unit 3 back to the past一、語基必備知識(一)重點詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯知其意1pour vi涌流，傾瀉vt.倒出(液體)2flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速離開3disaster n.災難4document n.文獻，文件5ceremony n.儀式，典禮6march vi.& n.前進，進發；游行7sandstorm n.沙塵暴，風沙8statue n.雕塑，雕像9historical adj.歷史的；與歷史研究相關的10memorial n.紀念館，紀念碑adj.紀念的.核心詞匯寫其形1lecture n.講座2found vt.興建，創建；建立，創辦3gradually adv.漸漸地，逐漸地4material n.材料；物質adj.物質的5nearby adj.& adv.在附近(的)6ahead adv.(時間、空間)在前面；提前，預先；領先7judge v.判斷；審判n.法官，審判員；裁判員8destroy vt.毀壞，摧毀9ruin n.廢墟；毀壞vt.破壞，毀滅10declare vt.宣布，宣稱.拓展詞匯通其變1decorate vt.裝飾，裝潢decoration n裝飾，裝飾品2wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n財富，財產3wooden adj.木制的wood n木料，樹林4explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸，爆發5complain vi.抱怨complaint n抱怨6expression n表達；表情，神色 express vt.表達，表示7educate vt.教育education n教育，培養educator n教育者，教育家8aware adj.意識到的，知道的；察覺到的awareness n認識，意識9._remains n遺物，遺跡，遺骸remain v遺留，剩余；繼續存在remaining adj.剩余的10unfortunate adj.不幸的，遺憾的unfortunately adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遺憾地fortunate adj.幸運的fortunately adv.幸運地11poison n毒藥，毒物vt.毒害，下毒poisonous adj.有毒的12powerful adj.強有力的power n動力，權力1.“走”遍天下wander vi.漫步；閑逛pace v.踱步；緩慢而行crawl v.爬行；匍匐行進march v.行軍，進軍rush v.沖；奔；闖walk v.散步；步行2.“n.n.”合成詞一覽steamboat汽船armchair 扶手椅sandstorm 沙塵暴teamwork 協作airfield (軍用)機場3.“儀式”面面觀opening ceremony開幕式closing ceremony 閉幕式wedding ceremony 結婚典禮funeral (ceremony) 葬禮celebration 慶典feast/banquet 宴會(二)重點短語記牢用活1take_over奪取；接管2._under_protection受保護3turn_out結果是4break_down分解；失敗；崩潰；拋錨5together_with與一起6be_divided_into被劃分為7on_exhibition展出，展覽8go_through穿過，通過；瀏覽；經受9carry_out執行，貫徹，完成，履行10in_memory_of紀念11no_doubt無疑，確實12rise_up_against起義，反抗13stand_in_ones_path阻礙(某人)14come_down_with患(病)15make_sb.aware_of讓某人意識到16have_enough_of對感到厭煩17take_part_in參加18ahead_of在前面19less_than少于20declare_war_against向宣戰1.“undern.”短語薈萃under protection受保護under consideration 在考慮中under construction 在建造中under control 在控制中under discussion 在討論中under guarantee 在保修期內2.“non.”短語小結no doubt無疑，確實no wonder 難怪no way 沒門，不行no hurry 不急，勿慌no problem 沒問題no surprise 毫無意外3.“對感到厭煩”表達種種be/grow tired ofbe fed up withbe bored withbe sick ofhave enough of(三)重點句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：介詞位于句首完全倒裝near_the_city_was_a_volcano.離城市不遠處有一座火山。句型2：v.ing作結果狀語it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving_empty_spaces_in_the_ash原來，火山灰覆蓋了沒能逃離城市的人，他們的身體幾乎全部燒化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空當。句型3：it作形式主語it_is_believed_to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from ad 200 to ad 400.人們認為，從公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙塵暴逐漸吞沒。句型4：with賓語賓語補足語in less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with_1，177_men_on_board在不到9分鐘的時間里，船連同船上的1 777人都沉了下去。二、語境強化訓練.語境填詞根據提示寫出該詞的適當形式1(2019全國卷)you also need to judge(判斷) the quality and depth of your motivation.2the judges had different ideas about the results, so it was two hours before the results were declared(宣布)3as we all know, tsinghua university founded(成立) more than ten decades ago has developed into a worldclass university.4we stopped at the nearby(附近的) shop to buy some drinks before climbing the mountain.5a new series of simple english reading materials(材料) for middle school students has come out this year.6(2018北京卷)their expressions(express)suggested they had affection for chinese tea culture.7any remaining(remain) tickets for the concert will be sold on the door.8his confidence built up gradually(gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.9accustomed to being poor, he found it hard to adapt to a wealthy(wealth) life in a short period of time.10hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled(flee) the thief.派生詞練習用所給詞的適當形式填空1it is time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.if so, he can gradually raise public moral awareness(aware)2he has a wealth of experience, and often tells us that early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy, wealthy and wise.