1、第第2講形容詞、副詞和比較等級講形容詞、副詞和比較等級 step 1 刷透真題明晰技法【高考真題練】. 語法填空1. (2020全國卷 )the _(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 2. (2019天津高考) no one wants to live an _(extreme) long life with a lot of chronic diseases. 3. (2018全國卷)according to a review of evidence in

2、a medical journal, runners live three years _(long) than non-runners. 4. (2018全國卷)he screams the _(loud) of all. beautifulextremelylongerloudest. 完成句子1. (2020 天津高考)according to professor johnson, we dont have to read the book if we dont want to, as it is _(可選擇的). 2. (2020江蘇高考)the outbreak of covid-1

3、9 has meant an _(突然的變化)in our life and work. 3. (2020全國卷)today i tried cooking _(一道簡單的菜)myself. 4. (2020全國卷)_(待會兒見). optionalabrupt changea simple dishsee you soon1. (2019全國卷)i stopped the ball and _(狠狠地踢)back to the playground. 2. (2019全國卷)i _(變得對感興趣) playing football thanks to a small accident. 3.

4、 (2018全國卷) _(立刻), i raised my hand. 4. (2018天津高考)most of us observed _(多) as children than we do as adults. kicked it hardbecame interested inimmediatelymuch more【微技能點(diǎn)撥】語法填空五謹(jǐn)記1. 看到空格處修飾的是名詞, 要想到用形容詞。2. 看到空格處修飾的是動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子, 要想到用副詞。3. 看到與than連用, 要想到用形容詞或副詞的比較級。4. 看到and, or, but等并列連詞前或后用的比較級, 要想到用

5、比較級。5. 看到語境中暗含比較含義, 要想到用比較級(二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)。step 2 突破重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥疑惑考點(diǎn)1形容詞和副詞的句法功能1. 形容詞主要用來修飾名詞、代詞, 表示事物或人的性質(zhì)和特征。可作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語或狀語等。i have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. (作定語)i know he is too optimistic but i dont want to depress him. (作表語)the room was found very dirty. (作主語補(bǔ)足語)optimis

6、m makes a life happier and more meaningful. (作賓語補(bǔ)足語)worried about the journey, i was unsettled for the first few days. (作狀語)【點(diǎn)津】(1)通常只作表語的形容詞: 以“a-”開頭的形容詞: afraid害怕的, alone孤單的, alive活著的, alike相似的, ashamed羞愧的, awake醒著的; content, worth, ill(有病的, 不舒服的), sure, liable, well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主語的形容詞: possible,

7、impossible, probable, convenient, necessary等。(3)形容詞作狀語時(shí), 其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。2. 副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞甚至整個(gè)句子。可作狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. (作狀語)the tide was out and they walked among the rock pools. (作表語)unfortunately, i was still very clumsy behin

8、d the wheel of the jeep. (作狀語)【點(diǎn)津】(1)有些副詞并不修飾動詞, 而是修飾整個(gè)句子, 表示說話人的看法。常見的這類副詞有: 表遞進(jìn)besides, further, then, moreover等表結(jié)果therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus等表轉(zhuǎn)折though, instead, otherwise, however等表等同similarly, equally等表對比rather, oppositely等表概括altogether, generally等表列舉first(ly), second(ly), finall

9、y等表同位namely等表時(shí)間meanwhile, sometimes, occasionally等表特指particularly, especially等(2)兼有兩種形式的副詞其中一種形式與形容詞相同, 另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴-ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同。考點(diǎn)2 形容詞和副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化1. 大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly構(gòu)成。主要變化規(guī)律: 轉(zhuǎn)換方法例詞一般情況, 在形容詞詞尾直接加-lyrealreally; helpfulhelpfully以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i, 然后再加-lybusybusily; angryangrily; easyeasily以-

10、le結(jié)尾, 去e直接加yterribleterribly; gentlegently元音字母+e 結(jié)尾, 先去掉e, 然后再加-lytruetruly轉(zhuǎn)換方法例詞以ll結(jié)尾的詞只加yfullfully以ic結(jié)尾的詞加allyautomaticautomaticallyenergeticenergetically2. 在英語中, 有些詞既可以作形容詞, 又可以作副詞。需要在特定語境中判斷它們各自的詞性。如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud, well等。it brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to

11、his eyes. (形容詞)in a few seconds she was wide awake. (副詞)【點(diǎn)津】下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾, 但卻是形容詞而非副詞: lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。考點(diǎn)3 形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級1. 比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則形式單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞, 在原級后加-er, -est構(gòu)成, 如hardharderhardest。其他特殊變化見下表: 特殊情況構(gòu)成方式例詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-r和-stbravebraverbravest 以“輔音字

12、母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i, 再加-er和-esthappyhappierhappiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫詞尾字母, 再加-er和-est hothotterhottest 多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞, 在原級前加more, most構(gòu)成。activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily【點(diǎn)津】 少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及以-er或-le結(jié)尾的詞, 可以有兩種比較級和最高級形式commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most common表示“最高程度”的形容詞, 如excellent, extreme

13、, perfect, favorite等, 沒有最高級, 也不能用比較級。(2)不規(guī)則形式good/wellbetterbestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestbad/ill/badlyworseworst2. 比較等級的用法(1)基本用法兩者相比, 表示“和一樣”, 用“as+原級+as”表示。he worked as fast as a qualified technician. 【點(diǎn)津】在同級比較中, 若出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 其語序?yàn)? as+ adj. +a(n)+n. +as。john is as clever a boy as you

14、wish to meet. 兩者相比, 表示“不如”, 用“not as/so+原級+as”。it is not so expensive as you might expect. 兩者相比, 表示“比更”, 用“比較級+than”; 表示“不比更”, 用“not+比較級+than”。the process of learning and developing is more important than the outcome. her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teachers. 【點(diǎn)津】 有些形容詞本身含有比

15、較的意義, 其后面用to而不用than。如: superior to(優(yōu)于, 高于); inferior to (次于); senior to (年長于, 地位高于); junior to(地位低于); prior to (早于, 較重要于)。三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物比較, 表示最高程度時(shí), 用“the+最高級+比較范圍”。her sons are the most important thing in her life. (2)特殊用法“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.

