年 級高二學 科英語版 本人教新課標版課程標題選修8 Unit 2 Cloning -words、phrases and language point編稿老師馮振宇一校林卉二校黃楠審核劉曉軍一、學習目標知識目標：學習本單元的詞匯、短語和句型。能力目標：能夠使用這些詞匯、短語及句型進行語言表達，并能夠解答與之相關的習題。二、重點、難點1. 重點：重要單詞differ, undertake, object, obtain, forbid, accumulate, owe, bother, strike, resist重要短語pay off, cast down, in favour of, be bound to, from time to time, in vain, in good/poor condition重要句型1）Then came the disturbing news that2）It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.2. 難點：then置于句首時的倒裝句三、知能提升（一）重點單詞單詞學習 1. differ vi.不同，有異 【例句】Nylon and silk differ. 尼龍與絲綢不同。Tastes differ from one to another. 嗜好各有不同。【用法】 differ from 不同于，意見不一致differ in 在方面不同differ with sb. on sth. 與某人在某事上意見不同【易錯點】用作“不同”解時，只接介詞from，而在表示有不同意見，表示異議時接from 與with均可。當表示在某方面不同時，則要用介詞in。【拓展】difference n. 差別 different adj. 不同的be different from與不同 make a(no) difference 有（沒有）區分；有（沒有）重要關系 It makes no difference to sb. 對沒關系【考題鏈接】Thoughts of people in China differ much_ westerners in a number of ways.A. between B. between those C. from D. from those of答案：D解題思路：考查differ的用法。此處表示思想上的不同，所以用those代替thoughts。 2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 著手；從事；承擔；同意，答應，保證(后接to do)【例句】 She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承擔了作出這些改變的責任。He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答應在一個月之內還錢。 【考題鏈接】He undertook _ the work before Friday.A. finishing B. to have finished C. to finish D. finish答案：C解題思路：undertake在表示“保證”這一意義時，后面常接動詞不定式。而B選項由句意可知，后接動詞不定式的完成式是錯的，故選C。 3. object v.不贊成，反對；抗議；以為理由反對 【例句】He did not object. 他沒有反對。They objected that the plan was risky.他們反對說，這項計劃是冒險的。【拓展】n.物體；對象；客體；目標；意向；目的；賓語What are these strange objects? 這些奇異物體是什么？. The building is the main object of his interest.他最感興趣的是這棟建筑物。Our object is to get at the truth. 我們的目的是弄清事實真相。Verbs that do not take object are called intransitive verbs.不帶賓語的動詞稱為不及物動詞。【考點】object to doing 反對做某事We objected to leaving in such a hurry.我們反對這樣匆忙地離開。Do you object to my speaking to him about it?我去和他談談這事，你有意見嗎？【考題鏈接】Many countries objected to Japan _ nuclear waste water into the sea.A. to pour B. pouring C. poured D. pour答案：B 解題思路：本題考查object to后的復合結構，這里的pouring作介詞to的賓語。 4. obtain vt. (正式用詞；尤指通過努力或計劃)獲得；得到【例句】I haven t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到處都沒買到那張唱片。He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他說警方是靠非法手段獲得這一資料的。【用法】obtain sth. from sb. /sth. 從獲得某物Further information can be obtained from our head office. 詳細的資料可以從我們的總部得到。【考點】obtain / acquire / gain / achieveobtain意為“獲得，買到”。指通過努力或請求而得到，含有滿足要求或達到目的的意味，用于正式語體中。acquire意為“經過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習慣等，也可用于對財物等的獲得”，強調“一經獲得就會長期持有”的含義。gain意為“通過較大努力獲得某種利益或好處；亦可指軍事上的武力奪取等”。achieve意為“得到；獲得”，多指成就、目標、幸福的取得。【考題鏈接】After questioning the man for six hours, the police_ the information they wanted.A. seized B. recovered C. appealed D. obtained答案：D 解題思路：考查動詞辨析。seize意為“抓住”；recover意為“恢復；重獲”；appeal意為“懇求；呼吁”；obtain意為“獲得，得到”，故D項符合句意。 5. forbid vt.（forbade ,forbad ;forbidden）禁止；不準【用法】forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不許（做某事） forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事【例句】 His parents forbid him wine. 他的父母不準他喝酒。Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏廳內不準吸煙。I forbid you to go swimming. 我不準你去游泳。 Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.大多數父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽煙。【考點】forbid后不能直接接動詞不定式作賓語，而應接動名詞作賓語，但可用forbid sb. to do sth. 這一結構，與此結構類似的動詞：allow, permit, advise等。【考題鏈接】 The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes,_after11 p.m.A. from staying out B. to stay out C. staying out D. stay out答案：B解題思路：考查forbid sb. to do sth.的被動語態。Unless they have special passes 可放在句末。 6. accumulate vt. & vi. 積累；聚積【例句】By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由于投資精明而積蓄了一筆財產。 Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不經常打掃，塵土很快就越積越多。