焦點(diǎn)教育出品 2013 年 4 月 14 日托福考試真題及解析 時(shí)代焦點(diǎn)的老師為廣大的考生整理了 2013 年 4 月 14 日托福考試的真題及解析 希望可以給日后考 試的考生給予一定的借鑒 聽力部分 時(shí)代焦點(diǎn)的老師為廣大的考生整理了 2013 年 4 月 14 日托福考試的真題及解析 希望可以給日后考 試的考生給予一定的借鑒 聽力部分 Conversation1 一個(gè)女學(xué)生是教授助理 去休假 回來后問教授關(guān)于論文寫作的的事 她想寫有關(guān) Dolphins 的論文 女生提到度假中查了 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代的老資料 教授說太老了應(yīng)該查 2004 年的資料 這樣才能顯示出她認(rèn) 真做過一定的文獻(xiàn)分析工作 另外 教授提醒女生注意選題 因?yàn)樗谕谡撐闹畜w現(xiàn)出 analysis on problems 而不是僅僅做 summary 女生補(bǔ)充說度假時(shí)有單位給她工作 offer 教授提議不如先讀個(gè) master 女生說還是傾向于先工作再讀 master Lecture 1 對(duì)一個(gè)南極探險(xiǎn)者的評(píng)價(jià)的變化 有一個(gè)英國探險(xiǎn)家去南極因?yàn)闅夂蛱?結(jié)果沒回來 后來他的老 婆就把他的 notes 整理出書了 引起轟動(dòng) 成了 one of the best seller 整個(gè)英國都把這個(gè)人當(dāng)英雄 大人孩子都特別喜歡他 老師說這有兩個(gè)原因 1 歷史原因 二戰(zhàn)之前人人恐慌 有英雄情結(jié) 2 他的夫 人做了編輯整理和潤(rùn)飾宣傳 然后來有個(gè)人又去南極 然后覺得那個(gè)所謂的英雄特別笨 這里有個(gè)雙選題 問批評(píng)他什么 有一個(gè)是組織能力 另外一個(gè)是沒有用雪橇犬 再后來又有個(gè)女的要為這個(gè)英雄正名 就 研究了那個(gè)時(shí)候的一些天氣數(shù)據(jù) 發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè) weather 特別糟糕 這里有題 以 Coldest March 為題出版 表明當(dāng)時(shí)的三月異常寒冷 因此更突顯這個(gè)英國探險(xiǎn)家的特別不容易 結(jié)尾的時(shí)候老師說 you might think why it was so late 問教授干嘛這么說 意思是說這個(gè)女的沒有解答全部的質(zhì)疑者的問題 Lecture 2 根據(jù)老鼠胡子設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人 剛開始時(shí)候不知道老鼠胡子的感受原理 機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)完了知道了 機(jī)器人 有感受器 接收了電腦重建 image 發(fā)現(xiàn)很準(zhǔn) 后來說老鼠胡子長(zhǎng)度能感受 texture 長(zhǎng)短感受光不光滑是 不一樣的 這個(gè)機(jī)器人還不行 最后老師說還沒有提到 light sensors 機(jī)器人以后會(huì)有很多功能 比如 在黑暗的地方進(jìn)行作業(yè)等 Conversation 2 校廣播站站長(zhǎng)沒錢了去找 dean dean 說學(xué)校不給錢 只提供地方且學(xué)校廣播站是學(xué)生組織和非盈利性 機(jī)構(gòu) 學(xué)生說理解 但還是希望 dean 能提供好的建議 提到之所以遇到 financial problem 有兩個(gè)原因 一是因?yàn)橐郧昂芏嗟胤狡髽I(yè)都來廣播站做廣告 現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代了都不來了 他們傾向于在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布廣告 二是企業(yè)認(rèn)為該校廣播臺(tái)影響面比較小也不出名 院長(zhǎng)說替他們預(yù)約學(xué)校 development 的專業(yè)人士咨詢一 下 他們或許能給出更加專業(yè)性和有效地幫助 Lecture 3 海洋生物學(xué) 講越來越多的 artificial reef 在被建造 這是因?yàn)槿斯?reef 的好處 越 rough 越好 hole 越多越好 增加了生物的多樣性 biodiversity 這是因?yàn)橛行┬?dòng)物能將 hole 當(dāng)做自己的 inhabitant place 而大型海洋動(dòng)物喜歡 rough 的環(huán)境 rough 的環(huán)境能夠方面他們棲息 w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 Lecture 4 Greek 以前用 marble 后來不用了 而羅馬用 concrete 首先聽力中提到不知道 concrete 是希臘人發(fā) 明的還是意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的 不管怎樣 concrete 開始在越來越多的建筑物當(dāng)中使用 因?yàn)樗鼒?jiān)固 能夠建造更 大型的更寬敞的建筑 比如集市或議會(huì)樓等 但是 concrete 也有缺陷 就是不好看 因此在建筑時(shí)往往會(huì) 在 concrete 上面弄些裝飾性的磚或大理石 這樣看上去會(huì)好看很多 本次托福聽力考試難度與今年的前幾次考試相比并無太大變化 但是需要注意的是講座中考到了不常 出現(xiàn)的工程學(xué) 這也意味著同學(xué)們平時(shí)泛聽的材料也不應(yīng)該局限于常見的四大主題 而是應(yīng)該做好 ETS 不 按套路出牌的準(zhǔn)備 廣泛涉獵各個(gè)學(xué)科 其他三篇分別為歷史類 海洋生物學(xué)類和建筑類 Conversation1 一個(gè)女學(xué)生是教授助理 去休假 回來后問教授關(guān)于論文寫作的的事 她想寫有關(guān) Dolphins 的論文 女生提到度假中查了 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代的老資料 教授說太老了應(yīng)該查 2004 年的資料 這樣才能顯示出她認(rèn) 真做過一定的文獻(xiàn)分析工作 另外 教授提醒女生注意選題 因?yàn)樗谕谡撐闹畜w現(xiàn)出 analysis on problems而不是僅僅做summary 女生補(bǔ)充說度假時(shí)有單位給她工作offer 教授提議不如先讀個(gè)master 女生說還是傾向于先工作再讀 master 聽力部分解析 聽力部分解析 一定要把握住教授提出的兩個(gè)建議 資料應(yīng)該查 04 年的 dolphin 而不是 80 年代的 whale 以及不如 先讀個(gè) master 建議是對(duì)話中很常見的考點(diǎn) Lecture 1 對(duì)一個(gè)南極探險(xiǎn)者的評(píng)價(jià)的變化 有一個(gè)英國探險(xiǎn)家去南極因?yàn)闅夂蛱?