1、unit 1 living well learning about language 1 fill in the table below. you can use the dictionary to help you. nounadjective ambitious absent suitability benefit annoynance ambition absence suitable beneficial annoyed/annoying nounadjective clumsiness firmness noise psychology encouraging clumsy firm

2、 noisy psychological encouragement 1. how do you measure the length of a race round a racetrack? 2. how would you feel if someone kept talking when you were trying to read? 2 answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit. lap annoyed 3. in what way can a teacher check if you have lea

3、rned the new words by heart? 4. what do you call an item written in a diary or in a dictionary? 5. what kind of instrument does a doctor need to examine viruses in blood? dictation entry microscope 6. how do you describe someone who is happy to meet new people? 7. what do you call students in the sa

4、me year group and the same situation as you? 8. what do you call the behaviour of one student to others? outgoing fellow conduct 3 complete this passage using the words below. there was a time when children with mental disabilities were prevented from living a normal life _. they used to _ in their

5、own homes after being educated in special in many ways sit around adapt to cut out in other words out of breath sit around in many ways make fun of all in all schools. other people sometimes _ them. but now things are changing. there are training programmes for young people with mental disabilities,

6、 which have proved very beneficial. students like xie li, mentally disabled from birth, now have a chance to become athletes. but it is a challenge. she has to _ training programmes as well as mixing with other able-bodied athletes. make fun of adapt to “xie lis confidence has grown,” said her fathe

7、r. “she looks much better and is not so often _ after her training. _ her mother and i are very happy with her progress.” so, instead of _ mainstream activities, mentally disabled students can become part of the mainstream. _ they can lead a more fulfilling life. in other words out of breath all in

8、all cutting out revise the infinitiverevise the infinitive unit 1 grammar 1. it is good to help others. 2. it is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. my ambition is to work in the computer industry when i grow up. identify its

9、function.identify its function. (subject) (subject) (predicative) 想一想想一想 4. i dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. i am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. a big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. my fellow students have begun to accept me for who i am. (

10、attribute) (attribute) (object) (object) 8. i have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. some days i am too tired to get out of bed. 10. we must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial) (adverbial) (object complement) 動(dòng)詞不定式的作用動(dòng)詞不定式的作用 functions of in

11、finitive 1 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) (subject) 2 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) (predicative) 3 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) (object) 4 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) (object complement) 5 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) (attribute) 6 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) (adverbial) 7 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (absolute construction) 1 不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ) (subject) to keep smiling is healthy for you. its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study engl

12、ish. 單個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)單個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí), ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 若不定式太長(zhǎng)若不定式太長(zhǎng), ,往往用往往用itit作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ), ,不不 定式后置。定式后置。 my job to protect the world. my ambition is to _. is 2 不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ) (predicative) seeing is to believe. to see is believing. seeing is believing. to see is to believe. 不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞 be, seem, appear,

13、get, remain等后作表語(yǔ)。等后作表語(yǔ)。 all you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 如果主語(yǔ)部分有個(gè)表示不定式內(nèi)容的如果主語(yǔ)部分有個(gè)表示不定式內(nèi)容的do, 用作表語(yǔ)的不定式可省略用作表語(yǔ)的不定式可省略to。 yao ming likes to play basketball. i find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win. 3 不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ) (object) 句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to d

14、o 常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish。 你記得哪一條路到那兒?jiǎn)幔磕阌?/p>

15、得哪一條路到那兒?jiǎn)幔?do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你決定了嗎下一步干什么你決定了嗎? have you decided what to do next? 我來(lái)問(wèn)他怎么樣開(kāi)這機(jī)器。我來(lái)問(wèn)他怎么樣開(kāi)這機(jī)器。 ill ask him how to operate the machine. 1) 不定式有時(shí)和連接代詞不定式有時(shí)和連接代詞/副詞構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)。副詞構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)。 2) 有時(shí)不定式由有時(shí)不定式由whether引起。引起。 i didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it. 3) feel, fi

