1、英文寫作基礎(chǔ)動詞文章是山句子組成的。每一個句子都少不了謂語。而擔(dān)任謂語的是動詞。對于一個很活 躍的動詞，我們應(yīng)該掌握以下幾個方面：%1. 準(zhǔn)確的讀音和拼寫聽得懂，說得出是寫作的基礎(chǔ)。只有掌握了正確讀音，才能做到這一點。只有正確的拼 寫才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地傳達信息。太多的拼寫錯誤會影響廿面表達的得分。%1. 基木意義%1. 常用英它意義除了基本意義之外，這些詞在其它語境中還會有不同的意義，有自己的使用范疇。因此, 只掌握基本意義是不夠的。%1. 常見搭配我們所說的搭配，不僅包括動詞與介詞、副詞的搭配，而且包括少名詞搭配的意義。以 動詞make為例。make的基本意義是"制作”，而make b

2、eds意思是"整理床鋪”,make use of意思是"利丿冃”,make money掙錢，make a fortune:"發(fā)財”，make faces "做鬼臉”等等。%1. 過去式與過去分詞在書面表達屮很少用到一般現(xiàn)在時，除非是表示規(guī)律性和反復(fù)發(fā)牛的動作，當(dāng)涉及時態(tài) 時，就會川到動詞的過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞等形式。因此，熟練掌握一些常用不規(guī)則 動詞的過去式和過去分詞是非常必要的。這里，我們?yōu)橥瑢W(xué)們列出書面表達屮經(jīng)常使丿ij的一 些動詞的形式。為了記憶方便，將它們分成aaa, abb, a ab, aba和abc五種形式。 一個字母代表一種形式。a

3、aa:cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, readabb:bend - bent - bentbring - brought - broughtbuild - built - builtburn 一 burnt - burntbuy 一 bought - boughtcatch - caught 一 caughtdeal - dealt 一 dealtfeed-fed 一 fedibcl 一 felt 一 feltfight一fought 一 foughtfind - found - foundget - got - gotha

4、ng - hung - hung （掛）have-had - hadhear - heard - heardhide一hid - hidhold - held - heldkeep - kept - keptlay 一 laid 一 laidlead 一 led 一 ledleave - left 一 leftlend - lent 一 lentlight 一 lit 一 litlose 一 lost - lostmake - made - mademean - meant 一 meantmeet - met - metpay 一 paid - paidsay - said 一 saidsel

5、l - sold - soldsend - sent 一 sentshine 一 shone 一 shoneshoot 一 shot -shotsit 一 sat - satsleep 一 slept 一 sleptspend 一 spent 一 spentstand 一 stood 一 stoodstick 一 stuck 一 stucksweep 一 swept - sweptteach 一 taught 一 taughttell 一 told - toldthink - thought - thoughtunderstand - understood - understoodwin 一

6、won 一 wona ab:beat 一 beat 一 beatenaba:become 一 became 一 becomecome 一 came - comerun - ran - runabc:bear 一 bore - bombegin 一 began 一 begunbite - bit 一 bittenblow - blew - blownbreak 一 broke - brokendo - did 一 donedraw 一 drew 一 drawndrink 一 drank 一 drunkdrive 一 drove 一 drivencat 一 ate - eatenfall - fo

7、il - fallenfly 一 flew - flownforbid 一 forbade - forbidden give 一 gave - given freeze 一 froze 一 frozen grow - grew - grown lie - lay - lain ring 一 rang - rung see 一 saw - seen sing 一 sang - sung speak 一 spoke 一 spoken swear - swore 一 sworn take - took - taken throw 一 threw - thrown wear 一 wore - worn

8、forgive 一 forgave - forgiven forget 一 forgot 一 forgotten go 一 went 一 gone know - knew 一 known ride - rode - ridden rise - rose - risen shake 一 shook - shaken sink 一 sank 一 sunk steal 一 stole 一 stolen swim - swam - swum tear一 tore - torn wake 一 woke - woken write - wrote 一 written%1. 及物動詞與不及物動詞英語動詞分為

9、及物動詞和不及物動詞。這一點與中文差別較大。表達同樣的意思時，中 文可以接賓語，而英文卻不行，需要更換另一個及物動詞，或接介詞。這種現(xiàn)象是很常見的。 如：arrive(vi.) / reach( vt.): when did you reach the top of the mountain?when did you arrive at the top of the mountain?sit / seat: he is sitting in the sofa.he seated himself in the sofa. / he is seated in the sofa.lie / lay:

10、 he was lying in bedhe laid himself in bed.rise / raise: the prices keep rising.i raised my voice but still couldift make myself heardlisten / hear:i asked him to listen to me carefully.listen! someone is knocking at the door.but i carf t hear anythinglook / see: wc looked at each other and smiledth

11、en i saw something strange.此外，常用不及物動詞:come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about), speak (to)(speak english 除夕卜),talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (t

12、o), rush, wait (for), worry (about)%1. 后接賓語的形式在及物動詞中，有些示而要求接不定式作賓語，有些要求接動詞的-ing形式。要分類 記憶。ve + to doi. wish to do3. promise to do5. refuse to do7. expect to do9. fail to doii. plan to do13 ought to do15. used to do/be used to do17. would like to do19. so as to do21. make up one's mind to do23 be

13、going to do25 happen to do27. be thought/believed /said /reported to dov. + doing1. enjoy doing3. avoid doing5. practise doing2. hope to do4. decide to do6. agree to do& manage to do10. prefer to do12 want to do14. have to do16. seem to do1& in order to do20. set out to do22. it takes sb som

14、e time to do24. be about to do26. pretend to do/to have done/to be doing28 have no choice but to do2. risk doing4. keep doing6. suggest doing / sb.fs doing / that sb. (should) do7. miss doing9. allow / permit doing11. resist doing13. mind doing / sb/s doing / if sb. do14. imagine doing八.瞬時動詞& fi

15、nish doing10. delay doing12. consider doing15. deny doing有些動作瞬間發(fā)生,不能延續(xù)。如：die, begin, start, join, enter, arrive, borrow, lend, buy, marry等等。i have arrived in beijing for two days. ( x )i have been in beijing for two days. ( 7 )how long may i borrow the book? ( x )how long may i keep the book? ( v )t

16、hey have married for ten years. ( x )they have been married for ten years(j )the film has begun for ten minutes. ( x )the film has been on for ten minutes(j )how long have you bought the tv set? ( x ) how long have you had the tv set? ( v ) the writer has died for 2 years. ( x )the writer has been d

17、ead for 2 years. ( v ) 以take為例：i. 基木意思為：“拿走、帶走還有“花時間、占據(jù)、乘交通工具”等多種意義。不規(guī)則 動詞，過去式是took,過去分詞為takeno1 don't forget to your raincoat with you when you go out. (帶走)2. he was taken away by the police.(被動)3. fm sorry i took your bicycle by mistake.(拿)4. 11 took us three hours to do the operation.(花h寸|、uj

18、)5. if you my advice, you'll have no trouble doing it.(采納)6. don't everything in the newspaper for granted. (ia為)7.1 like the red blouse. v11 it.(買)& when are you taking your driving test?(參力u)9. why not - a taxi?(乘)10. take the medicine three times a day.(服藥)11. 與某些名詞連用,表示這個動作。take a look = to looktake a rest / (ta