【考題鏈接】 As a proverb goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way” You can _ more than you believe possible if you really set your mind to itA. accelerateB. accumulate C. accomplish D. approve 答案：C解題思路：詞義辨析題。accelerate“加速，提前”；accumulate“積累，聚積”；accomplish“完成，取得”；approved“批準，贊成”，根據句意，應選C項，這里的accomplish相當于achieve。 7. owe vt. 欠；應該把歸功于；感激，感恩【考點】owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人)債owe sth. to sb. /sth. 將某事物歸因或歸功于某人/事【例句】 He owes his father 50. = He owes 50 to his father. 他欠他父親50英鎊。We owe this discovery to Newton. 我們把這一發現歸功于牛頓。【拓展】owing to 由于，其同義短語有thanks to, due to, because of, as a result of【考題鏈接】 Our English teacher asks us to guess the meaning of the unknown words _ the context.A. owing to B. due to C. according to D. thanks to答案：C解題思路：短語辨析題。owing to由于；due to因為；thanks to多虧了；這里的according to意為“根據”，符合句意。 8. bother v. 打擾；操心；麻煩 n.煩擾【用法】bother with/about sth. 為某事而操心bother sb. about /with sth. 為某事打擾或煩擾某人bother to do sth. 麻煩做某事【例句】Ive no time to bother with such things. 我沒時間為這種事煩惱。Dont bother about answering his letter. 你不必回復他的信。Dont bother your father about it now.Dont bother your father about it now. 現在先不要麻煩你的父親。He didnt even bother to say thank you. 他甚至連說一聲謝謝都不肯。【考題鏈接】 Im sorry to have _you with questions on such an occasion.A. attracted B. abstracted C. impressed D. bothered答案：D解題思路：考查動詞辨析。attract吸引；abstract摘要，提取；impress使有印象，都不符合題意。這里用到bother sb. about /with sth.為某事打擾或煩擾某人。 9. strike 1）vt. & vi.打，擊；敲響；報時；劃火柴 【例句】Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。She struck her opponent a tremendous blow on the jaw.她猛擊對手的下巴。I didnt hear the clock strike. 我沒有聽到報時鐘聲。2）vt. 攻擊，襲擊；侵襲；(突然)出現于(某人的)腦海中 【例句】A tsunami struck Japan this spring, causing a lot of deaths as well as damage.今年春天，海嘯襲擊了日本，造成了大量傷亡和損失。A bullet struck him dead.一顆子彈把他擊斃了。As I watched them, an idea struck me.我看著他們時，產生了一個想法。It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan.我突然想到，我們應該制訂一個新的方案。3）給以(深刻)印象 【例句】What struck me most is his hardworking. 給我印象最深刻的是他的勤奮。4）vi. & n.罷工 【例句】The dustmen are striking. 環衛工人正在罷工。They decide to go on strike for better pay. 他們決定為得到更高的工資而罷工。【考題鏈接】She _ another match and in the light she made her way without making any noise.A. hit B. beat C. knocked D. struck答案：D解題思路：本題考查詞義辨析。“劃火柴”應該用strike a match。 10. resist vt. & vi. 抵抗；對抗；不受(某事物的)損害影響；抗（酸）；耐（熱等）【用法】resist sth. 抵制，阻擋某事resist doing sth. 反對做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事【例句】She could hardly resist laughing. 她真忍不住要笑。 I cant resist baked apples. 我頂不住烤蘋果的誘惑。He found it hard to resist buying these books. 他發現，見到這些書要想不買是很困難的。【考題鏈接】She is overweight, but she cant_ the temptation to eat more delicious food.A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist答案：D解題思路：考查動詞詞義辨析。按照句意此處的resist有“忍不住”的意思；forbid禁止；attach吸引，粘上；allow允許。即學即練 1. I can hardly imagine his arguing with his boss. He always _ me as a cool-headed man.A. strikes B. takes C. treats D. regards 2. The sports meet, originally _ be held last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather. A. due to B. thanks to C. owing to D. according to 3. Smith was deeply _ at their refusal to come.A. offended B. disturbed C. bothered D. interrupted 4. What did they forbid _ out of the reading room?The magazines. They only allowed reading them in it.A. being taken B. to be taken C. to take D. is taken 5. It was reported that the plane _ into the mountains and no victims could be found.A. bumped B. struck C. beat D. crashed 6. I dont mind her criticizing me, but it is how she does it that I_. A. object B. object to C. against D. turn against（二）重點短語短語學習 1. pay off得到好結果，取得成功(常用主動語態)；償清債務；付清工資后解雇【例句】At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回報。Did your plan pay off? 你的計劃成功了嗎？. 【拓展】pay的相關短語：pay for 付款；為付出代價pay back 償還，報復pay out 花費；支出 pay sth. in 存款pay ones way 自食其力【考題鏈接】If you go for a long ride in a friends car, its the custom to offer to_ some of the expenses.A. pay B. pay off C. pay for D. pay back答案：C解題思路：考查pay的相關短語的辨析。