1、高中英語語法專題虛擬語氣(The Subjunctive Mood)第一課時：虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法一：語氣英語中的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣，虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。語氣作用例句陳述語氣The Indicative Mood用來陳述一個事實，或提出一種看法，有肯定，否定，疑問或感嘆等形式I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!祈使語氣The Imperative Mood用來表示請求，

2、邀請，命令，警告或勸告等。Lets have a talk.Dont jump in the queue.虛擬語氣The Subjunctive Mood用來表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)，愿望，懷疑或推測。If I were you , I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.We would have won if Jack had scored that goal.二：虛擬語氣的用法：虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用特別補充：條件句作用例句真實條件句用來表示在現(xiàn)實中比較有可能發(fā)生的情況（從句謂語動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚㊣f

3、it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.Lets go shopping if you are not busy.非真實條件句（即虛擬條件句）用來表示與現(xiàn)實相反的假設(shè)(主句及從句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣)If I were a bird, I would fly high in the sky.含有if的非真實條件句If條件狀語從句謂語動詞（以do為例）主句謂語動詞（以do為例）與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)did (be 動詞用were) should/would/could/might+do與過去事實相反的假設(shè)had doneshould/would/could/m

4、ight+have done與將來事實相反的假設(shè) did (be動詞用were) were to do should do (should 不可用其他情態(tài)動詞替換)should/would/could/might+do即時練習(xí)：1. I am busy now。如果我有時間，我就會參加會議的。_ 2. 如果我是你，我會跟同學(xué)們好好相處的。_3. 如果你接受了我的建議，上次考試你就不會不及格了。 _4. I heard that you would be busy tomorrow. 要是你明天能來的話，我們就可以開會了。_KEYS: 1. If I had time, I would atte

5、nd the meeting.2. If I were you, I would get on well with my classmates.3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the last exam.4. If you came/ were to come/should come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.錯綜時間條件句當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If yo

6、u had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.即時練習(xí)：1. 如果你當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，你現(xiàn)在就好了。_2. 如果你當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，你早就好了。_3. 如果你當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，你過幾天就好了。_KEYS: 1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 2. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have been all right. 3. If you had listened to

7、the doctor, you would be all right within a few days.if省略句在含有were,had, should的非真實條件句中，if 可以省略，但要把were, had, should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機會，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.Had

8、you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.如果你來得早點，你就能趕上公共汽車。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。即時練習(xí)：1. 如果明天下雨的話，我們只能推遲運動會了。_2. 如果他努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，上次考試就及格了。_3. 如果可能的話，他早就給她打電話了。_4. 如果他明天出發(fā)的話，周五就可以到那兒了。_KEYS: 1. Should

9、 it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. 2. Had he studied hard, he would have passed the last exam. 3. Had it been possible, he would have called her up. 4. Should he leave tomorrow/ Were he to leave tomorrow, he would go there by Friday.含蓄條件句有時假設(shè)的條件

10、不通過條件狀語從句表達出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中，常用的這類詞或短語有：without（要是）沒有in case 萬一，以防but for 要不是for fear that 以免otherwise 否則supposing 假如or 否則but 但是with （要是）有(If it were not for 要不是)What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)如果你有100萬元，你會做什么？特別補充：otherwise/or 前的內(nèi)容為事實，用陳述語氣，其后的內(nèi)容用虛擬語氣

11、。But 前的內(nèi)容用虛擬語氣，其后內(nèi)容為事實，用陳述語氣。例如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. 即時練習(xí)：沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。（用盡可能多的方式翻譯）_KEYS:If we h

12、adnt got your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.Had we not got your help, .We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not be

13、en for you help, 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用綜合練習(xí)題：1. If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from going.A. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, would preventD. were, would have prevented2. If itfor the snow, wethe mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could clim

14、bC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb3. Without electricity(電) human lifequite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be4. I didnt see your sister at the meeting, if she, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come5. When

15、 the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken6. He hesitated(猶豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise hea goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored7. right now, she would get there on Sunday

16、.A. Would she leaveB. If she leavesC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left8. Had he worked harder, hethe exam.A. must have got throughB. would have got throughC. would get throughD. could get through9. He must have had an accident, or hethen.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD.

17、 would be here10. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been11. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise wehim.A. would have calledB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned12. He you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give13. for your laziness(懶惰), you could have finished the assignment(任務(wù)) by now.A. Had it not been B. It were not C. werent it D. Had not it been14. If I hadnt stood under the ladder(梯子) to catch you when you fel