(wealth)3he got a little education because of poverty, so he always educates his children to value the chance of study.(educate)4enough rest and proper diet have brought back her strength gradually,_and its really a gradual process.(gradual).選詞成篇turn out; break down; together with; no doubt; take part induring the summer holiday, i, 1.together_with some students, 2.took_part_in a voluntary activity, which focused on the education of poor children.after a hard day, we were very tired and nearly 3.broke_down. however, it 4.turned_out to be effective.there was 5.no_doubt that the activity was very significant.take over; stand in ones path; come down with; rise up against; in memory ofin my hometown there was a statue set up 6.in_memory_of a brave officer who called on the villagers to 7.rise_up_against the enemy in the second world war. even when he 8.came_down_with a serious illness, he never let it 9.stand_in_his_path. it was through thick and thin that he finally helped the villagers 10.take_over the control of our town.完成句子1在泰山腳下坐落著一座美麗的城市泰安。at_the_foot_of_mount_tai_sits a beautiful citytaian.2地震襲擊了他的家鄉，造成600多人死亡。the earthquake struck his hometown, leaving_more_than_600_deaths3令人驚訝的是他今天早上上學遲到了。it_is_surprising_that he came late to school this morning.4他走出大廳，后面跟著一群記者。he walked out of the hall with_a_crowd_of_journalists_following_him ruinnu毀壞；常用復數廢墟vt.(使)毀壞；成為廢墟基礎練習單句語法填空(北京卷)when they returned to rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)he returned home several years later, only to be told the whole supermarket had_been_ruined(ruin) in a great fire.能力提升一句多譯他犯了個錯誤， 這讓他失去了出國的機會。he made a mistake, which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定語從句)he made a mistake, ruining_the_chance of going abroad.(分詞作狀語)(1)lie/be in ruins成為廢墟be reduced to ruins淪為廢墟(2)ruin oneself毀掉自己；自取滅亡ruin ones health/fame/future毀壞某人的健康/聲譽/前途佳句背誦 a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins.許多高樓在三年前除了廢墟什么也沒有的地方拔地而起。 remainsn遺跡；遺體；剩余物基礎練習單句語法填空a.(2019天津卷)the living environment of other species will remain unchanged(change)b(四川卷)ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.it remains to_be_seen(see) whether jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.能力提升完成句子盡管他們有爭吵，他們仍然是最好的朋友。in spite of their quarrel, they remain_the_best_friends (1)remain vi剩下；停留；留待；保持remain link.v.(adj./n./分詞/介詞短語)保持；仍然是remain to be done某事有待去做(2)remaining adj.余下的，剩下的 佳句背誦 there remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.人們對這一項目的實用價值仍抱有懷疑。(安徽卷) complainvi.抱怨；發牢騷；訴說；控訴基礎練習單句語法填空(2018天津卷) the students began complaining about/of how cold it would be.in time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint(complain) to each other but understanding of each other.john is so offended that he threatens to make a complaint to their boss.能力提升完成句子一些高中學生抱怨他們沒有時間閱讀，因為他們有太多的家庭作業要做。some of the senior students complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read because they had too much homework to do.(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth. (向某人)投訴/抱怨(做)某事complain (to sb.) that.(向某人)抱怨(2)complaint n.抱怨，牢騷，投訴make a complaint to sb. about/of sth.向某人抱怨某事 佳句背誦 he complained to me that he had done everything with all his strength, but failed to pass the tests. 他向我抱怨他已經盡全力做了一切， 但是還是考試不及格。 expressionn表達；表情，神色基礎練習單句語法填空seeing the remains of those who died in the earthquake，we have trouble finding proper words to give expression(express) to our mind.its wellknown that the beauty of west lake is beyond expression(express)能力提升完成句子(陜西卷)我代表我校，向你表示熱烈的歡迎。on behalf of our school，i would like to_express_our_warm_welcome_to_you (1)beyond expression無法表達；形容不出give expression to陳述；表達出(2)express vt.表達；表示；表露express oneself表達自己的思想感情 佳句背誦 their answers should be based on gestures，body language and facial expression.他們的回答應該是基于姿勢、體態語言和面部表情的。 declarevt.