1、簡單句句子成分都由單詞或短語擔任，且只有一個主謂結構的句子叫做簡單句。初中階段我們需要重點掌握簡單句的六種基本句型及其主要用法。一、s + v（主語不及物動詞）這種句型簡稱為主謂結構。不及物動詞是指那些本身意義已完整，后面不需要接賓語的動詞，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：did you go by sea？你們走的是海路嗎？no, we flew. 不，我們是坐飛機去的。有時，不及物動詞后面會跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語。如：why dont you come at once when i call you? 我叫你時，你為什么不馬上來

2、？【練習導航】. 根據漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。1. 他在聽。   he _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好嗎？did you _ _ last night?3. 這場雨持續了兩個小時。   the rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物總是變化的。   things always _.5. 他來中國的夢想實現了。   his dream to china _ _ _.  . 單項選擇(  )6. an mp5 player of this type costs t

3、oo much. youd better _. a. wait   b. waiting   c. waited   d. to wait(  )7. it _ outside. i have to stay at home.a. rain        b. is raining   c. rained    d. has rained(  )8

4、. did you watch the basketball match yesterday?yes, i did. my uncle _ in the match.    a. is playing  b. was playing  c. has played  d. will play(  )9. what did your father say just now?sorry, i dont know. i _ on the phone.a. am talking  b.

5、 talk    c. was talking  d. have talked (  )10. you _ first and i _ behind.  a. go; was following     b. will go; follow c. will go; followed     d. go; will follow二、s + v + p（主語系動詞表語）系動詞通常與表語一起構

6、成系表結構，用來說明主語的性質、特點或狀態等。表語通常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等充當。常見的系動詞有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：all her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友現在都在門外。the milk turned sour. 牛奶變酸了。【練習導航】翻譯下面的漢語句子。1. 他感到有點累。_2. 這聽起來是個好主意。_3. 海倫在家嗎？_4. 我的電腦在書房里。_5. 他的夢想是

7、成為一名醫生。_6. 我最喜歡的運動是游泳。_7. 問題是你想干什么。_8. 他總是樂于助人。_9. 這盤菜聞起來不錯。_10. 那個女孩是我的妹妹。_三、s + v + o（主語及物動詞賓語）及物動詞后面必須接賓語才能表達一個完整的意思。賓語是動作的承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當。如：hes having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。i prefer standing. 我寧愿站著。he promised to lend me some books. 他答應借給我幾本書。【練習導航】. 找出下列句子的賓語。1. he handed in his homework this

8、 morning.  _2. help yourself to some soup, jim.      _3. he forgot which way to go.        _4. would you mind waiting for a few minutes?     _5. ill do what i can.          &#

9、160;  _. 根據漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。6. 你認識這些人嗎？do you _ _ _?7. 今天早上他完成了報告。he _ _ _ this morning.8. 現在我來自我介紹一下。now ill _ _. 9. 他已經決定搬到北京去了。he has decided _ _ _ beijing.10. 我不記得事故是什么時候發生的。i dont remember _ the accident _.四、s + v + io + do（主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語）有些及物動詞，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, wr

10、ite, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以帶雙賓語，一個賓語指人，稱為間接賓語；另一個指物，稱為直接賓語。及物動詞帶雙賓語通常有以下兩種結構：1. 及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語2. 及物動詞+直接賓語+to / for+間接賓語【練習導航】. 找出下列句子中的直接賓語。1. she gave me her telephone number.    _2. bring me some water, please.     _3. ill make you some fresh tea.

11、      _4. he sang us a folk song.        _5. she showed me her paintings.     _. 將下列句子改為同義句。6. tom gave me a nice pen.   tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. my mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.  

12、; my mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. she cooked us a delicious meal.  she _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. tim showed me his nice t-shirt.   tim _ his nice t-shirt _ me. 10. she made me a cup of coffee.   she _ a cup of coffee _ me.【溫馨提示】某些動詞引導的間接賓語可改為to引導的短

13、語，這類動詞有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：can you lend us your car? 你能把車借給我們嗎？can you lend your car to us? 某些動詞引導的間接賓語可改為for引導的短語，這類動詞有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：my uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔給我買了一塊表。my uncle bought a wat

14、ch for me.五、s + v + o + oc（主語及物動詞賓語賓語補足語）有些及物動詞加上賓語后，它的意思表達還是不完整，這就需要再加上一個補足語來使句子的意思完整。賓語補足語通常由形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、v-ing形式等充當。如：please dont call me lucy. 請不要叫我露西。i found the box empty. 我發現箱子是空的。the teacher told us to do some exercises. 老師要我們做一些練習題。【練習導航】. 找出下列句子中的賓語補足語。1. they call their daughter m

15、ary. _2. dont leave me behind. _3. i wish you to be happy. _4. i saw her chatting with nancy. _5. good food keeps you healthy. _. 翻譯下面的漢語句子。6. 他們請我和他們一道去。_7. 我剛才看見她在跟簡談話。_8. 你認為這部電影精彩嗎？_9. 你建議我做什么？ _10. 你注意到他進來了嗎？_六、there be句型  there be句型主要用來表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be動詞后面有兩個或兩個以上的主語，be動詞的選用需要遵循“就近原

16、則”。如：  there is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本書和一支鋼筆。【練習導航】. 單項選擇(  ) 1. there _ ice on the road last week.a. was    b. were   c. will be   d. are(  ) 2. there _ a football match on the playground this aft

17、ernoon.a. will have    b. is going to have  c. is have   d. is going to be (  ) 3. there _ to be something wrong with him.a. is        b. was   c. seems   d. are (  ) 4. there will

18、 be enough food for everybody, _?a. wont it      b. wont there   c. isnt it   d. arent there(  ) 5. there _ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. a. was       b. were 

19、0; c. have been      d. are . 根據漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。6. 一個男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard. 7. 以前在街道拐角處有一家商店。_ _ _ _ a shop on the corner of the street. 8. 可能會有一個更好的辦法來做這件事。_ _ _ a better way to do this. 9. 沒有空氣就沒有聲音._ _ _ sound without ai

20、r.  10. 沒有時間再等你了。_ _ no time _ _ _ you. key：一、. 1. is listening   2. sleep well  3. lasted for   4. change          5. has come true . 6-10 abbcd二、   1. he feels a little tired.    

21、0;2. it sounds a good idea. 3. is helen in?      4. my computer is in the study.  5. his dream is to become a doctor. 6. my favorite sport is swimming.7. the question is what you want to do. 8. he is always ready to help others.9. the dish smell

22、s good.    10. the girl is my sister.三、. 1. his homework     2. yourself   3. which way to go 4. waiting       5. what i can. 6. know these people      7. finished his report  8. introduce myself          9. to move to   10. when; happened四、. 1. her telephone number     2. some water  3. some fresh tea   4. a folk song   5. her paint