pay for用于此意為“償付一部分費用”。The money collected from ticket sales could be _ food.A. pay back B. spent onC. paid off D. cost答案：B解題思路：spend sth. on sth. 把花在上；pay off付清；pay back償還。cost花費，只能物作主語，再根據題意“賣票所得的錢可以用在買食物上”，可知選B項。 2. cast down拋下，丟下；降低，使向下；使沮喪【例句】The enemy cast down their weapons. 敵人扔掉了武器。The little girl cast her eyes down in shame.那個小女孩害羞地垂下目光。He was cast down by the sad news. 這悲傷的消息使他情緒低落。 3. in favo(u)r of贊成，支持【例句】I am in favor of your suggestion. 我贊成你的提議。 I talked to Susan about it, and she s all in favor of going. 我與蘇珊談了這件事，她完全贊同去。【拓展】表示“支持，贊同某人/某事”除用in favour of之外；其他常用結構：be for sb./sth. stand by; stand on ones side表示“不支持，不贊同某人/某事”be against sb./sth.【考題鏈接】I dont like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could_ me a favour.A. make B. do C. find D. get 答案：B解題思路：考查短語do sb. a favour，意為：幫某人個忙。 4. be bound to (do) 一定；注定(做)【例句】The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明天天氣一定會變好。 You ve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam. 你下了這么大工夫，一定能考及格。 5. from time to time不時，偶爾，間或,有時 【例句】I can see Tom at the library from time to time.有時我在圖書館能看見湯姆。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。【拓展】time的相關短語in time for sth./ to do sth. 及時；不遲in no time 立刻；馬上at no time永不 at one time （過去）有個時期；曾經；一度at a time 一次；每次 at times = sometimes 有時all the time 一直；始終；老是on time 按時；準時by the time到時候為止for the time being 暫時；暫且take one s time不著急；慢慢來 kill time 消磨時間once upon a time 從前at the same time 同時；盡管如此ahead of time 提前，提早 【考題鏈接】Despite what I was told about the local peoples attitude to strangers, at no time _ any rudeness so far.A. I had met B. I met C. have I met D. did I meet答案：C解題思路：at no time置于句首要用倒裝結構。根據后面的so far可知時態應用完成時。 6. in vain白白地；徒勞地【例句】We tried to help her but (we tried)in vain我們試著幫助她，但是沒有用。I was about to give up after several attempts in vain when my teacher came to my help.經過多次徒勞的嘗試后我正要放棄時，我的老師來給予我幫助。【考題鏈接】We put tables and chairs out in the garden but it started to rain and all our efforts were _.A. in vain B. paying off C. meaningless D. failing答案：A解題思路：“我們所有的努力都白費了”，“白費”用短語in vain。pay off付清；meaningless沒有意義的；fail失敗均不合題意。 7. in good / excellent / poor condition處于好的極佳的壞的狀況【例句】The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage.這艘船的現狀不適宜遠航。The car is still in excellent condition. 這輛汽車狀況極佳。 【拓展】condition 的相關短語：out of condition健康狀況欠佳 working/living / studying conditions工作、生活、學習環境on condition (that). 在條件下；倘若 on no condition 一點也不；決不【考題鏈接】Carine is not in the _ for going to the ball tonight.A. conditionB. temperC. moodD. motion答案：C解題思路：根據題意是“沒有心情去舞會”而不是“不適合去舞會”，故用到短語be in the mood for sth有做事的心情；be in good condition可以表示身體健康；temper“脾氣”；motion“運動，動作”。即學即練 1. “Unless you want to be helped, unless you come to us, anything we tried would be_,” said his mother.A. in particular B. in vain C. in part D. in chaos 2. Though the car was bought ten years ago, it is still in good _.A. situation B. condition C. position D. case 3. Why cant I smoke?At no time _ in the meeting-room.A. does smoking permit B. is smoking permittedC. smoking is permitted D. permits smoking 4. Chongqing is among the most important cities in China _ its size and population.A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in view of D. in terms of（三）重點句型句型學習 1. Then came the disturbing news that【句子分析】本句是倒裝句中的完全倒裝。為使表達生動，有時把表地點、方位的副詞，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同時把謂語動詞放在主語之前。若主語為人稱代詞，用部分倒裝主語和謂語動詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。 【例句】Away hurried the boy. 那個男孩匆匆離開了。Out rushed the girl. 那個女孩沖了出來。In he comes. 他進來了。【拓展】在以here, there等副詞開頭的某些句子里要用一般現在時。如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。【例句】There goes the bell and in came our teacher. 鈴聲響了,我們的老師進來了。Here is a letter for you.這兒有你的一封信。Look！There she comes. 看，她來了。【考題鏈接】For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come答案：B解題思路：副詞then位于句首，且當句子的主語是名詞時，句子需全部倒裝，選B。 