（十）非謂語動詞01 命題趨勢 考標導向化近幾年對非謂語動詞的考查主要是動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語及目的狀語，動名詞作主語、賓語、賓語補足語，及個別分詞的用法。預計2015年中考對非謂語動詞的考查，不定式仍是考查的熱點。我們應該牢固掌握一些動詞固定搭配的用法。02 定義 概念清晰化非謂語動詞是一些特殊的動詞，它們在句中不能單獨作謂語，而有謂語以外的其他語法功能，在句子中不受主語的人稱和數的限制，但仍有時態和語態的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語，構成非謂語動詞短語。非謂語動詞分不定式、動名詞和分詞三種。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成，在特殊情況下有時to可以省略。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也具有動詞的部分特征，能充當主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。動名詞由動詞加-ing構成，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種。它們在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補語。03 知識歸類 知識網絡化動詞不定式分類圖解功能例句主語To speak English well isnt an easy job.賓語They decided to change their mind.賓語補足語He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定語He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表語Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.狀語目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.結果He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.特例清單1.不定式作賓語(1)一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一場電影嗎?(2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我發現每天讀英語很容易。(3)常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式：why not do，had better(not) do，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) doI would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家里。2.不定式作賓語補足語不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西讓他將收音機的音量調低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母親鼓勵我學日語。注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listen to)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但變被動語態時，必須加上to。如：The boss made them work the whole night.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。(2)如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當的介詞。如：There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔心的。【題組訓練】( )1.(2014北京)My parents always tell me _ more vegetables and fruit.A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat( )2.(2014咸寧)What would you like _ for your mum on Mothers Day?A dress.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D .buys( )3.(2014河南)Do you climb mountains every day?Yes，_ a little exercise. Im so out of shape.A.getting B.get C.got D.to get( )4.(2014河北)Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you.A.accept B.to acceptC.say D.to say( )5.(2014漳州)We dont have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?The best way _ money is to sell newspapers.A.raise B.to raise C.raising特殊結構的不定式分類圖解結構例句tooto結構She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.not+不定式The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road.疑問詞+不定式作主語How to solve the problem is very important.作賓語He didnt know what to say.作表語The question is where to find the water.for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式It is necessary for us to learn from each other.of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式It is very kind of you to help me with my English.特例清單1.動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結構為：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+動詞不定式。如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2.不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學生要做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go)【題組訓練】( )6.(2013廣東)I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous.A.not to play B.to play notC.not playing D.not play( )7.(2013黔東南州)What senior school do you want to go,Li Hua?Its hard for me _ a decision now.A.do B.to do C.make D.to make( )8.(2013咸寧)Its rather hot in the room. Youd better _ the windows or the door.A.close B.not to closeC.dont close D.not close( )9.(2013衡陽)My parents asked me _ computer games.A.not playing B.not to playC.not play( )10.(2013宿遷)Its dangerous _ a close look at the tiger in the zoo.A.for us talking B.of us to takeC.of us taking D.for us to take動詞-ing形式分類圖解功能例句主語Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.賓語I finished doing my homework.表語The nurses job is looking after the patients.定語She is reading in the reading room.賓語補足語He kept the machine running for ten hours.狀語They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.特例清單1.英語中一些詞后常跟動名詞作賓語，初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),be worth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(練習),have fun(玩得高興),feel like(想要),be used to(習慣于),consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)。2.主語+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等)+to do sth.如：Im glad to see you again.我很高興再次見到你。Im sorry to hear that.聽到這個消息我感到遺憾。3.幾組動詞接不定式及動名詞辨析：(1)stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事(2)forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘記做過某事(事情已做)forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒做)(3)remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.記得做過某事(事情已做)remember to do sth.記著去做某事(事情沒做)(4)try doing/try to dotry doing sth.嘗試著去做某事try to do sth.設法或努力去做某事(5)go on doing/go on to dogo on doing sth.