1、photovoltaic system design1 introduction after pv workers unremitting efforts, solar cell production technology constantly improve, and increasingly widely used in various fields. posts and telecommunications in particular, the telecommunications industry in recent years because of the rapid develop

2、ment of communication power requirements have become more sophisticated, so stable and reliable power solar energy is widely used in communications. and how the various regions of solar radiation conditions, to the design of both economic and reliable photovoltaic power system, which is one of the m

3、any experts and scholars study the long-standing issue, but there are many excellent research results, for the development of chinas photovoltaic laid a solid foundation. the author of the study at the design methodology of experts found that the design has only considered the self-maintenance of ba

4、ttery time (that is, the longest consecutive rainy days), without taking into account the loss of electric batteries as soon as possible after the recovery time (ie, two sets of the longest continuous rain days, the shortest interval between the days). this problem particularly in the southern china

5、 region should pay great attention to the southern region because of our rainy day is long too, and for the convenience of independent photovoltaic power system, because there is no other emergency backup power protection, so this problem should be included in the design considered together.in this

6、paper, an integrated design method of the previous advantages, combined with the author over the years actually engaged in the design of photovoltaic power systems experience, the introduction of two sets of the longest consecutive rainy days, the shortest interval between the number of days as the

7、basis for the design of one, and comprehensive consideration of the the impact of solar radiation conditions of the factors that made solar cells, the formula for calculating battery capacity, and related design methods.2 many factors affect the designsun solar cells on the ground square on the radi

8、ation of light spectrum, light intensity by the thickness of the atmosphere (ie air quality), geographic location, the location of the climate and weather, terrain and surface features such as the impact of its energy in one day, january and a year of great change, or even years between the total an

9、nual amount of radiation there were also large differences.square solar photoelectric conversion efficiency, by the battery itself, temperature, sunlight intensity and battery voltage fluctuations, which is three in one day will change, so square photovoltaic solar cell conversion efficiency is also

10、 variable.battery is charging in the float state, with the square of its voltage output and load power consumption changes. batteries to provide energy is also affected by environmental temperature.solar energy battery charge and discharge controller made by the electronic components manufacturer, i

11、t is also necessary energy, while the use of components of performance, quality, etc. is also related to the size of energy consumption, thus affecting the efficiency of charge.load of electricity, but also as determined by uses, such as communications relay stations, unmanned weather stations and s

12、o on, have a fixed power equipment. some equipment such as a lighthouse, beacon lights, civilian power consumption such as lighting and equipment power consumption are often changing.therefore, the solar power system design, the need to consider many factors and complex. characteristics are: the dat

13、a used in most previous statistical data, the statistical data measurement and data selection are important.designers of the mission are: in the solar cell matrix under the conditions of the environment (that is, the scene of the geographical location, solar radiation, climate, weather, terrain and

14、surface features, etc.), the design of solar cell and battery power system matrix is we should pay attention to economic efficiency, but also to ensure system reliability.location of a particular energy of solar radiation data to meteorological information provided the basis for the design of solar

15、cells used phalanx. these meteorological data required to check the accumulation of several years or even decades on average.various regions on the earth by sunlight and radiation changes in the cycle for the day, 24h. in a square area of solar cells also have the power output 24h of the cyclical ch

16、anges in its laws and sun radiation in the region, the changes of the same. however, changes in weather will affect the square of the generating capacity. if you have a few days consecutive rain days, almost square on the power generation should not rely on batteries to power, and battery depth of d

17、ischarge and then need to be added as soon as possible good. most designers in order to weather the sun to provide a daily total of radiation energy or the annual average sunshine hours as the design of the main data. each year because of a regional data is not the same as for the sake of reliabilit

18、y should be taken within the last decade of the minimum data. under the load of electricity consumption, in sunshine and no sunshine when battery power is required. weather provided by solar power or the total amount of radiation the total sunshine hours on the battery capacity of the size of the de

19、cision is indispensable data.phalanx of the solar cell, the load should include all power system devices (except for use but also have a battery and electrical circuits, controllers, etc.) consumption. matrix components of the output power and the number of series-parallel, and series are required i

20、n order to obtain the operating voltage, in parallel are necessary in order to obtain the current work, an appropriate number of components through which the composition of series-parallel connection of solar cells required phalanx.3 designed capacity of batteriessolar cell power supply system is th