結(jié)果沒回來 后來他的老 婆就把他的 notes 整理出書了 引起轟動(dòng) 成了 one of the best seller 整個(gè)英國都把這個(gè)人當(dāng)英雄 大人孩子都特別喜歡他 老師說這有兩個(gè)原因 1 歷史原因 二戰(zhàn)之前人人恐慌 有英雄情結(jié) 2 他的夫 人做了編輯整理和潤(rùn)飾宣傳 然后來有個(gè)人又去南極 然后覺得那個(gè)所謂的英雄特別笨 這里有個(gè)雙選題 問批評(píng)他什么 有一個(gè)是組織能力 另外一個(gè)是沒有用雪橇犬 再后來又有個(gè)女的要為這個(gè)英雄正名 就 研究了那個(gè)時(shí)候的一些天氣數(shù)據(jù) 發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè) weather 特別糟糕 這里有題 以 Coldest March 為題出版 表明當(dāng)時(shí)的三月異常寒冷 因此更突顯這個(gè)英國探險(xiǎn)家的特別不容易 結(jié)尾的時(shí)候老師說 you might think why it was so late 問教授干嘛這么說 意思是說這個(gè)女的沒有解答全部的質(zhì)疑者的問題 文章解析 歷史類講座 歷史和藝術(shù)史講座中最長(zhǎng)出現(xiàn)的是藝術(shù)家的生平 但是本文另辟蹊徑講了一位探險(xiǎn)家 explorer 的生活 老師總結(jié)的兩個(gè)原因同時(shí)符合我們的因果和羅列原則 一定是全文的核心內(nèi)容 有個(gè)女 的批評(píng)探險(xiǎn)家的兩個(gè)內(nèi)容同樣屬于羅列 考了四選二 還有需要注意的就是一個(gè)對(duì)比考點(diǎn) 大眾對(duì)探險(xiǎn)家 前后態(tài)度發(fā)生的變化 Lecture 2 根據(jù)老鼠胡子設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人 剛開始時(shí)候不知道老鼠胡子的感受原理 機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)完了知道了 機(jī)器人 有感受器 接收了電腦重建 image 發(fā)現(xiàn)很準(zhǔn) 后來說老鼠胡子長(zhǎng)度能感受 texture 長(zhǎng)短感受光不光滑是 w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 不一樣的 這個(gè)機(jī)器人還不行 最后老師說還沒有提到 light sensors 機(jī)器人以后會(huì)有很多功能 比如 在黑暗的地方進(jìn)行作業(yè)等 文章解析 本篇文章是披著工程學(xué)外衣的仿生學(xué)講座 難點(diǎn)主要在表格題 要求考生選出哪些功能是老鼠和機(jī)器 人都有的 哪些是只屬于老鼠或機(jī)器人的 涉及細(xì)節(jié)比較多 非常容易錯(cuò)選 最后老師說機(jī)器人將來還會(huì) 有很多功能 此處屬于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的態(tài)度題出題點(diǎn) 表示教授對(duì)某事物將來前途的預(yù)測(cè) 仿生學(xué)相關(guān)的講座大家 可以參考 TPO 中的關(guān)于蝙蝠和海豚的講座 Conversation 2 校廣播站站長(zhǎng)沒錢了去找 dean dean 說學(xué)校不給錢 只提供地方且學(xué)校廣播站是學(xué)生組織和非盈利性 機(jī)構(gòu) 學(xué)生說理解 但還是希望 dean 能提供好的建議 提到之所以遇到 financial problem 有兩個(gè)原因 一是因?yàn)橐郧昂芏嗟胤狡髽I(yè)都來廣播站做廣告 現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代了都不來了 他們傾向于在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布廣告 二是企業(yè)認(rèn)為該校廣播臺(tái)影響面比較小也不出名 院長(zhǎng)說替他們預(yù)約學(xué)校 development 的專業(yè)人士咨詢一 下 他們或許能給出更加專業(yè)性和有效地幫助 文章解析 本篇對(duì)話較簡(jiǎn)單 注意教授羅列的遇到 financial problem 就好 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的多選題考點(diǎn) Lecture 3 海洋生物學(xué) 講越來越多的 artificial reef 在被建造 這是因?yàn)槿斯?reef 的好處 越 rough 越好 hole 越多越好 增加了生物的多樣性 biodiversity 這是因?yàn)橛行┬?dòng)物能將 hole 當(dāng)做自己的 inhabitant place 而大型海洋動(dòng)物喜歡 rough 的環(huán)境 rough 的環(huán)境能夠方面他們棲息 文章解析 本文主要介紹人工魚礁 從機(jī)經(jīng)內(nèi)容可以看出比較級(jí)的出現(xiàn) 越 rough 越好和越多越好 比較級(jí)一直 是 ETS 考查托福聽力的重點(diǎn) 需要引起大家的重視 Lecture 4 Greek 以前用 marble 后來不用了 而羅馬用 concrete 首先聽力中提到不知道 concrete 是希臘人 發(fā)明的還是意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的 不管怎樣 concrete 開始在越來越多的建筑物當(dāng)中使用 因?yàn)樗鼒?jiān)固 能夠建造 更大型的更寬敞的建筑 比如集市或議會(huì)樓等 但是 concrete 也有缺陷 就是不好看 因此在建筑時(shí)往往 會(huì)在 concrete 