞+動詞-ing形式Finding Hu Jin not appear that night,Li Fang was he

7、art-broken.獲悉胡進(jìn)那天不露面,李芳傷心至極。組成方式:名詞+過去分詞Many students joined in the 800-metre-long race in the sports meeting to be held next week.許多學(xué)生報(bào)名參加將于下周舉辦的運(yùn)動會的800米長跑比賽。組成方式:數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was a three-hour journey.到達(dá)游樂園花了我們很長的時間,是一段三個小時的旅程。組成方式:數(shù)詞+名詞歸納拓展:

8、(1)形容詞+動詞-ing形式:ordinary-looking(相貌平平的)(2)形容詞+名詞的-ed形式:warm-hearted(熱心腸的)(3)副詞+動詞的過去分詞:well-known(著名的)(4)副詞+動詞-ing形式:hard-working(努力工作的)(5)名詞+動詞-ing形式:peace-loving(熱愛和平的)(6)名詞+動詞的過去分詞:man-made(人造的)(7)名詞+形容詞:duty-free(免費(fèi)的)(8)數(shù)詞+名詞的-ed形式:three-legged(三條腿的)(9)數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞:hundred-metre-long(百米長的)(10)形容詞+形

9、容詞:dark-blue(深藍(lán)色的)(11)形容詞+名詞:second-hand(二手的)(12)特殊的、不常見的復(fù)合形容詞:never-to-be-forgotten(忘不了的)3)常見合成副詞因?yàn)闊釔鄞笞匀?我爺爺大部分時間都待在戶外。My grandfather spends most of his time because he loves nature.我到處找不到我丟失的表。I couldnt find my lost watch .outdoors everywhere 4)常見合成代詞作主語時,謂語常用單數(shù)。使她感到困擾的是她無法用自己掙的錢想買什么就買什么。What trou

10、bles her is that she cant buy she wants with the money she earns. 這位老婦人是在火災(zāi)中唯一遇難的人,其他所有的人都被消防隊(duì)員救了。The old lady was the only person that died in the fire.else was rescued by the firemen.whatever Everyone 二、冠詞分為定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an。在某些場合也有不用冠詞的情況。The woman you told me about yesterday seems to be here now.你

11、昨天和我談起的那個女子好像現(xiàn)在就在這里。考點(diǎn)延伸1)不定冠詞的用法:a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞,an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞(不是元音字母);a/an和the本身不能獨(dú)立作句子成分,只能與名詞連用,主要用來說明限定的名詞處于泛指還是特指狀態(tài)。寫出下列句子的冠詞并翻譯。泛指人或事物的類別,相當(dāng)于any。A bike is very useful in the countryside.翻譯:自行車在鄉(xiāng)間作用很大。泛指某人某物。An old man is sitting on the chair.翻譯:一位老人正坐在椅子上。表示one或every的意義。Take this medicine twic

12、e a day.翻譯:一天服這種藥兩次。并列的兩個單數(shù)名詞表示一個概念,第二個名詞前的不定冠詞a(an)可以省去。A teacher and writer will give a lecture.翻譯:一個老師兼作家將做演講。2)定冠詞的用法:定冠詞的最基本的用法是用于特指某人或某物。表示特定或上文已經(jīng)提到過的人或物。I have bought a book.The book is for my brother.翻譯:我買了一本書。這本書是給我弟弟買的。表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西。The earth is much smaller than the sun.翻譯:地球比太陽小得多。用于最高級、序

13、數(shù)詞或特指兩個中的一個的形容詞前。(2015陜西高考)The more learned a man is,the more modest he usually becomes.翻譯:一個人知識越淵博,通常他越謙虛。用于普通名詞前作專有名詞使用,或用在江、河、湖、海、山川等名詞前面。The Peoples Republic of China翻譯:中華人民共和國用于西洋樂器前面。Peter is playing the violin.翻譯:彼得在拉小提琴。11用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前面表示一家人。The Browns are cleaning their new house.翻譯:布朗一家在打掃他們的新房

14、。12用在形容詞或過去分詞前,表示一類人。They took the injured to the hospital at once.翻譯:他們把受傷的人立刻送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。13用于一些固定詞組中,表示“方位、時間”等。in the east/west/north/south of翻譯:在東/西/北/南部on the left/right翻譯:在左/右邊in the morning/afternoon/evening翻譯:在早上/下午/晚上14表示“某個年代”。in the 1860s/in the 1860s翻譯:在19世紀(jì)60年代15表示一個國家或民族的全體人員。the Chinese翻譯:中

15、國人民the Welsh翻譯:威爾士人16在發(fā)明物前。The wheel is a very useful invention.翻譯:車輪是非常有用的發(fā)明。3)零冠詞的用法:漢譯英17人名、地名等專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞及抽象名詞前。眾所周知,知識就是力量。翻譯:It is well known that knowledge is power.注意:表示“一種;一類;一個”或是被限定時,可以加冠詞。A Mr Wang wants to see you.有一位王先生想見您。18表示“季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、學(xué)科”的名詞前(有修飾語除外)。我們從星期一到星期五都上課。翻譯:We go to sch

16、ool from Monday to Friday.19三餐、球類等娛樂運(yùn)動名稱前。你吃早飯了嗎?翻譯:Have you had breakfast yet?在業(yè)余時間我喜歡打籃球。翻譯:I like playing basketball in my spare time.20在與by連用的短語中,一般不使用冠詞,因?yàn)楸硎痉绞交蚍椒ǘ蔷唧w的工具。如:by car/bus/bike/plane/air/sea/land 可以乘大眾汽車到那里。翻譯:It is possible to get there by bus.21可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指或類別時。孩子們喜歡(做)游戲。翻譯:Chil

17、dren love games.22動作turn作系動詞使用,表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,一般不用冠詞。什么也不能使我背叛我的祖國。翻譯:Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country.23稱呼官銜職位詞(作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)足語)前。士兵們把這個美國人帶到李將軍那里。翻譯:The guards took the American to General Lee.24可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格等修飾或限定時,一般不用冠詞。這本書很貴。翻譯:This book is very expensive.參考答案:1)a;the2)the

18、;a 3)Life is like ocean:Only strong-willed can reach the other shore.4)The paper is due next month,and Im working seven days week,often long into night.5)I cant tell you way to the Wilsons because we dont have Wilson here in the village.6)They chose Tom to be captain of the team because they knew he was smart leader.7) village where I was born has grown into town.8)Animals are