16、nd, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式做賓語(yǔ)，等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式做賓語(yǔ)， 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是形容詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是形容詞(間或是名詞間或是名詞)，常用，常用it作形作形 式賓語(yǔ)，把不定式后移。式賓語(yǔ)，把不定式后移。 i find it difficult to work with him. 4 不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ) (object complement) my mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day. the teacher told me to clean the blackboar

17、d. i expect you to give me some help. 引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞： warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等 +sb to do sth listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe notice 三三 使使 let make have 二聽(tīng)二聽(tīng) 一感覺(jué)一感覺(jué): feel + sb do sth （不帶不帶to） 1. they saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. the boy was seen to fall

18、 suddenly from the tree. 但當(dāng)以上的動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)式，但當(dāng)以上的動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)式，to要還原：要還原： 2. mother made john wash the car for a week. john was made to wash the car for a week. 3 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides 后時(shí)后時(shí), 如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的的 各種形式各種形式, 那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to, 相反則帶相反則帶to。 1. she could do nothing but cry

19、. 2. i have no choice but to go. 3. what do you like to do besides sleep. 5 不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ) (attribute) 1. kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. 2. tom has a nice pen to write with. 1. 不不定式作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間定式作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間 有三有三種關(guān)系：種關(guān)系： i have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 he is always the first

20、 to come. 他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)。他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)。 we all have a chance to go to college. 我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。 (1) 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 (2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系 (3)同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系 2. 當(dāng)名詞被當(dāng)名詞被the first ,the last, the only 等詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)等詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) eg: she is always the first to come and the last to leave. 3. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不

21、定代詞常用不定式等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式 做后置定語(yǔ)。做后置定語(yǔ)。 注意比較：注意比較： 1) have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？你有什么東西要寄嗎？ 2) have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you） （不定式（不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是 已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else） 5. 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞, 則后面需則后面需 適當(dāng)?shù)慕?/p>

22、詞。適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 please pass me some paper to write _. on 4. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 there is no one to take care of her. i have no jewelry to wear. i got up early to _. you came here to_. in order to, so as to, enough to, only to, too . to catch the train 6 不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ) (adverbial) 在一些短語(yǔ)中也有體現(xiàn)

23、在一些短語(yǔ)中也有體現(xiàn) eg: he spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. 1. 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to so/ such as to do 不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ) 2. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后作不定式可以用在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后作 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ), sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。 eg: im

24、 glad / pleased to see you. we were surprised to hear the news. so + adj. / adv. + as to do such + adj. + n. +as to do adj. / adv.+ enough + to do too + adv. / adj. +to do he was so foolish as to believe it. = he was such a fool as to believe it. = he was foolish enough to believe it. 3. 結(jié)果狀結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ): :

25、常與常與only , enough 或或too連用連用 he studied hard only to fail the exam. to tell the truth, i am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be honest to tell the truth 7 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (absolute construction) 8. 不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)： 不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)多由不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)多由“not +不定式不定式”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成， 否定副詞否定副詞 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于

26、 to前。前。 請(qǐng)告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。請(qǐng)告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。 please tell your child not to play in the street. 她檢查名字為了不犯錯(cuò)誤。她檢查名字為了不犯錯(cuò)誤。 she checked the names so as not to make mistakes. 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 形形 式式 主主 動(dòng)動(dòng) 被被 動(dòng)動(dòng) 一般式一般式 進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式 完成式完成式 完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn) 行式行式 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing to be done t

27、o have been done (1) they pretended not to see us. (2) he pretended to be sleeping. (3) she pretended to have known it before. (一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎幾乎/發(fā)發(fā) 生在它之后。生在它之后。) (在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也不定式的動(dòng)作也 正在進(jìn)行。正在進(jìn)行。) (完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。) (4) were happy to have been working w

28、ith you. (完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前, 不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也 繼續(xù)。繼續(xù)。) 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài) 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式 to do i am glad to see you. he has decided to give her some money. 表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是 在它之后發(fā)生。在它之后發(fā)生。 不定式的進(jìn)行式不定式的進(jìn)行式to be doing i am very g

29、lad to be working with you. he pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him. 表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng) 作同時(shí)發(fā)生。作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have done he happened to have seen the film before. the novel is believed to have been translated into chinese. 不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)之前

