現在完成時教學設計一、教學目標：（一）知識目標：1.掌握現在完成時這一語法項目，即have/has+動詞過去分詞。2.掌握利用現在完成時來談論過去的經歷這一語言功能目標。3.學會區別一般過去、現在完成時在時間上的不同。（二）能力目標：1.培養學生能用現在完成時談論自己過去的經歷，能夠正確地運用現在完成時和一般過去時。2.培養學生的學習興趣，開拓學生的視野，增強學生對外界知識的了解。3.結合教材內容，培養學生的閱讀能力。（三）情感教育目標：1.使學生在學習中學會交流、合作，增強英語的重要性意識和未來的職業意識、世界意識。2.使學生通過閱讀交流，獲得閱讀的快樂、促進學習成就感。3.引導學生觀察、思考，促進認識能力的發展。教學過程：（1）構成：現在完成時由助動詞have + 過去分詞構成，助動詞have 有人稱和數的變化。第三人稱單數用has，其余用have。I have studiedHe/She has studied現在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑問式簡單回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）現在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。說話人強調的是該動作或狀態對現在的結果或影響。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和包括現在在內的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：1）since和for的區別since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時間，表示“長達多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8.for since2）表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續。因此，不能說： He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 常見非延續性動詞和延續性動詞的轉變v arrive/come/go to-be in die -be deadv become a -be a borrow -keep v Leave -be away buy -have 以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes.3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經回來了）Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現在已經不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經到加拿大）.4）現在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：She has already come. 她已經來了。I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學生。I have often seen him in the street. 我經常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yanan. 他們從未去過延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 1. have, seen, saw 2. H