1、第11講八年級(jí)(下)Units 341borrow(v.)_lend_(反義詞)借出2waste(v.)_wasted_(adj.)浪費(fèi)的3stress(n.)_stressful_(adj.)有壓力的4develop(v.)_development_(n.)發(fā)展5fair(adj.)_fairness_(n.)公正性_unfair_(adj.反義詞)不公平的6ill(adj.)_illness_(n.)病7independent(adj.)_independence_(n.)獨(dú)立8communicate(v.)_communication_(n.)交流；溝通9clear(adj.)_clea

2、rly_(adv.)清楚地10compete(v.)_competition_(n.)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)11type(n.)_typical_(adj.)典型的12usual(adj.)_unusual_(adj.反義詞)不尋常的_usually_(adv.)通常1_take_ _out_ the rubbish倒垃圾2_sweep_ the floor掃地3_make_ the bed鋪床4_all_ the time頻繁；反復(fù)5_as_ _soon_ _as_一就；盡快6in _order_ _to_目的是；為了7_depend_ on依靠；信賴8take _care_ of照顧；處理9_big_ _d

3、eal_重要的事10look _through_瀏覽；快速查看11work _out_解決；成功地發(fā)展12get on (well) _with_和睦相處；關(guān)系良好13argue _with_ sb.和某人吵架14give sth._back_ to sb.把某物歸還給某人15_offer_ to do sth.主動(dòng)做某事16_communicate_ with與交流17_compete_ with sb.與某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)18_cut_ out刪除；刪去19not._until_.直到才20compare._with_.比較；對(duì)比21in ones _opinion_依看22get into a _

4、fight_ _with_ sb.和某人打架1Could I _at_ _least_ finish _watching_ this show？我至少看完這個(gè)節(jié)目行嗎？2She _wont_ _be_ happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到這樣不整潔，她會(huì)不高興的。3She didnt do any housework and _neither_ _did_ I她沒有做家務(wù)活，我也沒有做。4Could I use your computer？我能用一下你的電腦嗎？Sorry.Im going to _work_ _on_ _it_ now.對(duì)不起，我現(xiàn)在要用它工作。

5、5My mom came over _as_ _soon_ _as_ I sat down in front of the TV.我一在電視機(jī)前坐下，我媽媽就過來了。6Children these days _depend_ _on_ their parents too much.如今的孩子們依賴父母親太多。7_The_ _earlier_ kids learn to be independent _the_ _better_ it is for their future.孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的未來就越好。8My parents dont _allow_ me to _hang_ _ou

6、t_ with my friends.我父母不允許我和朋友們一起出去閑逛。9_Why_ _dont_ _you_ go to sleep earlier this evening？為什么今晚你不早點(diǎn)兒去睡呢？10I found my sister _looking_ _through_ my things yesterday.昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我妹妹翻閱我的東西。11_Although_ shes wrong，its not a _big_ _deal盡管她不對(duì)，但這也不是什么大不了的事。12My problem is that I cant _get_ _on_ _with_ my family.我

7、的問題是我不能和我的家人和睦相處。13_Instead_，he watches _whatever_ he wants until late at night.相反，晚上無(wú)論他想看什么就看到很晚。14You should _explain_ that you dont _mind_ him _watching_ TV all the time.你應(yīng)該說明你不介意他總是看電視。15You are _afraid_ _of_ speaking _in_ _front_ _of_ people.你害怕在人們面前說話。16Your best friend doesnt trust you _any_

8、_more_你最好的朋友不再信任你。while【典例在線】I was taking a bath while my mother was preparing dinner.我媽媽準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時(shí)候，我正在洗澡。Tom was watching TV while (he was) eating.湯姆邊吃邊看電視。【拓展精析】while作從屬連詞，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；在期間”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的過程中發(fā)生，或者主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且持續(xù)時(shí)間一般較長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)while所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且該從句的動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞

9、有時(shí)可以省略。【活學(xué)活用】1)_C_ the children have fun，parents can take dancing lessons on the beach.(2014，安慶模擬)AThough BIfCWhileDOnce2)It seems that you are happy，why?I met an old friend of mine while I _C_ on the street.(2014，黃山模擬)Awalks BwalkCwas walking Dam walkingin order to【典例在線】In order to get a complete p

10、icture，further information is needed.為了掌握全面情況，還需要詳細(xì)資料。【拓展精析】in order to意為“目的是；為了”，比單純的to do更強(qiáng)調(diào)“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式為in order not to do。【活學(xué)活用】3)Many people give money to Project Hope _D_ help the poor children to go to school.Aas soon as Beven thoughCso that Din order tomind【典例在線】Do you mind if I

11、 open the window？我打開窗戶，你會(huì)介意嗎？Would you mind parking your car there？你介意把車子停到那邊嗎？Not at all.不介意。【拓展精析】mind動(dòng)詞，意為“介意；在乎”，后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。Would you mind.？是交際用語(yǔ)中表示“請(qǐng)求”的常用句型，意為“你介意嗎？”其肯定回答(即不介意對(duì)方做某事)常用：Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not.等。否定回答(即介意對(duì)方做某事)常用：Im sorry，but./Im afraid you cant./Yes，youd

12、 better not等。【活學(xué)活用】4)Would you mind _C_ the window？Its very hot.No，not at all.(2014，馬鞍山模擬)Aopen Bto openCopening Dopened5)I want to put up the picture on the wall.Would you mind helping me with it?_B_With pleasure.(2014，江西)AOf course BOf course notCYoud better not DThanks a lotallow【典例在線】Who allowed

13、 you to leave the camp？誰(shuí)允許你離開營(yíng)地的？They allowed smoking in this room only.他們只允許在這個(gè)房間里抽煙。You are not allowed to smoke here.這里不允許吸煙。【拓展精析】allow動(dòng)詞，意為“允許；準(zhǔn)許”。allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事allow doing sth.允許做某事be allowed to do sth.被允許做某事【活學(xué)活用】6)The little girl was crying because her mother didnt allow her _C_

14、the icecream.(2014，重慶)Aeat Beats Cto eat Date7)In our school，boys are not _allowed_ (allow) to have long hair.as soon as【典例在線】The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那個(gè)嬰兒一看見她媽媽就開始哭。Well go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我們就出去打籃球。【拓展精析】as soon as意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

15、。在使用時(shí)，要注意主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)。【活學(xué)活用】8)Henry will give us a report as soon as he _A_(2014，合肥模擬)Aarrives BarrivedCis arriving Dwill arriveCould you please clean your room？請(qǐng)你打掃一下你的房間好嗎？【典例在線】Could you please sweep the floor？請(qǐng)你打掃一下地板，好嗎？Yes，of course.好的，當(dāng)然可以。Would you please not op

16、en the door？請(qǐng)你不要開門，好嗎？【拓展精析】could不是can的過去式，而是表示禮貌、委婉或不確定的語(yǔ)氣，常用于請(qǐng)求幫助(第二人稱)或請(qǐng)求允許(第一人稱)的疑問句中。Could you please.？是一個(gè)婉轉(zhuǎn)請(qǐng)求別人幫忙的句型，其后接動(dòng)詞原形。其肯定回答為：OK/Yes/Sure/Of course/No problem等；否定回答有：Sorry/No，Im afraid not/Id love to，but.等。常見的表示委婉請(qǐng)求的方式還有：以would開頭的句式用wish/hope提出請(qǐng)求用帶please的祈使句提出請(qǐng)求注意：could/would you please后

17、面接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式是在動(dòng)詞原形前加not。【活學(xué)活用】1)Could you help me put up the maps on the wall?_A_(2014，池州模擬)ANo problem BI hope soCThats all right DThats a good ideaShe did not do any housework and neither did I她沒有做任何家務(wù)活，我也沒做。【典例在線】I didnt go to the park last Sunday.上周日我沒去公園。Neither did I我也沒去。They will play soccer