宣布；聲明；表明；宣稱基礎練習單句語法填空/完成句子(2019全國卷)picking up her “lifetime achievement” award, proud irene declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.in 1972, president richard nixon declared the third sunday of june every year to_be(be) fathers day in america.in september 1939, britain declared_war_on_germany(向德國宣戰) after germany invaded poland.declare sb./sth. to be宣布某人/某事declare for/against宣布贊成/反對declare war (on/against)(向)宣戰declare sth. open/closed宣布開始/結束佳句背誦 li ping, my best friend, should declare against my suggestion at the meeting. 我最好的朋友李萍竟然在會議上宣布反對我的建議。 awareadj.意識到的，知道的；察覺到的基礎練習單句語法填空when visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and respect them.it is important that students develop an awareness(aware) of valuing parents love.能力提升完成句子(湖北卷)作為社會的一員， 我意識到有責任感是建設一個更好的社會所需要的。as_a_member_of_the_society,_i_am_aware_that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society. (1)be/become aware of知道，感覺到be aware that.知道；意識到make sb.aware of使某人意識到(2)awareness n.認識，意識raise an awareness of.提高的意識 佳句背誦 in conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.總之，全世界的人們應該意識到水資源短缺的真實情況。(福建卷) judgevt.斷定；判斷；判決n裁判員；法官基礎練習單句語法填空(2018江蘇卷)the economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)as the saying goes，“we should never judge a person by/from his looks.”judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we dont judge a man by his looks.能力提升完成句子我認為，他們讓一些學生帶手機是錯誤的。as_far_as_i_can_judge,_it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones. (1)judge.from/by.從來判斷as far as i can judge據我判斷，我認為(2)judging by/from.根據判斷(3)judgement n.看法，意見；判斷力；審判，判決佳句背誦 im writing to invite you to be a judge at our english speech contest to be held in our school on june 15.我寫信邀請你擔任6月15日在我們學校舉辦的英語演講比賽的裁判。 take over 奪取，占據；接替；接管基礎練習用take的相關短語填空with economy recovering，more and more workers are taken_onthe plane took_off in spite of the bad weather.since jerry is absent today，lets get someone else to take_over the work where it was left off yesterday.im very sorry for having taken_up so much of your time.they will certainly need to take_in plenty of liquid.take up拿起；占用；從事take on承擔；呈現；雇傭take in吸收，吸入；欺騙，使上當take off脫下(衣服等)；起飛；開始獲得成功 佳句背誦 it was reported that the city had been taken over by the rebel forces.據報道那座城市已被叛軍奪取了。 in memory of紀念；追念基礎練習用右欄短語填空some people are in_favour_of education reform, while others are against it.could i speak to whoever is in_charge_of international sales please?the couple held a dinner party in_celebration_of their wedding anniversary.能力提升完成句子隨著端午節的臨近，我們計劃舉行一場龍舟賽，以紀念古代著名詩人屈原。with the dragon boat festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in_memory_of/in_honour_of_the_famous_ancient_poet,_qu_yuanin favour of支持；贊同；對有利in face of面臨；面對in honour of為紀念；祝賀；為了向表示敬意in charge of負責；掌管in celebration of.為了慶祝in search of尋找 佳句背誦 they built a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.為了紀念在大地震中死去的人們，他們建了一座紀念碑。 no doubt無疑，確實基礎練習單句改錯we have no doubt if he will succeed in the research work.ifthati never doubt whether special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.whetherthatit is no need to wait for him; he has gone abroad for long.itthere能力提升完成句子(廣東卷)毫無疑問熬夜更有可能導致人的過分焦慮。 there_is_no_doubt_that_staying_up_is_more_likely_to result in overanxiety. (1)there is no doubt that.毫無疑問there is some doubt whether.懷疑是否beyond/without doubt毫無疑問(2)dont doubt that.對不懷疑doubt whether/if.懷疑/不相信是否(3)there is no need to do sth.做某事沒必要。there is no point (in) doing sth.做某事沒意義。 佳句背誦 there is no doubt that children there are badly in need of care and help.毫無疑問，那里的兒童非常需要關懷和幫助。 ving形式作結果狀語(教材p43)it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.原來，火山灰覆蓋了沒能逃離城市的人，他們的身體幾乎全部燒化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空當。基礎練習單句語法填空he got up late and hurried to his office, leaving(leave) the breakfast untouched.i came to new york from far away to see him, only to_find(find) he had gone abroad two days before. (1)v.ing形式作結果狀語表示一種自然而然的結果，常置于句尾。(2)動詞不定式作結果狀語表示偶然的、出乎意料的結果，前面常加only。 佳句背誦 her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.她的丈夫十年前就去世了，撇下她和三個需要照顧的孩子。 動名詞的復合結構(教材p43)the desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity!這片沙漠曾經是綠樹成蔭的綠洲，但那些樹被砍倒了，結果這座城市被沙塵埋了起來多么遺憾啊！能力提升完成句子最讓那個孩子擔心的是不允許他去看望生病住院的媽媽。what worried the child most was his_not_being_allowed to visit his mother in hospital.