2. It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.【句子分析】這是一個表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣的句子。表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣的句型結構為：從句：動詞過去式 / should + 動詞原形 / were to + 動詞原形主句：would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形【例句】If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他們就不出去了。【考題鏈接】fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you beD. Might you be答案：B解題思路：考查與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣的表達形式。句意為：如果你被解雇了，你的醫療保險和其他利益并不會被立即取消。表示與將來事實相反的假設，從句可以用“should + 動詞原形”，故選B。即學即練 1. John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 2. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. mightUnit 2 Cloning - Grammar 同位語及同位語從句一、預習新知同位語及同位語從句二、預習點撥思考問題一：句子的成分都有哪些？思考問題二：找出本單元含有同位語從句的句子（答題時間：60分鐘）一、單項選擇 1. He objects to to his home.A. my going B. his go C. she went D. you go 2. he came to love sports, he became much stronger than before.A. Shortly after B. After shortly C. Before long D. Shortly 3. Read the letter and him.A. pass on it to B. pass it on to C. pass it on D. pass it for 4. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise .A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 5. He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to Cambridge.A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 6. My performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard, _, I failed.A. in the end B. after all C. in other wordsD. at the same time 7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what 8. One of them held the view_ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether 9. The reason _he has to go is _his mother is ill in bed.A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 10. They received orders _the work be done right away.A. which B. that C. / D. when 11. There is difference_ ten degrees _ temperature _the day and the night.A. of; of; between B. of; in; betweenC. from; to; between D. between; of; between 12. There is a board by the road, which _ “Parking_!”A. writes; forbidding B. reading; forbidding C. says; forbidden D. saying; forbidden 13. She is too fat ,but she cant _ sweet.A. remove B. resist C. reject D. object 14. He is _ to fail because he doesnt review it.A. near B. fit C. bound D. easy 15. The man is _ a serious nervous breakdown because he is unable to deal with pressure from daily life.A. in front of B. in favor of C. on behalf of D. on the edge of二、用括號內所提供的詞的適當形式填空 1. I strongly object to _ (treat) like a child. 2. If no one has any _ (object), I will declare the meeting closed us with hope. 3. The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _ (resist) from staff. 4. When will they finish the _ (decorate) of the bathroom? 5. The building _ (decorate) with flags, the event was a great success.三、完形填空 The U.S. bought Alaska from Russia about 100 years ago. The U.S._1_ less than two cents an acre. One Alaska island is only two miles _2_a Russian island. The nearest state is Washington, 500 miles away.Alaska is more than twice big as Texas. It has many _3_kinds of weather. In some areas the _4_can go as low as 57 below zero, it can also go as high as 38 _5_zero.Alaska has a longer coastline than all the _6 states together. The ocean bottom is _7_in sea life. Alaskas fish each is one of the biggest _8_all the states._9_of the land there is still _10_by the U.S. governmentnot by people _11_businessmen.Alaska is the _12_state, but it has the fewest people. Towns are _13_apart.Long roads _14_a lot to build in _15_ wild country, so there arent many roads. Many people use _16_to travel in the state, _17_travel in boats along the coast. Rivers freeze in winter, but _18_travel on them when summer comes.Many people go to Alaska to _19_big and small animals. Fishermen and skiers and people who _20_beautiful country visit the state too. 1. A. spent B.