18、tomorrow.他們明天去踢足球。So will we.我們也去踢。She knows little English.她英語(yǔ)懂得不多。So she does.她的確如此。【拓展精析】“Neither/Nor助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be主語(yǔ)”表示與上述否定情況相同。“So助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be主語(yǔ)”表示與上述肯定情況相同。“So主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，即對(duì)前面所說的情況加以肯定。【活學(xué)活用】2)I cant play the piano，and _A_(2013，黃石)Aneither can my sisterBmy sister cant，tooCso cant my sister

19、Dcan my sister，either3)My grandma is used to living in the city._B_(2014，益陽(yáng))ASo my grandpa is BSo is my grandpaCSo my grandpa did DSo did my grandpaThe earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的未來就越好。【典例在線】The more you eat，the fatter you will be.吃得越多，你就越胖。O

20、ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的國(guó)家正變得越來越美麗。【拓展精析】“the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)”意思是“越，越”。“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”意思是“越來越”。【活學(xué)活用】4)_ you are，_A_ mistakes you will make in the test.(2014，宣城模擬)AThe more careful；the fewerBThe more carefully；the fewerCThe more careful；the lessDThe more carefully；the less5)The weath

21、er is becoming _A_(2014，蘭州)Ahotter and hotter Bmore hot and hotChoter and hoter Dmore and more hotWhy dont you talk to your parents？你為什么不和你的父母交談呢？【典例在線】Why dont you buy a suit for your husband？你為什么不給你丈夫買一套西服呢？Why not learn some Chinese pop songs？為什么不學(xué)一些中國(guó)的流行歌曲？What/How about going for a walk？去散步怎么樣？

22、【拓展精析】Why dont you do sth.？Why not do sth.？是提建議的一種表達(dá)方式。類似的表達(dá)方式還有：What/How about doing sth.?Shall we do sth.?Lets do sth.Youd better do sth.其肯定答語(yǔ)為Good idea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Sounds good！等；其否定答語(yǔ)為Sorry，but.等。【活學(xué)活用】6)What should I get my mom for her birthday?Why _A_ get her a scarf？(2013，貴陽(yáng))Adont y

23、ou Bdo youCare you Ddidnt you7)Look！Its raining heavily！_A_ take a raincoat with you?Well，Ill take one right now.(2014，阜康)AWhy not BWhy dontCWould you mind DWould you likeborrow，lend，keep【典例在線】I borrowed a book from Jack yesterday.昨天我從杰克那里借了本書。Jack lent me a book yesterday./Jack lent a book to me ye

24、sterday.昨天杰克借給我一本書。How long can I keep the book？這本書我可以借用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？【拓展精析】borrow指“借入”或“借他人的東西供自己使用”。固定短語(yǔ)borrow sth.from sb.意為“向某人借某物”。lend指“(把自己的東西)借出”。固定短語(yǔ)lend sb.sth.或lend sth.to sb.意為“借給某人某物”。keep意為“保存；保留”，可引申為“借用”，此時(shí)常與一段時(shí)間或how long等連用。【活學(xué)活用】1)Jim，can I _borrow_ your car?Sorry，I _lent_ it to Steven just

25、 now.How long will he _keep_ it?Two vide，offer【典例在線】They provided the children with good food and clothing.他們給孩子們提供了良好的衣服食物。The manager offers a job to me in his company.那個(gè)經(jīng)理在他的公司里給我提供了一份工作。【拓展精析】provide意為“提供；供應(yīng)”，常用于provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.固定搭配中。offer意為“提供；給予”，常用于offer sb.sth

