Unit1Grammar

Presentperfecttense&presentcontinuoustense第1頁pastnowYesterday,we

cleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.使用方法1強調過去發生動作對現在產生結果或影響現在完成時第2頁1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseen

itbefore

havedone

it.第3頁“依然，還”用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已經”通慣用于必定句中,放在句中。

Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有時，也用在疑問句中表示詫異。

Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?第4頁“從來不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾經”通慣用于疑問句和必定句中,放在句中。

Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?第5頁“以前”用在完成時中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“剛才”用在陳說句中,放在句中。

Ihavejustboughtanovel。第6頁Shebeganto

workin.Shestillworksherenow.

Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor9years.

第7頁nowpastIbeganto

teachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.Ihavetaught

Englishatthisschoolforfiveyears.使用方法2：過去發生動作一直延續到現在。第8頁1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.haveworkedhavestayed第9頁sinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998sinceshecametotheschool)for+時間段since+時間點for2years/alongtime第10頁一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince第11頁

Exercise依據所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.第12頁3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(預定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone第13頁1.現在完成時用來表示過去發生或已完成動作或狀態對現在造成影響或結果,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在過去但它影響現在還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadbreakfast.(含義是:簡現在不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現在依然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現在已在此地)

第14頁2.現在完成時能夠用來表示發生在過去某一時刻一直連續到現在動作和狀態,常與表示連續時間狀語連用.

表示連續動作或狀態動詞多是延續性動詞。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.第15頁3.現在完成時往往同表示不確定過去時間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等標志詞Hehasalreadygotachancetogoabroad.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet

？第16頁4.現在完成時經常與表示頻度時間狀語連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:

Haveyouever

beentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.第17頁5.現在完成時還往往能夠同包含現在時間在內時間狀語連用,如now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpoems

sofar.

Manhasnowlearnedtomakeuseofnaturalmaterials.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptotheseweeks,everythinghasbeensuccessful.

第18頁have(has)gone和have(has)been區分1.have(has)gone表示“已經去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海路上，或已到上海，總之現在不在這里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾經去過某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經不在上海，只說明她曾經去過。)第19頁非延續性動詞不能與時間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語是瞬間動詞表示動作是一時，不能延續，不能與for、since等表示一段時間詞連用，也不能用于howlong引導疑問句中。如不能說：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但能夠說：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.

這些瞬間動詞常與它對應能夠表示時間段詞語進行交換。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy--study注明：非延續性動詞在否定結構中可用于現在完成時態：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.第20頁現在完成進行時通常使用現在完成進行時幾個情況：1.表過去開始動作連續到現在并仍在繼續中Shehasbeentalkingtomesinceshesawme.2.表示過去開始動作剛結束并在某種情況下與現在相關聯——Sorry,I’mlate,haveyoubeenwaitinglong?——Yes,Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.第21頁C1.Theprice_____recently,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.Awentdown,BwillgodownChasgonedownDwasgoingdown2.Inthepastfewyearsthere____greatchangesinDaMiaotown.AisBwereChavebeenDwillbe.C第22頁

Icleantheblackboardeveryday.I'llcleantheblackboardinseveralminutes.I'mnowcleaningtheblackboard.Icleanedtheblackboardseveralminutesago.Ihavecleanedtheblackboardforseveralminutes.

Ihavebeencleaningtheblackboardforseveralminutes/sinceseveralminutesago.第23頁現在完成時和現在完成進行時區分I

(1)表示從過去某一時間開始一直在進行動作,并有可能連續下去,強調動作全過程；表示從過去到現在重復性動作。(2)注意:多用于延續性動詞，如work,live,study,skate,collect…

表示在某一特定時間之前曾經發生過動作,或者到這一時間為止已經完成動作.1.現在完成時:

have+過去分詞2.現在完成進行時:have+been+現在分詞第24頁現在完成時和現在完成進行時區分II（1）在不用時間狀語情況下，現在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行。而現在完成時則表示動作在過去已結束。如：

Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.

（還在進行）學生們一直在準備考試。

Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已經結束）學生們為考試作了準備。（2）在強調指出動作還未結束，還要繼續下去。如：

I’vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours,but