上面弄些裝飾性的磚或大理石 這樣看上去會(huì)好看很多 文章解析 建筑學(xué)講座 涉及希臘和羅馬的對(duì)比 這是 ETS 的老套路了 參考 TPO18L2 希臘羅馬雕塑的對(duì)比文章 以及 TPO 閱讀中的羅馬希臘對(duì)比 Concrete 這個(gè)選擇既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有缺點(diǎn) 這兩方面的內(nèi)容也是我們聽的重 點(diǎn) w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 閱讀部分 閱讀部分 第一篇 From Cottage To Industry 第二篇 Species Diversity 第三篇 The Greek Dark Ages 有配 圖 古希臘地圖 Ancient Greek 第一篇講 cottage 轉(zhuǎn)為工廠的 第一個(gè)原因是更好的技術(shù) 第二個(gè)是雇主可控制員工的工作時(shí)間 第 三個(gè)是提出一些工廠生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 但每一個(gè)都提出了質(zhì)疑 第二篇講為什么極地動(dòng)物比低緯度得的少 第一個(gè)原因是極限的溫度和光 但被提出了質(zhì)疑 接著說 可能是食物的原因 低緯度食物種類豐富 生物注重特定的幾種食物 很少競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 高緯度食物來源不穩(wěn)定 所以他們吃多種食物 所以他們可能互相競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 第三篇希臘黑暗時(shí)代 一段說貿(mào)易 建筑啥得都廢了 人口驟減 后一段說靠海的城市則好很多 影 響小些 然后黑暗時(shí)代過去后農(nóng)業(yè)宗教跟之前差不多但陶器因?yàn)樾碌墓ぞ哂辛诉M(jìn)步 最后還提到了人口移 民 閱讀部分解析 閱讀部分解析 題目重復(fù)情況 第一篇 From Cottage To Industry 重復(fù) 2010 2 21NA 2012 1 14ML 第二篇 Species Diversity 重復(fù) 2011 11 12NA 第三篇 The Greek Dark Ages 有配圖 古希臘地圖 Ancient Greek 重 復(fù) 2012 10 14ML 2012 3 24ML 2011 4 30NA 所有詞匯題 marginally slightly inevitable versatile elaborate complex inducement incentive accelerating increasing in speed interrupt stagnation to be sure certainly exploit take advantage of 第一篇 From Cottage To Industry w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 最早是手工業(yè) cottage 家庭作坊裝不下大型機(jī)器 machinery 所以 factory 工廠出現(xiàn) 早期工廠 early factories 里面這些機(jī)器 作坊也有 為什么要有工廠 一般認(rèn)為是技術(shù)進(jìn)步使工業(yè)化 但是實(shí)際上應(yīng)該是反過來 工業(yè)化后有了平臺(tái) 有了對(duì)技術(shù)的需求 進(jìn)而才有的技術(shù)進(jìn)步 1750 年以后出現(xiàn)工廠生產(chǎn) 解釋一 剝削 exploit 原來在家自己管自己 工作時(shí)間不確定 而在工 廠有嚴(yán)格時(shí)間要求 但是 也不能確定在家就比在工廠工作時(shí)間短 同時(shí) 這也能減少把原材料運(yùn)到作坊 的成本 解釋二 便于集中組織管理 而實(shí)際上 1750 年以前就有集中的生產(chǎn) centralized workshop 但當(dāng)時(shí) 主要是造船 軍工 奢侈品貿(mào)易 luxury goods 等 需要政府資助 government sponsor 才能夠生存 作坊也有優(yōu)勢(shì) 在蕭條期 可以隨時(shí)減少生產(chǎn)量 以上解釋都無法說明為何非要發(fā)生在 1750 年這個(gè)時(shí)間 timing 文章最后說 大概就是 1750 年以后時(shí) 機(jī)適合 所以才出現(xiàn) Factory System http en wikipedia org wiki Factory system The factory system was a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s and later spread abroad This system replaced the putting out system The main characteristic of the factory system was the use of machinery usually powered by water or steam Other characteristics of the system mostly derive from the use of machinery or economies of scale These characteristics are Change from craftsman labor to mechanized production Before factories many products such as shoes and muskets were made by skilled craftsmen who usually made an entire article often custom and almost always unique In contrast factories practiced division of labour in which most workers were either low skilled laborers who tended or operated machinery and unskilled laborers who moved materials semi finished and finished goods There were a few skilled mechanics Division of labor was also practiced