200041月美薛幺微步般

PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)

1.A)Tocancelhistrip.

B)Togotobedearly.

C)Tocatchalaterflight.

D)Toaskforawake-upcall.

2.A)Theyhavedifferentopinionsastowhattodonext.

B)Theyhavetopayfbrthehousebyinstallments.

C)Theywillfixatelephoneinthebathroom.

D)Theman'sattitudeismoresensiblethanthewoman's.

3.A)Shewillsavethestampsfbrtheman'ssister.

B)ShewillnolongergetlettersfromCanada.

C)Shecan'tgivethestampstotheman'ssister.

D)Shehasgiventhestampstotheman'sroommates.

4.A)VisitingtheBrownings.

B)Writingapostcard.

C)Lookingforapostcard.

D)Fillinginaform.

5.A)Themanshouldworkwithsomebodyelse.

B)Themanshouldmeethispartner'sneeds.

C)Theyshouldcometoacompromise.

D)Theyshouldfindabetterlabfortheproject.

6.A)Shecan'tfinishherassignment,either.

B)Shecan'taffordacomputerrightnow.

C)Themancanusehercomputer.

D)Themanshouldbuyacomputerrightaway.

7.A)Thevisitingeconomisthasgivenseverallectures.

B)Theguestlecturer'sopinionisdifferentfromDr.Johnson's.

C)Dr.Johnsonandtheguestspeakerwereschoolmates.

D)Dr.Johnsoninvitedtheeconomisttovisittheircollege.

8.A)She'sneverwatchedabettergame.

B)Footballisherfavoritepastime.

C)Thegamehasbeencanceled.

D)Theirteamplayedverybadly.

9.A)Themanshouldsticktowhathe'sdoing.

B)Themanshouldtakeupanewhobby.

C)Themanshouldstopplayingtennis.

D)Themanshouldfindthecauseforhisfailure.

10.A)Aninventedstory.

B)Areallifeexperience.

C)Animaginarysituation.

D)Aterriblenightmare.

SectionB

Passageone

Question11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

11.A)ThenameofaGermantown.

B)AresidentofFrankfurt.

C)AkindofGermansausage.

D)AkindofGermanbread.

12.A)Hesoldfastfood.

B)Heraiseddogs.

C)Hewasacook.

D)HewasaCartoonist.

13.A)BecausetheAmericansfoundtheywerefromGermany.

B)Becausepeoplethoughttheycontaineddogmeat.

C)Becausepeoplehadtogetusedtotheirtaste.

D)Becauseitwastoohottoeatrightaway.

PassageTwo

Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

14.A)Theygiveoutfaintcries.

B)Theymadenoisestodriveawayinsects.

C)Theyextendtheirwaterpipes.

D)Theybecomeelasticlikerubberbands.

15.A)Quietplants.

B)Well-wateredplants.

C)Healthyplants.

D)Thirstyplants.

16.A)Theycoulddrivetheinsectsaway.

B)Theycouldkeeptheplantswell-watered.

C)Theycouldmaketheplantsgrowfaste匚

D)Theycouldbuilddevicestotrapinsects.

PassageThree

Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

17.A)Tolookforadifferentlifestyle.

B)Toenjoythemselves.

C)Foradventure.

D)Foreducation.

18.A)Thereare200vehiclesforeverykilometerofroadway.

B)Ithasadensepopulation.

C)Therearemanymuseumsandpalaces.

D)Ithasmanytoweringbuildings.

19.A)Itisacityofcontrasts.

B)Itpossessesmanyhistoricalsites.

C)Itisanimportantindustrialcenter.

D)Ithasmanybigandbeautifulparks.

20.A)Ithelpsdevelopourpersonalities.

B)Itenablesustoacquirefirst-handknowledge.

C)Itmakesourlifemoreinteresting.

D)Itbringsaboutchangesinourlifestyle.

PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.And

anyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundly

oppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.

JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk(廢話)Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingas

shockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflict

andmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety'smoralcatastrophes

(災(zāi)難)，yetpeoplearewillingtoeatupiheintriguingpredicaments(困境)ofotherpeople'slives.

LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshow

focusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual\qualityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildren

responsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.

ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseveryshow

witha“finalword^^.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremost

peoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.

Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow'smaintargetaudiencearemiddle-classAmericans.Mostof

thesepeoplehavethetime.Money,andstabilitytodealwithlife'stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,has

moreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,

relationship,sex,moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow's

exploitation.

Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightandday.Bothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnow.Eachone

caterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobe

consideredpioneersinthetalkshowworld.

21.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyare.

A)morefamily-oriented

B)unusuallypopular

C)moreprofound

D)relativelyformal

22.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience.