21、e battery energy storage devices. and solar cell batteries are usually square matching job at floating state, with the square of its voltage output and load power consumption changes. its load capacity than the power required is much greater. batteries to provide energy is also affected by environme

22、ntal temperature. and solar cells in order to match the job requirements of long life battery and easy maintenance.(1)battery selectionand be able to support the use of solar cells, many different types of batteries, widely used at present have lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, ordinary lead-aci

23、d batteries and alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries of three. domestic use are mainly maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, because of its inherent free maintenance of properties and less polluting to the environment characteristics, it is suitable for the performance of reliable power systems solar p

24、ower, especially in unattended workstations. ordinary lead-acid batteries require regular maintenance because of its larger environmental pollution, so the main suitable for the maintenance of the ability or have the use of low-grade occasions. although alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries have better

25、low-temperature, over-charge, take-off performance, but because of their higher prices, only applies to more special occasions.(2)calculation of battery capacity battery capacity to ensure continuous power supply is very important. at one year, the month of matrix generation has very different. phal

26、anx at the generating capacity can not meet the electricity needs of the month, to rely on battery power give supplement; electricity required in more than month, are relying on batteries to store excess energy. phalanx so inadequate generating capacity and surplus value, is to determine the basis f

27、or one of the battery capacity. similarly, the continuous overcast and rainy days during the load of electricity must also be obtained from the battery. therefore, the power consumption during this period to determine the battery capacity is also one of the factors.光伏系統設計1引言 經過光伏工作者們堅持不懈的努力，太陽能電池的生產

28、技術不斷得到提高，并且日益廣泛地應用于各個領域。特別是郵電通信方面，由于近年來通信行業的迅猛發展，對通信電源的要求也越來越高，所以穩定可靠的太陽能電源被廣泛使用于通信領域。而如何根據各地區太陽能輻射條件，來設計出既經濟而又可靠的光伏電源系統，這是眾多專家學者研究已久的課題，而且已有許多卓越的研究成果，為我國光伏事業的發展奠定了堅實的基礎。筆者在學習各專家的設計方法時發現，這些設計僅考慮了蓄電池的自維持時間（即最長連續陰雨天），而沒有考慮到虧電后的蓄電池最短恢復時間（即兩組最長連續陰雨天之間的最短間隔天數）。這個問題尤其在我國南方地區應引起高度重視，因為我國南方地區陰雨天既長又多，而對于方便適用

29、的獨立光伏電源系統，由于沒有應急的其他電源保護備用，所以應該將此問題納入設計中一起考慮。 本文綜合以往各設計方法的優點，結合筆者多年來實際從事光伏電源系統設計工作的經驗，引入兩組最長連續陰雨天之間的最短間隔天數作為設計的依據之一，并綜合考慮了各種影響太陽能輻射條件的因素，提出了太陽能電池、蓄電池容量的計算公式，及相關設計方法。 2 影響設計的諸多因素 太陽照在地面太陽能電池方陣上的輻射光的光譜、光強受到大氣層厚度（即大氣質量）、地理位置、所在地的氣候和氣象、地形地物等的影響，其能量在一日、一月和一年內都有很大的變化，甚至各年之間的每年總輻射量也有較大的差別。 太陽能電池方陣的光電轉換效率，受到

30、電池本身的溫度、太陽光強和蓄電池電壓浮動的影響，而這三者在一天內都會發生變化，所以太陽能電池方陣的光電轉換效率也是變量。 蓄電池組也是工作在浮充電狀態下的，其電壓隨方陣發電量和負載用電量的變化而變化。蓄電池提供的能量還受環境溫度的影響。 太陽能電池充放電控制器由電子元器件制造而成，它本身也需要耗能，而使用的元器件的性能、質量等也關系到耗能的大小，從而影響到充電的效率等。 負載的用電情況，也視用途而定，如通信中繼站、無人氣象站等，有固定的設備耗電量。而有些設備如燈塔、航標燈、民用照明及生活用電等設備，用電量是經常有變化的。 因此，太陽能電源系統的設計，需要考慮的因素多而復雜。特點是：所用的數據大多為以前統計的數據，各統計數據的測量以及數據的選擇是重要的。 設計者的任務是：在太陽能電池方陣所處的環境條件下（即現場的地理位置、太陽輻射能、氣候、氣象、地形和地物等），設計的太陽能電池方陣及蓄電池電源系統既要講究經濟效益，又要保證系統的高可靠性。 某特定地點的太陽輻射能量數據，以氣象臺提供的資料