by the putting out system in which for example pieces of leather were cut off site and brought to a central shop to be made into shoes or other articles Economies of scale Factories produced product on a much larger scale than the putting out or crafts systems Because factories could over supply local markets access to transportation was important Factories used far less manpower per unit of production and therefore lowered product cost Location Before the widespread use of steam power and railroads most factories were located at water power sites and near water transportation After the widespread introduction of railroads which coincided with more efficient and affordable steam engines factories could be located away from water power sites but tended to be located along railroads or with access to water transportation w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 Building design Workers and machines were brought together in a central factory building or buildings specially designed to handle the machinery and flow of materials Although all work was usually done under one roof in the earliest factories in multi story buildings different operations were done on different floors Multiple story buildings were common because they facilitated transmission of power from a water wheel turbine or steam engine through line shafts In large factories such as locomotive works different processes were performed in different buildings Foundry and blacksmith operations were normally kept in a separate building for reasons of safety cleanliness and health Product uniformity including any components such as soles heels and uppers for shoes and shoes made to uniform sizes although in the early years a given size from different manufacturers had different dimensions Uniformity was mainly due to the precision possible from machinery but also quality was overseen by management The quality of many machine operations such as sewing was superior to hand methods Near the end of the 19th century the capability of making interchangeable parts from metal was in widespread use Workers were paid either daily wages or for piece work either in the form of money or some combination of money housing meals or goods from a company store See Truck system Piece work went out of favor with the advent of the production line which was designed on standard times for each operation in the sequence and workers had to keep up with the work flow The cost and complexity of machinery especially that powered water or steam was more than cottage industry workers could afford or had the skills to maintain The exception was the sewing machine which allowed putting out of sewing to continue for decades after the rise of factories Home spinning and weaving were displaced after in the years following the introduction of factory production especially where transportation facilitated distribution 1 Because the efficiency of steam engines decreased with decreasing size and because cost per horsepower went up