繼續不停地做同一件事情go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事(6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事(7)regret doing/regret to doregret doing sth.對做過的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)(8)mean doing/mean to domean doing sth.意味著做某事mean to do sth.打算、想做某事【題組訓練】( )11.(2014長沙)Its getting cold. Would you mind_ the window?Of course not.A.closing B.to close C.closed( )12.(2014梅州)Paul looks forward to _ his pen pal as soon as possible.A.meets B.meet C.meeting D.met( )13.(2014孝感)My old neighbor Charles enjoys _ photos. He always goes out with his camera.A.take B.to take C.taking D.took( )14.(2014曲靖) _ vegetable juice is a good habit，which helps you eat a balanced diet.A.Drink B.Drank C.Drunk D .Drinking( )15.(2014黃岡)Grandpa has changed a lot.So he has.He spends more time than he used to _ games with the children.A.play B.playing C.played D.plays動詞的過去分詞分類圖解功能例句表語The door remained locked.定語The building built last year is now a department store.賓語補足語I heard my name called.狀語Heated water changes into steam.特例清單英語中過去分詞可作賓補(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補與賓語有被動的關系，表一種狀態)1.過去分詞用在get,have,make 的后面。注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：A)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”。如：I have had my bike repaired.我已經請人把我的自行車修好了。B)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受影響，蒙受損失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上個月在公汽上我的錢包被偷了。2.“make+賓語+過去分詞”,在這種結構中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結果含義的。如：I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽見。3.過去分詞用在感官動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等后面。如：When we got to school,we saw the door locked.到學校時，我們發現門被鎖了。4.過去分詞用在“with +賓語賓補”這一結構中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.那個小偷被帶了進來，他的手被綁在背后。5.過去分詞、現在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區別:現在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關系，其動作與謂語動作同時進行。過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關系，其動作先于謂語動作。不定式作賓補:表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。如：He didnt notice me waiting.他沒有注意到我正在等。I heard the song sung in English.我聽見這首歌被用英語唱了。I saw him opening the window.我看見他正在開窗戶。I saw the window opened.我看見窗戶被開了。I saw him open the window.我看見他開了窗戶。I heard her sing the song in English.我聽見她用英語唱了這首歌。【題組訓練】 ( )16.(2014咸寧)Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes，but I try to make myself_.A.to speak;understoodB.speaking;understandC.to speak;to understandD.speaking;understood( )17.(2013綏化)He wants to have his TV_ .A.repairing B.repairedC.to repair( )18.(2013安順)He often drinks two cups of _ water when he comes back.A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils( )19.(2013煙臺)Why do you speak in _ loud voice?Because I want to make myself _ clearly.A.such;hear B.so;heardC.such;heard D.so;hear( )20.(2013自貢)When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting04 整合集訓 反饋層級化( )1.David enjoys _ music at weekend,but I prefer _ for a picnic.A.to listen;to go outB.listen to;going toC.listening to;go out D.listening to;to go out( )2.I really dont know_with this kind of problems.You can ask the teacher for help.A.what to do B.how to doC.why to do D.which to deal( )3.Do you often plant trees,Wang Lin?Yes,we have _ hundreds of trees.A.plant B.planted C.plants D.planting( )4.We dont have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?Ok.What about _ a movie?A.to see B.seeingC.to seeing D.sees( )5.The boy is looking forward to _ a good time after the exam.A.to have B.has C.having D.have( )6.Mary dances best in our school.I agree.Ill never forget _ her dance for the first time.A.seeing B.to see C.see D.seen( )7.It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels _ by Yang Hongying.A.write B.writesC.wrote D.written( )8.Your spoken English is much better than before.Thank you.Our teacher often asks us _ English as much as possible.A.to speak B.not to speakC.speak D.not speak( )9.Tom often makes his brother _ but yesterday he was made _ by his brother.A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cryC.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry( )10.We can use QQ to chat with each other online.Really?Could you please show me _ it?A.when to do B.why to doC.how to do D.what to do( )11.Do you like going shopping on Sundays?No,I would rather _ books at home _ than shopping.A.to read;go B.read;to goC.read;go D.to read;to go( )12.When he saw a ticket on the ground, he stopped _.A.to pick it up B.picking it upC.to pick up it D.pick up it( )13.We have two rooms ,but I cant decided _.A.to live;to choose which oneB.lived;choose which oneC.to live in;which one to chooseD.live in;which one( )14.What should I do,doctor?_ healthy, you should take exercise more and eat meat less.A.Keep B.KeepingC.To keep D.Kept( )15.Dont forget _ the door of the meeting room when you leave.Sure.A.to lock B.lockingC.lock D.locks( )16.Would you mind not _ here? Im doing my homework.A.sing B.singing C.sings D.to sing(