1、統(tǒng)一教育學(xué)科教師個性化授課教案講義編號： J H R 教務(wù)主任審核簽字 學(xué)員編號： 年級： 課時教：學(xué)生姓名： 輔導(dǎo)科目： 學(xué)科教師：學(xué)生姓名：課 題 代詞授課日期及時段： 教學(xué)目的 使學(xué)生了解代詞的分類以及代詞的用法。知識點(diǎn) 人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，疑問代 詞和關(guān)系代詞等。代詞數(shù)、性、格的變化重點(diǎn) 指示代詞 不定代詞 關(guān)系代詞 代詞的數(shù)、性、格的變化難點(diǎn) 指示代詞 不定代詞 關(guān)系代詞 代詞的數(shù)、性、格的變化考點(diǎn) 不定代詞one，the one，ones，the ones 表示兩者和多者的不定代詞的比較 指示代詞this，that，these，those，it的用法

2、another，(the)other(s)，else；the rest的用法技能提升 使學(xué)生能夠靈活的使用代詞，并能理解代詞在句中的作用和功能。教學(xué)效果自評及課后反思教學(xué)進(jìn)程和教學(xué)內(nèi)容【知識要點(diǎn)】 一、代詞的分類1.人稱代詞：主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they 賓格me, us, you, him, her, it, them2.物主代詞：形容詞性my, our, your, his, her, its, their 名詞性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs3.反身代詞：單數(shù)myself, yourself, hims

3、elf, herself, itself 復(fù)數(shù)ourselves, yourselves, themselves4. 相互代詞：each other (兩者之間相互)；one another (兩者以上的相互)5. 指示代詞：this, that, these, those6. 疑問代詞：who, whom, whose, which, what7. 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that(指人),which, that, as, whose（指物）8.不定代詞：all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, so

4、mething, everything, nothing, somebody, everybody, nobody, someone, everyone, no one, many, much, few, less二、雙重所有格物主代詞不可與a，an，this，that，these，those，some，any，several，no，each，every，such，another，which等詞一起前置，修飾一個名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。公式為：a，an，this，that+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。 eg. a friend of mine 三、指示代詞1、指示代詞在作主語時可指物也可指人

5、，但作其他句子成分時只能指物，不能指人。如：（對）That is my teacher.那是我的老師。（that作主語，指人） （對）He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個姑娘結(jié)婚。（this作限定詞）（錯）He is going to marry this.（this作賓語時不能指人）（對）I bought this.我買這個。（this指物，可作賓語）2、that和those可作定語從句的先行詞，但this和 these不能，同時，在作先行詞時，只有those可指人，試比較：（對）He admired that which looked beautiful

6、. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。（對） He admired those who looked beautiful.他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）教學(xué)進(jìn)程和教學(xué)內(nèi)容（錯） He admired that who danced well.（that作賓語時不能指人）（對）He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。（those指人） （對）He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。（those指物）四、反身代詞表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我們自己”“你們自己”和“他們自己”等

7、的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱為“反身代詞”。如：She was talking to herself. 她自言自語。 反身代詞的用法1.作賓語，如1)有些動詞需有反身代詞，如：We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我們昨晚玩得很開心。Please help yourself to some fish. 請你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。2)用于及物動詞+賓語+介詞，如：take pride in，be annoyed with，help oneself to sth等。I could not dress（myself）up at that time. 那個時候我不能

8、打扮我自己。注：有些動詞后不跟反身代詞，如：get up，sit down，stand up，wake up等。Please sit down. 2.用作表語。如I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。3.用作同位語。如The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。4.在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下，but，except，for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。注意：1)反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。（錯）Myself drove the car.（對）I myself drove the car. 我自己開車。2)但在and，or，no

9、r連接的并列主語中，第二個主語可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語。如：Charles and myself saw it.查爾斯和我看見了這件事。五、不定代詞的用法辨析1. nothing, none, no onenone作為代詞，最常用來表示數(shù)量，常回答how much或how many的問題；而nothing是相對于something(有某物)，什么都沒有,它回答的是“What is in/on.”的問題；而no one=nobody沒有人，它回答的是“Who did that?”（誰）或是anyone（有沒有人）的問題。2. one, ones, that, those, it（