26、.或offer sth.to sb.固定搭配中。另offer to do sth.意為“(主動(dòng)提出)做某事”。【活學(xué)活用】2)That company _provided_ (提供) us with 3，000 dollars in 2012.(2013，黃岡)3)Parents often _ their children _D_ some good advice.(2014，蘭州)Aoffer；with Boffer；/Cprovide；with Dboth B and Cinstead，instead of，rather than【典例在線】Last summer I went to Q

27、ingdao.This summer Im going to Dalian instead.去年夏天我去了青島。今年夏天我將改去大連。We should do something instead of just talking about it.We should do something rather than just talk about it.我們不應(yīng)該只是談?wù)摚鴳?yīng)該做點(diǎn)什么。【拓展精析】instead作副詞，意為“代替；而不是”，常位于句首或句末。instead of和rather than都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，兩者都可接名詞、代詞等作賓語(yǔ)。若后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，instead

28、 of后接v.ing，rather than后常接動(dòng)詞原形。【活學(xué)活用】4)If youre busy，you may come another day _instead_5)He would play computer games _rather_than_ do his homework.6)You should try your best to finish it _instead_of_ giving up.一、根據(jù)首字母及漢語(yǔ)提示完成單詞。1_Whatever_ (無(wú)論什么) you say，I wont believe you any more.(2014，合肥模擬)2He was

29、 too _nervous_ (緊張的) to say anything.3Mark lost one of his _fingers_ (手指) in that accident.4Some middle school students cant get enough sleep under the _pressure_ (壓力) of school work.5There are lots of black _clouds_ (云)Its going to rain.(2014，宣城模擬)6You should _return_ (歸還) the books to the library

30、in time.(2014，亳州模擬)7Li Ming _hates_ (討厭) talk shows because he thinks they are boring.(2014，宿州模擬)8They stopped _arguing_ (爭(zhēng)吵) when they saw the teacher walking into the classroom.9Here is a way to improve your _communication_ (溝通) skills.(2014，淮南模擬)10Mary began to watch TV after she _swept_ (打掃) the

31、 floor.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。11Why dont you watch TV at home?Id love to，but my mother doesnt allow me _C_ that.(2014，呼和浩特)Ado Bdid Cto do Ddoing12Could I _C_ your iPad，Alice?Of course.Here you are.(2013，濟(jì)南)Alend Bkeep Cborrow Creturn13I dont _B_ the heat，for Im used to hot weather.(2014，安徽)Alike Bmind Cknow Dstand

32、14As a student，we should study hard.Yes._ we study，_C_ results well get.(2014，益陽(yáng))AThe hard；the good BThe harder；the bestCThe harder；the better DThe hard；the better15Sir，could you please put out your cigarette？This is a smokefree (無(wú)煙的) school._A_(2013，菏澤)AIm sorry about this BNo problemCSure，Id love

33、to DNever mind寫作典例之煩惱與微笑(一)(2013，荊門)假如你是劉強(qiáng)，你在學(xué)校學(xué)生會(huì)里看到一項(xiàng)關(guān)于學(xué)生遇到的種種“煩惱”的調(diào)查。請(qǐng)你閱讀以下20位學(xué)生填寫的調(diào)查表，然后從中選擇你認(rèn)為最大的煩惱，并根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)或體會(huì)，給出建議。要求：1根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，選出一種煩惱，并給出建議。2邏輯清楚，語(yǔ)句通順，行文流暢，自由發(fā)揮，觀點(diǎn)不限，無(wú)需標(biāo)題。3文中不能以任何形式出現(xiàn)真實(shí)人名、校名和縣(市)區(qū)名及其他相關(guān)信息。4詞數(shù)：100左右。Problem SurveyProblemsNumbers of studentsDo badly in lessons.6Dont get on wel

34、l with classmates.5Feel lonely at school.4Dont have much free time.3Become fat.2【范文欣賞】I am Liu Qiang.I think its not strange to have worries.Some students say they have become fat and that really makes them feel bad about themselves.I think this is one of the biggest worries for us.But I think we can do something a