A)remainfascinatedbythem

B)arereadytofaceuptothem

C)remainindifferenttothem

D)arewillingtogetinvolvedinthem

23.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?

A)Anewtypeofrobot.

B)Racisthatred.

C)Familybudgetplanning.

D)Streetviolence.

24.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth.

A)ironical

B)sensitive

C)instructive

D)cynical

25.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows.

A)havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuit

B)exploittheweaknessesinhumannature

C)appearatdifferenttimesoftheday

D)aretargetedatdifferentaudiences

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Not

toomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasive

salesmanship^^tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellerto

producegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesand

demandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthe

marketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyfbrresale,themakers

anddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent(慈善的)orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofit

inacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-andeachmustbesatisfied

beforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough

understandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfin

mid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthe

publicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingCustomer

ruled!

26.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,.

A)thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B)makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C)thecustomer-centredapproach

D)aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

27.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?

A)Theneedsofthemarket.

B)Theefficiencyofproduction.

C)Thesatisfactionoftheuser.

D)Thepreferencesofthedealer.

28.Accordingtothepassage,<4tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible^^(Lines3-4,Para.I)means"

A)tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

B)totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C)todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities

D)toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

29.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

A)Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B)Ittakestimefbranewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C)Consumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease.

D)Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer.

30.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson.

A)itsmaincharacteristic

B)itssocialimpact

C)itspossibleconsequence

D)itstheoreticalbasis

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathy(冷漠)and

stagnation(呆滯).Toomuchconflictleadstodivisiveness(分裂)andhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,can

sparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemore

complextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.

Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeof

organization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheir

organizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingand

usuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriafor

effectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswas

mostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancial

indicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfying

constituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceived

thatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

31.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis.

A)wrong

B)oversimplified

C)misleading

D)unclear

32.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk'sresearchshows.

A)theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B)therealvalueofconflict

C)thedifficultyindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D)thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconfliict

33.WecanlearnfromSchwenk'sresearchthat.

A)aperson'sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B)conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C)differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D)itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

34.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations.

A)thereisnoendofconflict

B)expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C)decisionsmustbejustifiable

D)successliesingeneralagreement

35.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization.

A)seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B)arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C)arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D)finditeasiertoreachagreement

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant——withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn'tit?

New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makers

oftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.

Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients(營養(yǎng)物)andcanalsocause

unpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit'suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenough

tokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmore

easily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan'tbedigestedatall.

Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines(腸)“grab"moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbe

usedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculeofsubstancescalledfattyacids.

ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,E,andK.Whenfat

moleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothe

bloodstream.

Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslides

throughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit'sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestines

thatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectson

thebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,E,andKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionof

carotenoids(類胡蘿卜素)，compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.

ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,E,andKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionists

arestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthow

manycaloriestheyareconsuming.

36.Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat.

A)containsplentyofnutrients

B)rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins

C)makesfoodseasilydigestible

D)makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious

37.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe.

A)commerciallyuseless

B)justasanticipated

C)somewhatcontroversial

D)quiteunexpected

38.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat.

A)itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed

B)itfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebody

C)ithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdisease

D)itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins

39.Whatisapossiblenegativeeffectofolestraaccordingtosomecritics?

A)Itmayimpairthedigestivesystem.

B)Itmayaffecttheoverallfatintake.

C)Itmayincreasetheriskofcancer.

D)Itmanyspoiltheconsumers'appetite.

40.Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolestra?

A)Itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.

B)Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.

C)Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.

D)Itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.

答案:

l.D2.A3.C4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.A10.C

11.C12.A13.B14.A15.D16.D17.D18.C19.A20.B

21.B22.A23.C24.C25.D26.C27.B28.A29.D30.A

31.B32.C33.A34.D35.B36.D37.D38.A39.C40.B

200046月美薛幺微步墓

PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)

1.A)Buysometraveller'schecks.

B)Borrowsomemoneyfromafriend.

C)Checkthebrakesandtires.

D)Spendsometimetravelling.

2.A)Heisveryforgivingandtolerant.

B)Heprobablyhasapoormemory.

C)Heiswelllikedbyhiscustomers.

D)Hehasbeenintroducedtothestaff.

3.A)Hethinksthebookshouldincludemoreinformation.

B)Hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytoprovidetheanswers.

C)Theanswerswillbeaddedinalateredition.

D)Thebookdoesincludetheanswers.

4.A)Announceappealsforpublicservice.

B)Holdacharityconcerttoraisemoney.

C)Asktheschoolradiostationforhelp.

D)Poolmoneytofundtheradiostation.

5.A)Shetalkedwiththeconsultantaboutthenewprogramuntiltwo.

B)Shewouldn'ttalktotheconsultantbeforetwo.