10、1）one和ones可以用來代替前面提到過的可數(shù)名詞，one代單數(shù)，ones代復(fù)數(shù)，one前面一般不加a,因?yàn)樗旧碛小耙粋€”的意思，但如果one前面有形容詞修飾，則需要加a/an。one可以單獨(dú)使用，意思為“任何人”。例如：Shall we have a rest?Didnt we just have one? (因?yàn)閛ne=a something)I happened to see a book about George W. Bush, a nice one indeed.One should always believe in oneself.（2）that與those：that可以代

11、替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于the one；而those 代替前面提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可以用the ones替換。例如：The population of China is bigger than that of India. (that=the population）The boy told his story and that of the girl next room. (that=the story)The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.（thos

12、e=the cell phones=the ones)（3）one和it:兩者都可以用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)名詞,one指這類東西中的任何一個，指類屬，泛指。it指前面所指的同一物。例如：I need a pen to sign my name. Can I have one? (one =a pen)I cannot find my new pen. Have you seen it?（it指那支新鋼筆）3. another, the other, other, others, the others （1）another和the other:兩者都是“另一個”的意思，但數(shù)量上有區(qū)別:用 an

13、other指兩個以上的數(shù)量，而the other只指兩個中的另一個，例如：He has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third is an engineer.He has a book in one hand and a pen in the other.注：another除了可以作代詞，還可以用作形容詞。這里有必要區(qū)別another, the other和more的用法： another:表“另一個”時只跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，而表“另外的、額外的、附加的”時，可跟帶有few或具體數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。例如：

14、Have you finished your report yet？No，I will finish it in another 10 minutes.There is room for another few people in the back of the bus. other:表“另外的”接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如與具體數(shù)詞連用，則置于數(shù)詞之后，但與定冠詞the連用時，other要放在數(shù)詞前。例如：Tony is going camping with two other little boys next Sunday.Do you know where he found the other two

15、 photos？ more:more一般位于數(shù)詞之后，名詞之前。例如：One more step，and Ill shoot you.Where shall we be in ten more years？more除跟數(shù)詞外，還可與many, a little，a few，a lot，several等詞連用，例如:There are many more dictionaries on the desk.Would you like some more tea？(2) others, the othersothers是相對于some來說的：some.some.others. (一些一些另一些）是

16、泛指；而the others是特指另一些。例如：Class 1 are cleaning the classroom. Some are sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboard. （泛指）There are only 20 students in the classroom, where are the others.（特指）4. both, other, neither, each, any, allboth:兩者都，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；either:兩者中間的

17、任何一個，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；neither:兩者中間無任何一個，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)；each:兩個或兩個以上中的每一個，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；any:三者或三者以上中的任何一個，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；all:三者或三者以上全部；5. some, any, nosome屬于肯定詞，主要用于肯定句中，但當(dāng)說話人期待肯定回答時，也可以用于疑問句中。例如：Could I have some more tea, please?Would you like some more coffee?any屬于非肯定詞，主要用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。它可以與形容詞的比較級連用。例如：Dont come any c

18、loser, or Ill shoot!no屬于否定詞，用于否定句中：no+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)=not a/anno+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)=not any。例如：There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. （注意thing前面沒有冠詞a) 考點(diǎn)1 指示代詞1this/these，that/thosethis, these指代下面要說的內(nèi)容；that，those指代上面陳述過的內(nèi)容。如：What Id like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this關(guān)于如何提高我們的英

19、語口語，我想說的是這樣的。Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown這里的薪水比我家鄉(xiāng)的高。2 this，that有時可以用作副詞，意為“這么，那么”，用在形容詞或副詞前作狀語，表示程度，如： It isnt that cold還沒那么冷。考點(diǎn)2易混不定代詞以下是幾組易混不定代詞：1all，both，neither，none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指兩者“都”。如：Both(of)his hands were wounded All(of)his fingers were wounded(2)neither表示“兩個

20、都不”，常和of連用，放在帶有冠詞、物主代詞或指示代詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，作主語時，謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)；none表示三個或三個以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短語，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞、代詞或單數(shù)集合名詞連用作主語，指人時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)皆可；指物時，只用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：Neither of the twins is/are correctNone of us has/have ever been to the Great wall 2no，none，nothing，nobody(1)no不能單獨(dú)使用，相當(dāng)于not a或not any，作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。如：You

21、 have no sympathy for the sufferings of others你對別人的痛苦沒有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，側(cè)重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句，可與介詞of連用。如：None of the books is suitable for the young一How many people are there in the room?一None (3)nobody指人，用于回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句；nothing指物，用于回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。如：一Who is in the room?一Nobody 3it