as size went down the smallest steam engines were about 2 horsepower This was a larger size than needed by most workshops and consequently most workshops relied on manual power until electrification in the 1910s and 1920s To overcome this limitation many workshops rented space in power buildings which provided a take off from a line shaft powered by a central steam engine 第二篇 Species Diversity 1 物種多樣性從赤道向極地減少 2 一般認(rèn)為物種數(shù)量變化受到光照或者溫度等變化影響 然后談到深海生物 到水下 2 3 千米以后 一直都是冷的 且深海是一直沒有光照的 但那里生物很多 證明原來觀點(diǎn)不對(duì) 3 經(jīng)研究是受到食物供給 food supply 影響 動(dòng)物在一種環(huán)境生存 當(dāng)有入侵者 invader 時(shí) 原來的 動(dòng)物可能會(huì)掛掉 以前認(rèn)為這是兩動(dòng)物之間發(fā)生物種競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際是食物供給 因?yàn)槿肭终咭参幢?能在這一新環(huán)境生存 w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 4 在熱帶物種多樣性好 是因?yàn)榭此浦挥幸粌煞N食物 但不同生物吃該食物的不同部位 所以食物供 給充足 這類專吃某種食物的動(dòng)物稱為 specialist 5 但并非是食物供給是否充足影響物種多樣性 而是食物供給的波動(dòng)性 在極地的海里 春天和冬天 的食物供給大為不同 春天某海洋植物豐富 微生物吃該植物 魚吃微生物 還有動(dòng)物不遠(yuǎn)萬里從一極趕 到另一極來吃 而在冬天食物稀少的地區(qū) 則生物要競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 舉例 某種灰狼 grey wolf 什么都吃 rabbit caribou 啥的都吃 這類動(dòng)物被稱為 generalist 它們會(huì)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況調(diào)整飲食 而不是只吃某種特定食 物 所以 就會(huì)出現(xiàn)物種之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 從而影響到物種多樣性 Latitudinal Diversity Gradient The increase in species richness or biodiversity that occurs from the poles to the tropics often referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient LDG is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology Put another way in the present day localities at lower latitudes generally have more species than localities at higher latitudes The LDG has been observed to varying degrees in Earth s past Sahney S and Benton M J 2008 Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological 275 1636 759 Explaining the latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the great contemporary challenges of biogeography and macroecology Willig et al 2003 Pimm and Brown 2004 Cardillo et al 2005 Mora C 另一種在排放后捕捉 通過種樹 因?yàn)闃?木會(huì)吸收 CO2 例如某工廠就在工廠周圍中種植很多樹木來吸收產(chǎn)生的 CO2 口語部分解析 口語部分解析 Task 1 學(xué)校獲得一大筆錢 應(yīng)該修建圖書館還是體育館還是實(shí)驗(yàn)室 If the school received a barrel of money what do you wish it will be spent on A sports gym a laboratory or a scientific research facility 參考答案 If my school received a barrel of money I d wish the money be spent on building a gym for the following reasons First it s so much better to be able workout indoors We can workout no matter what the weather conditions are For example we can play the badminton when it s windy outside Also we can workout during anytime of the day For example I have the habit of staying late in the library If there were a gym in my school I ll have somewhere to run in after all my works are done Last indoor activities are usually less intensive which means it s less likely for us to get injured from exercising Task 2 學(xué)生是否 part time job Some people believe that it is