1、grammar and usagedirect speech and reported speech &reported speech: statements, questions and imperative sentences look at the following sentences:tom: what are you going to do this summer holiday?amy: i am going to travel to beijing with my parents.now try to answer:what did amy say?amy said t

2、hat she was going to travel to beijing with her parents. what is the difference between direct speech and reported speech?direct speech is to report what exactly has been said while reported speech or indirect speech is to report what has been said without using exact words.how can we change direct

3、speech into reported speech?we can change direct speech into reported speech by using an object clause or an infinitive phrase.for example:he said, im used to such embarrassing comments.he said that he was used to such embarrassing comments.we must not give up in the face of pressure! she said.she e

4、ncouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.besides the major changes in sentence structure, there are also changes in: personal pronouns tenses adverbials of time and place other casespersonal pronouns:she said, i did some research.she said that she had done some research.ann said, i have f

5、inished this letter.ann said that she had finished that letter.direct speechreported speechsimple presentsimple pastsimple futurefuture in the pastsimple pastpast perfecthow to change the tenses:direct speechreported speechpresent continuous past continuouspresent perfectpast perfectpast perfectpast

6、 perfectlight travels at a great speed, said ms li. ms li said that light travels at a great speed.tips:we do not change the tense when we report a proverb or a fact that doesnt change over time.adverbials of time and place:e.g. tom said, i am working here today. tom said he was working there that d

7、ay.the following table shows other examples:direct speechreported speechtodaytomorrowyesterdaynext montha week agothat day/yesterday, etc.the next day/the following day, etc.the day before/ the previous day, etc.the month after/the following montha week before/ a week earlier, etc.other cases:some m

8、ore examples of the changes:direct speechreported speechthisthesecomethatthosegoread the advertisement and complete the letter on page 9.answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _waswould behad readthatwouldhad boughtthatwouldthoseherreported speech: statements, questions and imperativ

9、e sentences1. statements we use noun clauses introduced by that to report statements. the word that can be omitted.e.g. she said (that) advertisements were almost everywhere nowadays.there are more reporting verbs other than say and tell:advise explain insist promiseannounce suggest warne.g. the wri

10、te explained that psas were often run for free.we use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report yes/no questions.e.g. matt asked ann, does jason deserve this ward? matt asked ann whether/if jason deserved this award.2. questionswe use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to report wh-questions.

11、e.g. where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad? bill asked. bill asked where i had found the advertisements for jobs abroad.3. imperative sentences to report imperative sentences, we can use the structure: reporting verb + object +(not) + to infinitivee.g. the candidate said to the manag

12、er, please give me five minutes for preparation. the candidate asked the manager to give him five minutes for preparation. there are other verbs that can be used in this structure to report imperative sentences:advise encourage invite recommend warne.g. dont believe every advertisement you read, mic

13、helle said to me. michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement i read.總總 結結1. 如果直接引語是一個陳述句，變成間接如果直接引語是一個陳述句，變成間接 引語時用引語時用that引導，有時也可省略。引導，有時也可省略。 e.g. she said, father, the boy is very naughty now. she told her father (that) the boy was very naughty then.2. 如果直接引語是客觀真理，變為間如果直接引語是客觀真理，變為間 接

14、引語時，時態不變。接引語時，時態不變。 e.g. light travels much faster than sound, she said to me yesterday. she told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound.3. 如果直接引語中有明確表示過去的如果直接引語中有明確表示過去的 時間狀語，在變為間接引語時，一時間狀語，在變為間接引語時，一 般過去時不必變為過去完成時。般過去時不必變為過去完成時。 e.g. he said, the great inventor was born in 188

15、4. he told me that the great inventor was born in 1884.4. 如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變為間如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變為間 接引語時用接引語時用whether/if 引導，且用陳述引導，且用陳述 句語序。句語序。 e.g. she asked me, are you the happiest person in your family? she asked me whether/if i was the happiest person in my family.5. 如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變為間接如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變為間接

16、引語時，仍用該特殊疑問詞，用陳述句引語時，仍用該特殊疑問詞，用陳述句 語序。語序。 e.g. she asked me, when will the advertisements be on air? she asked me when the advertisements would be on air.6. 轉述祈使句時使用該結構轉述祈使句時使用該結構: 轉述轉述 動詞動詞(ask/ tell/ order/ advise/ remind/ warn/ insist/ suggest/ invite/ encourage) +賓語賓語+ (not) to do e.g. go and se

17、e a doctor after class, my teacher said to me. my teacher advised me to go and see a doctor after class.read part a on page 11 and practise reporting questions using whether/if or wh-words.answers:2. wang qin _ _.3. lu kai _ _.asked how it could help him remember english words.asked whether/if it ta

18、ught listening and speaking 4. liu fang _ _ _.5. gu jin _ _.asked what the designerwould do if she was not satisfiedwith the softwareasked whether/if it was easyto useread the advertising tips on page 11 and report each of them to your boss.answers:2. the expert encourages us to _.3. the expert reco

19、mmends that _.use interesting and attractive photoswe (should) use eye-catching logos4. the expert suggests that _ _ _.5. the expert tells us to _ _.we (should)make the slogans short and easymake good useof colours to attract peoples attentionto remember選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. my classmate

20、asked me _.a. had i seen the film three days ago b. had i seen the film three days beforec. if i had seen the film three days ago d. whether i had seen the film three days before2. he asked me _ with me.a. what the matter is b. what the matter was c. what is the matter d. what was the matter3. my fr

21、iend really didnt know _ to help the dying boy.a. what he could do b. how could he doc. whether he can do d. what can he did4. shelly asked andy _ water the flowers while she was away.a. didnt forget to b. dont forget toc. not to forget to d. not forget to5. she exclaimed (驚呼驚呼) _.a. what a difficult task it wasb. what it was a difficult task c. what difficult task it wasd. what task it w