他開會遲到讓校長很生氣。his_being_late for the meeting made the schoolmaster very angry.本句是but 連接的并列句，resulted in后面的賓語the city being buried by sand是動名詞的復合結構。city與bury之間存在被動關系，故用being buried。(1)在動名詞的復合結構中，其邏輯主語一般由物主代詞、名詞所有格、人稱代詞的賓格和名詞的普通格來充當。(2)如果動名詞的復合結構作主語，其邏輯主語用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。 with賓語賓語補足語(教材p55)in less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with 1，177 men on board.在不到9分鐘的時間里，船連同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。基礎練習單句語法填空(重慶卷)last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above the average.a.(2018浙江卷6月)with the night approaching(approach), i became worried and could not keep calm.b(山東卷)the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid(lay) for a meal to be cooked.cwith so many essays to_write(write), she wont have time to go shopping this morning.能力提升句式升級(普通表達)as a new stadium has been built in our school, more sports events can be held.(2018全國卷)(高級表達)with_a_new_stadium_built_in_our_school,_more sports events can be held.(with復合結構)with復合結構常作原因、條件、時間、方式或伴隨狀語，也可作后置定語。(1)with賓語形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(2)with賓語doing (3)with賓語done (4)with賓語to do佳句背誦 he is used to sleeping with the windows open at night in the summer.他習慣在夏天的夜晚開著窗子睡覺。mr. smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.史密斯先生手里拿著一本書走進了教室。名師點津 在with復合結構中，不定式表示將來的動作；現在分詞說明這一動作和前面的賓語之間是主動關系，且指這一動作正在進行；過去分詞說明這一動作與前面的賓語之間是被動關系，且指這一動作已完成。維度一在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式1it rained nonstop for half a month，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.2daves coming(come) home late worried his mother.3it has been more than 100 years since tsinghua university was founded(found)4i sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression(express) of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.5unfortunately(fortune)，his father died, leaving(leave) the family even worse off.維度二在空白處填入1個適當的單詞1the american couple sitting next to me is complaining about the high cost of visiting europe.2the research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.3through the window i saw the girls room was decorated with small moons and small stars.4theres some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.5id rather you got your father to take over the job now，in which case you can do everything in your power to prepare for the coming experiment.維度三語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)1(2018全國卷)after the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are requested to make comments and express their views about the film.表達2(2019北京卷)not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.意識3after the fierce quarrel, the explorer remained cold and distant.保持4there is no doubt that a true friend is a person who can share your joys as well as sorrows whatever happens.無疑維度四易錯誤用(改正下列句子中的錯誤)1there is no doubt whether nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.whetherthat2the headmaster didnt seem to aware that there should have been so much disagreement about the decision.在to后加be3judged from his expression, we know that he is pleased with it.judgedjudging4unfortunate, it rained heavily on saturday, and i had to stay at home.unfortunateunfortunately5failure was slowly destroyed him.destroyeddestroying_或刪除was6i think there is one problem remains to be solved.remainsremaining7after the earthquake i saw the whole town in ruin, but now everything has changed.ruinruins8we were taken off by his innocent, boyish looks.offin維度五完成句子1在畢業典禮上，我們的校長要求我們提高在現代社會里的競爭意識。at the graduation ceremony，our headmaster required us to raise_our_competitive_awareness in modern society.2他向我抱怨說，老師對他的學習要求太嚴了。he complained_to_me_about_the_teacher，who was too strict with him in his study.3我們明天做什么？尚不清楚會議是否會按計劃舉行。what will we do tomorrow?it is unclear whether the meeting will go_ahead_as_planned4那位女士說她要用剩余的20美元為女兒買一份禮物。the lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with_the_remaining_20_dollars5那場大火持續了近一周，沒有剩下