important for young people to have a part time job as a working experience while others think they should spend more time on their studies What is your opinion and why 參考答案 I think it s extremely important for students to have a part time job for the following reasons First of all students can get real world experience from working off campus Take myself for example I waited tables part time while I was in university I learned a lot about how to deal with different kinds of people on that job Also working off campus means that students can get in touch with people that aren t students Students have a chance to establish a professional network before leaving school For example some schools require students to intern at a local business as part of the graduate requirements And I know people who have secured permanent positions at these firms even before they graduated Task 3 w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 Task 3 是學(xué)校計(jì)劃所有學(xué)生參加 capital hospital 實(shí)習(xí) 來使學(xué)生決定是否將醫(yī)學(xué)當(dāng)職業(yè)和不占用上課時(shí)間 實(shí)習(xí) 女生同意 因?yàn)榭梢詫r(shí)間與課堂知識(shí)相結(jié)合 并且可以在職業(yè)前解決實(shí)習(xí)中遇到的問題 第二沒 聽太清楚 大概是可以不予課表相沖突 女生認(rèn)為課程很難 她經(jīng)常在實(shí)驗(yàn)室很晚來做作業(yè) 解題要點(diǎn) Reading Announcement school plans to require all medical school students to intern at the capital hospital during summer Reason 1 students get a chance learn more about the job Reason 2 there won t be any scheduling conflicts Listening Woman agrees with the plan Reason 1 students gets to put what they learned in class to practice they can get some real world experiences before they leave school Reason 2 there won t be any scheduling conflict for her She stays in the lab working till late in the evening But she can work during summer Task 4 講轉(zhuǎn)移話題 教授給個(gè)例子 政客 A 和 B 討論是否應(yīng)該在河邊建公園 和政府承擔(dān)得起建工院的費(fèi)用 A 說不能 舉出數(shù)據(jù)和信息 B 認(rèn)為可以 但沒說錢 說小時(shí)候他跟父母去河邊玩 看到船飄在水上很好看 如果建了公園所有人能看到了 忘了公民怎么想的 認(rèn)為建公園很好 投他票 沒注意錢 解題要點(diǎn) Term Diversion Definition is the divided attention of an individual or group from the chosen object of attention onto the source of distraction Lecture two politicians debates about the idea of building a park beside the city park and budgeting for the project Politician A stands against the idea and he presents numbers and statistics to support why he think the project is too expensive for the city Politician B however supports the project But he doesn t mention money at the debate at all He talks about he used to spend time with his parents beside the river when he was a child The sight of boats in the river was beautiful He says more people will be able to enjoy the great view if there is a park w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 by the lake People like the idea of the view so they voted for him But they are distracted from the fact that building the park might be too expensive for the city Task 5 男子牙疼正在犯愁是否立即去看牙醫(yī) 遇見一女同學(xué) 故把情況跟她述說 因?yàn)樗?jīng)常看牙的那個(gè)牙醫(yī) 只能安排他明天上午去 他堅(jiān)持一晚比較痛苦 他打電話去人家說他可以去另外一個(gè)診所 