30、。或狀態(tài)之前。 he wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time. 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃 hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned he would like to have played the violin at the concert. 不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后邊表示后邊表示 未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) to do

31、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) to be done it is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting. everyone likes the hero to be praised. we asked him to stay till the next day, but he refused to. are you a teacher? yes, and i have to be. what we want to do now is lie down and have a good rest. i didnt say anything but

32、 to make a gesture. 省略省略to與省略與省略do 1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing) 2. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 3. would rather do 4. would rather + 句子（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）句子（虛擬語(yǔ)氣） 5. advise / allow/ permit/ forbid sb. to do advise / allow / permit/ forbid doing 固定詞組和句型固定詞組和句型 the question is very difficult to answ

33、er. the problem is difficult to deal with. 1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容詞有能用于此句型的形容詞有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome (使人疲勞的使人疲勞的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式 the box is light enough to carry. the river water

34、 is warm enough to swim in. 2. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+be +adj. + enough +to do the books seemed too heavy to carry. the ice is too thin to skate on. 3. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+be +too +adj. +to do 1. last summer i took a course on _. a. how to make dresses b. how dresses be made c. how to be made dresses d. how dresses to be made 課堂練兵課

35、堂練兵 2. ive worked with children before, so i know what _ in my new job. a. expected b. to expect c. to be expecting d. expects 3. there are five pairs_, but i am at a loss which to buy. a to be chosen b to choose from c to choose d for choosing 4. i find these problems are easy _. a. to be worked ou

36、t b. to work them out c. to work out d. to be worked them out 5. _ late in the morning, bob turned off the alarm. a. to sleep b. sleeping c. sleep d. having slept 6. i would love _ to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report. a. to go b. having gone c. going d. to have g

37、one 7. john was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. a. to wash b. washing c. wash d. to be washing 8. tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. a. so not as to b. so as not to c. so as to not d. not so as to 9. the patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. a. to eat not b. e

38、ating not c. not to eat d. not eating 1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 廣東卷廣東卷) a. having made b. make c. to make d. making 2. leonardo da vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重慶卷重慶卷) a. is said to be bu

39、ying b. is said to have bought c. had said to buy d. has said to have bought 3. i like getting up very early in summer. the morning air is so good _. (2008 全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷) a. to be breathed b. to breathe c. breathing d. being breathed 4. did the book give the information you needed? yes. but _ it, i had to

40、read the entire book. (2008 北京卷北京卷) a. to find b. find c. to finding d. finding 5. david threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷上海卷) a. to be reported b. reporting c. to report d. having reported 6. with the world changing fast, we have something new _ with al

41、l by ourselves every day. (2009 重慶卷重慶卷) a. deal b. dealt c. to deal d. dealing 7. the children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷i) a. looked at b. to look at c. to looking at d. look at 8. with fathers day around the corner, i have taken some money out of the

42、 bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全國(guó)全國(guó)i卷卷) a. buy b. to buy c. buying d. to have bought 9. there were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (2010 江西卷江西卷) a. to discover b. to be discovered c. discovered d .being discovered 10. we were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition

43、. (2010 遼寧卷遼寧卷) a. finding b. to find c. find d. to be found 11. i have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山東卷山東卷) a. completing b. to complete c. completed d. being completed 12. in many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷四川卷) a. to d

44、eal with b. dealing with c. to be dealt with d. dealt with 1 愛(ài)和被愛(ài)都是最大的幸福。愛(ài)和被愛(ài)都是最大的幸福。 _ are both great happiness. 2 據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。 he is said _ _. 3 根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。 they are reported _. to love and to be loved to have finished/completed his work 翻譯下面的句子。翻譯下面的句子。 to have arrived

45、safely 4 我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車(chē)。我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車(chē)。 i want this bike _ _. 5 瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了。瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了。 mary seemed _. 6 眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚 金牌。金牌。 he is known _ a gold medal at the olympics. to be repaired at once to have been told about it to have been given /immediately i want to tell you something

46、 . make up a short passage using make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as the infinitive as much as possible. the beginning of the possible. the beginning of the passage is given below.passage is given below. for examplefor example hi, i want to tell you something. i will go to ruian for shopping this af