1、,定語從句,一. 定語從句,用一個句子來充當定語。,被修飾的詞叫先行詞。,一. 定語從句的基本定義,The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行詞,關系代詞,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行詞,關系副詞,三. 關系代詞的基本用法和注意點,1. 關系代詞的基本用法,三. 1. 關系代詞的基本用法, who指人, 作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。,The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief

2、.,whom指人,作賓語，可省略。,The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,who, whom, which 指物，作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。,These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,which,He is the man (that) I told you about.,that 指人或物，作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly

3、.,that,whose指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語 。不可省略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.,This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.,whose,2. 關系代詞的用法注意點,(1) that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that 不能用which。,當先行詞中有人又有物時。如：,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,2

4、. 關系代詞用法注意點(1)只能用that不能用which的5種情況,當先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時。如： This is all that I want from the school.,當先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等修飾時。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.,當先行詞被最高級修飾時。如： The TV tower is the highe

5、st building that has been built in this city.,當先行詞被序數詞修飾時。如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情況,先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時。如： All who heard the news were excited.,先行詞為those, he和people時。如： Those who want to go please sign your

6、names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,(3) whose引導的定語從句注意點,whose引導定語從句，其后+名詞，構成名詞短語。 whose與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.,(3)whose引導的定語從句注意點,whose的先行詞指物時，可用of which代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞 = the+名詞+of which，或= of which + the + 名

7、詞。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting., whose引導的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行詞指人時，可用of whom代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞 = the+名詞+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名詞。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my

8、 friend.,(4) 關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數必須與先行詞保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.,(4)從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致,The scientist who we met yeste

9、rday is very famous whom in the world. that ,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress which she is wearing is new. that ,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,鞏固練習：1. 用定語從句合并句子,鞏固練習1：用定語從句合并句子,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This i

10、s the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that ,This is the best film that I have ever seen. ,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a

11、teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),鞏固練習：2. 用適當的關系詞填空,鞏固練習2：用適當的關系詞填空,四. 介詞+which/ whom引導的定語從句,1. 介詞的選用原則：,根據定語從句謂語動詞的習慣搭配來決定。 This is the book on w

12、hich I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.,四. “介詞+which/whom”引導的從句， 1.介詞選用原則,(2) 根據先行詞的習慣搭配來決定。,I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there.,2. 先行詞是人，用介詞+whom；先行詞是物，用介詞+which；且關系代詞不能省略。,The man with whom you talked just now

13、 is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .,2. 介詞位于關系代詞前，關系代詞的使用,3. 當介詞位于定語從句末尾時，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作從句中介詞的賓語.而且作介詞賓語的關系代詞可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.,Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?,3. 介詞位于句末，關系代詞的

14、使用,4. 在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關系代詞之前。如：,This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for. The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.,4. 含介詞的固定搭配動詞短語的使用,5. 先行詞是the way，意為“方式，方法”時, 關系詞用that/ in which或省略。,I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he tea

15、ches English is interesting.,（that/in which）,（that/in which）,5. 先行詞為the way，關系詞的使用,五. 關系副詞when, where,why,五. 關系副詞的基本用法,when=介詞+關系代詞,I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.,My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.,1. when,1. when,where=介詞+關系代詞,

16、This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.,The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.,2. where,2. where,why=介詞+關系代詞,There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.,Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for whi

17、ch) he was late for school.,3. why,3. why,4. 關系副詞的用法注意點,(1)先行詞為time，表“次數”時，用that 或省略。 This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.,(2)當point, situation, case等作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場合”等意思時，用where引導作狀語。 Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?,4. 關系副詞的用法注意點,Practice:,

18、1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?,when,on which,where,from which,why,for which,鞏固練習：用適當的關系詞填空,4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we u

19、sed “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.,where,in which,when,during which,at which,where,Compare practice:,1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.,where/in which,(that/which),對比練習：用適當的關系詞填空,2.

20、 I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.,when/on which,(that/which),The reason _ I dont know is known to him.,(that/which),why/for which,3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.,六. 非限制性定語從句,非限制性定語從句: (1) 對先行詞解釋說明 (2)

21、 ,My watch, which is very old, stopped again.,六. 1. 非限制性定語從句的定義,2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別,This is the best book that I have read.,This is a good book, which is easy to understand.,2. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別,(2) 一般用關系代詞as或which引導。,(4)在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關系代詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。,(3)限制性定語從句可以用that，而非限制性定語從句則不能。,(5)關系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞前可以有被介詞短語所修飾的詞。如：,(6)在非限制性定語從句中，關系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語。,He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.,He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.,3. 關系代詞as, which引導非限制定語從句時的區別,(1)as和which都可指主句的整個意思，而不是主句中的某一個詞。as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中；而which引導的非限制性定語從句一般置于主