但是如果他去看 急癥則要開車到 30 分鐘外的地方去 他因此會(huì)錯(cuò)過上的物理課 他物理課成績(jī)不好 他不想錯(cuò)過 但又擔(dān)心 自己牙疼的利害 解題要點(diǎn) Problem the man s problem is he s got really bad tooth ache Solution 1 go to his own dentist have everything checked out Pro Con he can only go next morning because the doctor is not currently available Solution 2 go to another clinic Pro he can have the problem checked out asap Con he might miss Physics class He really wants to go to the lecture because he s not good at Physics Task 6 如何捕捉 co2 一種是在排放之前捕捉 例如煤工廠就這樣 co2 與一物質(zhì)反應(yīng)生成化學(xué)物質(zhì) 吸收大 部分 co2 另一種在排放后捕捉 樹木會(huì)吸收 co2 做食物 例如某工廠就在工廠周圍中很多書來吸收產(chǎn)生的 co2 背景知識(shí) Main idea two ways to capture and eliminate CO2 pollutions Example 1 chemical treatment that deals with the problem before the CO2 even leaves the factory A coal factory uses a chemical to neutralize the CO2 in house Example 2 some factories choose to deal with polluted air at a later stage For example a factory plants great number of trees around the factory The trees does a wonder job 寫作部分 寫作部分 綜合寫作 w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 閱讀 At a sale in California envelopes containing photographic negatives 文中有解釋什么是底片 底片被認(rèn)為是 Ansel Adams 拍的 以下為觀點(diǎn)支持 支持 1 底片拍的是 Pine Trees leaning downward on a cliff 這在 Adams 兄弟的其他著名照片中 也會(huì)看到 支持 2 裝底片的信封上面的地址以及各個(gè)底片照相內(nèi)容的標(biāo)注的書寫非常像 A 兄弟的媳婦 Virginia Adams 寫的 V 姐主要負(fù)責(zé)給 A 兄弟當(dāng)助理 所以很可能是 A 拍的 然后 V 負(fù)責(zé)給整理 organize 支持 3 底片部分有火燒的印跡 damaged by fire 而 A 的工作室 studio 曾發(fā)生過火災(zāi) 三分之一的 底片被燒 聽力 教授說這幾個(gè) support 都不靠譜 not convincing 反駁 1 底片內(nèi)容是著名景點(diǎn) Yosemite National Park 是當(dāng)?shù)氐臉?biāo)志性建筑 無數(shù)攝影師都去拍攝 不能證明這就是 A 獨(dú)一無二的 反駁 2 書寫里面出現(xiàn)了 misspelling 而 Virginia 從小就在 Yosemite 長(zhǎng)大 教授說難道她從小到大 一直都錯(cuò)著寫 反駁 3 當(dāng)時(shí)底片用的化學(xué)材料極易燃 flammable 因此攝影師們用的底片引起火燒在當(dāng)?shù)睾艹Ｒ?沒 有什么不同尋常的 獨(dú)立寫作 Which of the following do you think contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation Good Food Good Location Good Friends to travel with 寫作部分解析 寫作部分解析 獨(dú)立寫作題目 重復(fù) 2012 年 4 月 20 日北美 Which of the following do you think contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation Good Food Good Location w w w f o c u s e d u c n 更多資料請(qǐng)參考 h t t p b b s f o c u s e d u c n f o r u m p h p g i d 42 Good Friends to travel with 范文 When going on a vacation a variety of factors can contribute to the overall quality of your experience For me the three biggest contenders are good food good friends and good location However if I had to go with just one good location would win hands down When I travel the first thing I m looking to do is broaden my horizons Food is certainly one way to do that but it only constitutes a small part of how we can experience foreign cultures And friends are surely great for the company but they can also keep your mindset trapped in familiar territory while abroad That s why food and friends are really secondary considerations for me while traveling After college I backpacked alone