1、2012屆中考英語專題復習八：代詞考點講解和訓練【考點直擊】1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法；2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區別及其主要用法；3 反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法； 4 常見不定代詞的一般用法；5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代詞的基本用法；7. 疑問代詞的基本用法。 8. 關系代詞的基本用法。代詞的分類1 人稱代詞 主格（作主語）：I , we, you , he, she, it, they; 賓格（作賓語）：me, us, you, him, her, it, them2 物主代詞 形容詞性物主代詞：my, our

2、, your, his, her, its, their: （不能單獨用，要跟名詞連用） 名詞性物主代詞： mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs （只能單獨用，不能跟名詞連用）3 反身代詞 myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themself4 指示代詞 this, that, these, those, it, such, same5 相互代詞 each other, one another6 疑問代詞 who, whom, whose, which

3、, what7 連接代詞 who , whom, whose, which, what8 不定代詞 some一些, something某物，某事, somebody某人, someone某人, any, anything任何事物, anybody任何人, anyone任何人, no無, nothing無物, nobody無人, none沒有人或物, everything每一個事物，一切, everybody每人，人人,大家， everyone每人, little很少, a little一點, few很少, a few幾個, each各個（兩者以上）, much很多, many很多, other

4、另一個（泛指）others另一些（泛指）, another另外一個，又一個, all全體,全都， one一個（人或物）, both兩者都, either兩者間任何一個, neither兩個都不詳解 三. 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those，It1. this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time

5、2. 有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4. this 在電話用語中代表

6、自己，that 則代表對方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?it的用法1用作人稱代詞，代替上文提到過的事物 Where is your dictionary?It is in my bag.2用以代替指示代詞this, that Whose exercise book is that? It is hers.3可以表示天氣、時間、距離等 It often rains in summer. What time is it? 4起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事 Who is crying in the next room? It must

7、 be the baby.5作形式主語或形式賓語 It is very kind of you to help me. I found it difficult to learn maths well.四. 反身代詞 英語中用來表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我們自己，你們自己等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。 反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。 1. 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in Engl

8、ish?2. 作表語。 It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語同位語） You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語同位語）五. 不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。現將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some與any的區別1）some多用于肯定

9、句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數名詞+單數動詞；可數名詞+復數動詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數名詞+單數動詞；可數名詞+復數動詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any t

10、ea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：與some, any結合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a littl

11、e在用法上的區別1）用作形容詞： 含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數名詞a few雖少，但有幾個few不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數名詞a little，雖少，但有一點little不多，沒有什么 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep) Mary, go a li

12、ttle faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區別。用 法代名詞形容詞單數復數單數復數不定another另一個others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數或復數名詞，意思是“其他

13、的、別的”。 Where are his other books? 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. 3）other作代詞用時，可以有復數“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構成“some ., others .”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimmi

14、ng. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every與eac

15、h的區別。eachevery1)可單獨使用1)不可單獨使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個別”3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物 The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。

16、 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數，也可以用作復數。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。 2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現，表示“兩個都”。Lucy and Lily both agree with us. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are

17、very interesting. 單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates.六. 相互代詞 表示相互關系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。 We should learn from e

18、ach other / one another. （作賓語） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定語） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定語）七. 疑問代詞疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如

19、：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語）What is that? (作表語)Whose umbrella is this? (作定語) Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語)八. 關系代詞關系代詞是一種引導從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語. 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the

20、 photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?【實例解析】 1.Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 2. -Whats on TV tonight? Is there _ interesting? -Im afraid not. A.

21、 something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 3. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 4.-Where is my pen? -Oh, sorry. I have taken _ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers【中考演練】一. 單項填空1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C.

22、him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They thin

23、k more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you

24、D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?-_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term?-Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? -Her cou

25、sin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll hav

26、e to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?-Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. _ of

27、them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip

28、 with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo? -Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ classroom. Where is _?A. our; them B. us; they C. our;

29、theirs D. ours; theirs二. 用所給代詞的適當形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos? -Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Wh

30、o taught your brother to surf?-Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)?-Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (

31、he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三. 用適當的代詞填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were

32、all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.5. _ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.9. They didnt learn _ new in this lesson.10. -Why is _ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because B