16、“the+比較級, the+比較級”表示“越, 就越”。the harder we work, the more progress we will make. “more+原級+than”表示“與其說不如說”。she looks more asleep than clever. “more than+主語+can+謂語”表示“非所能; 不能”。the beauty of the place is more than i can describe. “否定詞+比較級”表示肯定的最高級i couldnt agree with you any more. 表示倍數(shù)的三個(gè)常用句型a. . . . 倍數(shù)

17、+as+原級+as. . . the new building is three times as high as the old one. b. . . . 倍數(shù)+比較級+than. . . the new building is twice higher than the old one. c. . . . 倍數(shù)+the size/length/width/height, etc. +of. . . the new building is three times the height of the old one. our classroom is three times as large

18、 as theirs. =our classroom is twice larger than theirs. =our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 3. 比較級的修飾語(1)修飾比較級的常用詞和短語有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。the theme of the play stood out even more clearly after it was revised. (2)常用的最高級的修飾語有by

19、 far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序數(shù)詞等。i would say that intellect is by far the most important factor. 考點(diǎn)4 常用的分詞形容詞和副詞-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別: -ed形容詞, 通常說明人, 意為“(某人)感到”; -ing形容詞通常說明事物, 意為“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。這樣成對的形容詞有: interested/interesting; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; surprised

20、/surprising; pleased/pleasing; moved/moving; disappointed/ disappointing等。the wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing. we will be pleased to answer any questions you may have. 【點(diǎn)津】 原則上, -ed 形容詞通常直接用于說明人, 若修飾事物, 則多為 look (表情), air(神態(tài)), appearance(外貌), cry(哭聲), face(表情), voice(聲音), mood(情緒)

21、等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞。roger just looked up at him with a surprised look. a hand helped me out of the tree, and a frightened voice asked me if i was badly hurt. 【小題快練】. 單句語法填空(2020浙江高考)farming produced more food per person _hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. (2019浙江高考)school u

22、niforms are _(tradition) in britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. (2018浙江高考)eating out once or twice a week may be _(afford) but doing this most days adds up. (2018全國卷)running is cheap, easy and its always _(energy). (2018浙江高考 )there could be an even _(high) cost on your health.

23、 thantraditionalaffordableenergetichigher_(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. the more support you win from others, the _(fast) you will move toward your goal. i was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was more _(convenient) than oth

24、ers. obviouslyfasterconvenient. 完成句子(2019全國卷)one was that i _(對這個(gè)事實(shí)感到驚訝)that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. (2020全國卷)_(我肯定) youll have a good time. over the past few decades, we have developed an amazing network of public transportation. _(此外; 并且), we have decided to mak

25、e efforts to make it much better. was amazed at the factim surebesides/in additionlike most grown-ups, she enjoys folk songs, because _(寧靜的音樂) reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young. but i think wed better have more outdoor activities. as students, we usually _ _(在教室里坐的時(shí)間太長), and as a

26、result our eyes and brains get tired. the fruits are small in size, but _(多汁可口). mom said, “how nice to see you again! dad and i _(是非常擔(dān)心的). ” the peaceful musicsittoo long in the classroomjuicy and tastywere terribly worriedstep 3 跟蹤檢測提升能力. 語法填空 different countries have wildly different forms of gre

27、eting. in the usa, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. but in latin countries, a firm handshake 1. _ (consider) rude. in my home country, mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2. _ the cheeks. this is al

28、so common in france, 3. _the act is called faire la bise. however, this is not 4. _ universal rule. during my first week in the usa, i kissed every single girl i met. my friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5. _(leave) me in great embarrassment. what is common here, however, is for fr

29、iends 6. _(hug) each othersomething i was not used to. hugs always make me 7. _(frighten) because i dont really like that. this may seem strange since even kissing 8. _(stranger) is normal in my country. now that i think about it, i hate cheek-kissing as well. wouldnt it be 9. _(enjoy) to have a gre

30、eting code that is 10. _(wide) acceptable? im not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 1. 【解析】is considered。考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句中主語a firm handshake和動詞consider是被動關(guān)系, 此處作謂語用被動語態(tài)。表示客觀事實(shí), 與上下文一致用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is considered。2. 【解析】on。考查介詞。此處指親吻對方的臉頰, 在臉上用介詞on, 故填on。3. 【解析】where。考查定語從句。先行詞是france, 在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語, 用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo), 故填where。4. 【解析】a。考查冠詞。句中rule是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式, 此處表示一種普遍的規(guī)則, universal發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭, 故填a。5. 【解析】leaving。考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞, 此處用非謂語。前面句子與動詞leave是主動關(guān)系, 用動詞-ing形