22、，one，ones, that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一個物。one指上文提到的同類事物中的一個，不特指。如：Where is that book? I cant find it。I havent got any erasersWill you please give me one?(2)one與that都可用來代替上文中出現(xiàn)的名詞，one前要用定冠詞the，有時that和the one可互換使用。如：The book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed (3)但that和one在多數(shù)情況下是不能互換的，主要區(qū)別在于

23、：a. that既可代替可數(shù)名詞，也可代替不可數(shù)名詞，常要求有后置定語，一般不指人，復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。b. one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。c. 當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾時，只能用one，不用that。d. 當(dāng)of短語作可數(shù)名詞的后置定語時，用that，不用one。如：The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan The boy told me his story and that of the girl next doorYour coat is blue，and my new one is green (4)the ones用來代替

24、上文提到的特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定語的情況下。如：The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk桌上的那些書比桌下的好。4another，other，others，more(1)another既可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以用于單數(shù)名詞前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一個人或物”。還可以用“another+數(shù)量詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，表示”再，又”。如：Was there another way out? 還有別的路出去嗎?Wed better wait another five minute

25、s (2)other不能單獨(dú)使用，應(yīng)用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具體數(shù)詞之后，再接名詞，構(gòu)成”不定代詞或具體數(shù)詞+other+名詞”；接單數(shù)名詞時，還可以用在冠詞the后，特指兩個人或物中的另外一個(可以省略為the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略為the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，別人”。如：One remained and the other went away一個留下了，另一個走了。We should learn to treat others as equals我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會平等待人。典例1： Sw

26、imming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A somethingB anything C nothing D everything【答案】C【解析】考查不定代詞。句意：游泳是我最愛的運(yùn)動。再沒有比游泳更好的鍛煉方式了。There is nothing like意即”沒有什么能像了”。典例2： Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didnt answer of themAother Bany Cnone Dsome典例3： Nine

27、 in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parentsAthose Bone Cboth Dthat解析D 句意：十分之九的家長認(rèn)為他們教育孩子的方法和他們父母的教育方法有明顯的差別。在同一句話中，指代的名詞和前面提到的名詞是同一類，即同名異物，要用that。典例：Isnt it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?Ahims

28、elf Bhim Citself Dit考點(diǎn)3 it的用法在英語中，運(yùn)用it的場合較多。從它在句中的作用和意義來看，it的用法可分為三類：1指代作用(1)用作人稱代詞，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)。如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us雖然我們看不見空氣，但它卻在我們的周圍。(2)代替前面的整個句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isnt true據(jù)說他已經(jīng)病死了，但這不是真的。(3)用在答語中代替指示代詞this，that。

29、如：一What is this?一Its a bike (4)代替不能或沒有必要區(qū)分性別的或某些習(xí)慣說法中的人。如：The baby cried because it was hungry (嬰兒習(xí)慣上不區(qū)分性別)一Who is knocking at the door?一Its me (5)指環(huán)境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longer我再也不能容忍這種情況了。Take it easy別緊張。It doesnt matter沒關(guān)系。(6)指度量衡單位、時間、距離、季節(jié)、天氣及自然現(xiàn)象。如：Its getting colder and colder nowIt is

30、winter now 2形式作用(1)形式主語當(dāng)動詞不定式、v.ing形式或從句作主語時，通常把它們放在謂語之后，而用it作句子的形式主語。如：(I)Its no use crying over spilt milk諺覆水難收。It takes three generations to make a gentleman諺十年樹木，百年樹人。 (2)形式賓語當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、v-ing形式或賓語從句時，往往把真正的賓語放在補(bǔ)足語后面，而用it作形式賓語，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之前。如： You must make it clear to them that the situation is s

31、erious你必須向他們表明形勢是嚴(yán)峻的。They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他們覺得和客人們談近來發(fā)生的事情很困難。特別提示形式賓語用在“主語+謂語動詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按時到達(dá)，成功)等后接由if或when等引導(dǎo)的從句時，往往在從句前加形式賓語it。如：1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付現(xiàn)金的話，我會不勝感激。The boy likes it when you do that那個男孩喜歡你那樣做。3強(qiáng)調(diào)作用it可以用來改變句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分得到強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was+所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。課堂金思維訓(xùn)練題【2012全國II】 Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B. this C. that D. it