C)Shewouldtalktotheconsultantduringlunch.

D)Shecouldn'tcontacttheconsultant'ssecretary.

6.A)Theyareequallycompetentforthejob.

B)Theybothgraduatedfromartschools.

C)Theymajoredindifferentareasofart.

D)Theyarebothwillingtodrawtheposters.

7.A)Atabookstore.

B)Atanartmuseum.

C)Atanewspaperoffice.

D)Atagymnasium.

8.A)ThewomanreceivedaphonecallfromMarkyesterday.

B)ThemaninjuredMarkinatrafficaccidentyesterday.

C)Themanmetafriendbychance.

D)ThewomancontractedMarkonbusiness.

9.A)Themanshouldstayupandwatchtheprogram.

B)Themanshouldreadsomethingexcitinginstead.

C)Themanshouldgotobedateleven.

D)Themanshouldgiveupwatchingthemovie.

10.A)Studentswithalibrarycardcancheckanybookout.

B)Referencebooksarenotallowedtobecheckedout.

C)Onlystudentswithalibrarycardcancheckoutreferencebooks.

D)Thenumberofbooksastudentcancheckoutisunlimited.

SectionB

Passageone

Question11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

11.A)Tofindoutwhethertheytakemusiclessonsintheirspacetime.

B)Tofindoutwhethertheycannamefourdifferentmusicalinstruments.

C)Tofindoutwhethertheyenjoyplayingmusicalinstrumentsinschool.

D)Tofindoutwhethertheydifferintheirpreferenceformusicalinstruments.

12.A)Theyfindthemtoohardtoplay.

B)Theythinkitsillytoplaythem.

C)Theyfinditnotchallengingenoughtoplaythem.

D)Theyconsideritimportanttobedifferentfromgirls.

13.A)Childrenwhohaveprivatemusictutors.

B)Childrenwhoare8orolder.

C)Childrenwhoarebetween5and7.

D)Childrenwhoarewell-educated.

PassageTwo

Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

14.A)Becausethereweren'tanyprofessionalteamsintheU.S.then.

B)BecausePelehadn'tretiredfromtheBrazilianNationalTeamyet.

C)Becausethisfast-movingsportwasn'tfamiliartomanyAmericans.

D)Becausegoodprofessionalplayersreceivedlowsalaries.

15.A)Whenithasalargenumberoffans.

B)Whenitplaysathome.

C)Whenithasmanyinternationalstarsplayingforit.

D)Whenthefanscheerenthusiasticallyforit.

16.A)Itwasn'tamongthetopfourteams.

B)Itdidn'tplayaswellasexpected.

C)ItwontheWorldCup.

D)Itplacedfourth.

PassageThree

Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

17.A)StudentsfromAmerica.

B)StudentsfromEngland.

C)StudentsfromAustralia.

D)StudentsfromJapan.

18.A)Thosewhoknowhowtoprogramcomputers.

B)Thosewhogetspecialaidfromtheirteachers.

C)Thosewhoareveryhardworking.

D)Thosewhohavewell-educatedparents.

19.A)JapanesestudentsstudymuchharderthanColumbianstudents.

B)ColumbianstudentsscorehigherthanJapanesestudentsinmaths.

C)Columbianstudentsaremoreoptimisticabouttheirmathsskills.

D)Japanesestudentshavebetterconditionsforstudy.

20.A)Physics.

B)Mathematics.

C)Environmentalscience.

D)Lifescience.

PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIand

institutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmore

disastrousforfannersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingfor

machinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremained

constant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,

whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1930s

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirect

interferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityfor

farmers.

PresidentHoover'ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.Oneofthefirstmeasuresproposedby

PresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequently

passedbyCongress.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeing

collectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultof

restingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRoosevelt

Administrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation'ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersat

theexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid

(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.

21.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?

A)TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.

B)Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.

C)ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.

D)TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.

22.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas.

A)toincreasefarmproduction

B)toestablishagriculturallaws

C)topreventfarmersfromgoingbankrupt

D)topromotethemechanizationofagriculture

23.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto.

A)reducetheirscaleofproduction

B)makefulluseoftheirland

C)adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproducts

D)beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction

24.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct.

A)mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproducts

B)didn'tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpower

C)wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmers

D)benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers

25.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat.

A)reducingthecostoffarming

B)conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenation

C)loweringtheburdenoffarmers

D)helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbe

conversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they'renowhere

closetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingas

complexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themost

elementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAI

hasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethem

withlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutway

inwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformal

logicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincells

andproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementis

slowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain\neural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicist

MichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence."Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremade

upofcolor-codedtransistors,heexplains,44butit'snotsimplyaclevern