熱點07中國元素及傳統(tǒng)文化閱讀理解之首字母填空題首字母填空已經(jīng)成為上海中考英語壓軸大題，是難度最大的一種題型。該題要求是根據(jù)句意和已給出的首字母，在句子的空白處填上適當?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整，語法正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力，又考查學生對句子的理解和運用能力。在英語閱讀和考試中，中國元素和傳統(tǒng)文化具有重要的意義。中國元素和傳統(tǒng)文化在英語閱讀和考試中的具體表現(xiàn)多種多樣，涵蓋了文學、歷史、藝術(shù)、哲學等各個領(lǐng)域，展現(xiàn)了中國豐富而獨特的文化傳統(tǒng)。中國元素和傳統(tǒng)文化在英語閱讀和考試中可以體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：文學作品：經(jīng)典的中國文學作品，展示中國傳統(tǒng)文學的魅力和智慧。傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日：中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日如春節(jié)、清明節(jié)、端午節(jié)等是重要的文化活動，相關(guān)習俗和傳統(tǒng)在閱讀和考試中可能成為話題。中國歷史：中國悠久的歷史和文化傳統(tǒng)常常在文章和閱讀材料中被提及，如中國古代的王朝、歷史事件、名人等。中國藝術(shù)：中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫、音樂、戲劇等藝術(shù)形式也是體現(xiàn)中國文化的重要途徑，在閱讀中可能會涉及這些方面。文化思想：儒家、道家、佛家等中國傳統(tǒng)哲學思想對中國文化產(chǎn)生了深遠影響，也是英語閱讀和考試中常見的內(nèi)容?！緫嚰记伞?、通讀全文首先要通讀全文，了解文章大意，只有完全理解句子的意思，才能準確填詞。快速閱讀時，還要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞，這些詞在文中起支撐骨架的功能，抓住了關(guān)鍵詞就抓住了故事的線索。特別是要重視首句，善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文時態(tài)、主題及大意。2、判斷詞性、詞義找出關(guān)鍵詞、短語和句子，利用上下文的語境，先確定空格處所缺詞的意義，再根據(jù)空格處在句中的位置，判斷所缺詞在句子所充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性。然后根據(jù)所給的首字母提示以及詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填詞是否正確。如短文難度較大，尤其是難于選詞時，從本句的前后觀察中一時尚不得要領(lǐng)，就要進一步擴大到上下文中分析。3、復查驗證答題完畢后，再認真審讀全文，檢查所填單詞是否與文章要求相符合，文章是否通順，前后是否呼應，有無語法錯誤等，最后確定答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考?？蓮纳舷挛膬?nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。一、Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)膯卧~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）Whenitcomestoopera,youmightthinkofPekingOpera.ButhaveyoueverheardofQinqiangOpera(秦腔)?QinqiangOperaisoneofthee1formsofoperainChina.ItstartedontheancientfolksongsanddancesofthepeopleinShanxiandGansuprovinces.Accordingtohistoricalr2,thelocaloperadatesallthewaybacktotheQinDynasty(221-206B．C．).HouYanisthepresidentandPartysecretaryofQinqiangTheateroftheNingxiaPerformingArtsGroup.ShestartedlearningQinqiangOperaat4.TraininginthebasicskillsofQinqiangOperaisveryc3.In1985,Houstudiedatanartschoolwhereteacherswereverystrictwithstudents.Legstretching(伸展),waistbending(彎曲)andsomersaults(翻筋斗)werejustsomeofHou’sdailytrainingroutines.Whiletraining,eachbasicmovewouldhavetobeheldaccuratelyforhalfanhourandasinglem4couldmeanshehadtostartalloveragain.Herhardworkf5paidoff.Houbecameaperformerwithatroupe(劇團)inYinchuanat16.Butin1993,thesweepingtrend(趨勢)ofpopandWesternmusichitQinqiangOperahard.ThetroupewasclosedandHouhadnochoicebuttoleavetheoperastage.Inthepastdecades,however,Chinahasmadegreateffortstodevelopitstraditionalculture.Hour6tothestagein2000andputherheartintotheoperaform.Now,Hou’steamgiveshundredsofperformanceseveryyear.TheaverageageofHou’soperateamis30.In2021,theystagedabout150schoolperformances.“Aswebecomemorec7aboutourculture,moreyoungpeoplefeelproudofourtraditionalcultureandtakeitasafashionabletrend.Theyalsobecomepromoters(倡導者)ofourownculture,”saidHou.二、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Goodthingsoftencomeinsmallpackages.Thisise8trueinthecaseofminiatureart(微型藝術(shù)),where,uponcloseobservation,greatthingsareoftenrevealed.TheNationalGalleryofLondondescribes“anartistwhopaintsingreatdetailsonaverysmallscale”asaminiaturist.Thepiecesthatminiaturistscreatearecalledminiatureart.E9examplescanbedatedbacktocenturiesagoinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.InIndia,tinydrawingswerepaintedontopalmleaves7.62centimeterswide.A12.5-millimeter-tallcarvingofabird,d10inLingjing,China,hasbeencalledChina’soldestworkofart.Thecarving,about13,500yearsold,mightbeoneoftheworld’soldestpiecesofminiatureart.Overtheyears,miniaturistshaveusedmanydifferentm11,frompapertoplantseeds,tocreatetinypaintings,sculpturesandengravingsofpeople,animalsandscenery.Twothingsarerequiredofeachartist:plentyoftimeandbeingp12tocreateminiatureart.Thepiecesaresotinythattheyneedtobeworkedoncarefullyandslowly.Thoughsmall,thepiecesmustbeperfectlyformed.Someoneo13said,“Aminiaturemustalwaysbedesignedforcloseobservation.Itismeanttobeheldinthehand,watchedcloselyandeventobelookedatwithamagnifyingglass.”Tinyminiaturepaintingsmustbeaccomplishedwithsuchfinestrokes(筆劃)thatwhenthepieceismagnified,itsamazingdetailisenhanced.Thesameistrueforminiaturesculpturesandallotherformsofminiatureart.Miniatureartbegantol14itsattractioninthe19thcenturywhenphotographyappeared.Overthelast30years,though,miniatureshavebeenmadepopularagain.Itisunlikelythatminiatureartwillevergoawayaslongaspeopleremainfascinatedbytinymasterpieces.三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，首字母已給，每格限填一詞）Wehaveheardaboutcormorantfishing，Chineseknot，papercut．Butdoyouknowclayfigurine（泥人）isa15kindoftraditionalfolkartinChina．Thefigurinesaremainlycharactersandanimalsandtheclayistakenasrawmaterialandputintoafigurinebyh16．ThiskindofartbeganattheNeolithicPeriod（新石器時代）．Thepotterypigandsheepwered17inHemudurelics（遺址）ofZhejiangProvince．Peoplealsofoundpottery，claypigandclaysheepheadinHenanProvince．Ithasaboutsixtoseventhousandyearshistory．However，itwasuntiltheMingandQingdynastiesthattheclayfigurinehadbeenr18producedandbecameoneofthemainartworksinthepeople'sculturelife．Theartofclayfigurineisd19intotwopartsinChina：WuxiHuishanClayFigurineandTianjin"ClayFigurineZhang"．TheHuishanClayFigurinewhichcomesfromthewesternpartofWuxiCity，JiangsuProvince．Ithasahistoryofoveronethousandyears．Themostf20character"BigAFu"isrichandbrisk，deepandsimpleinsculpture，brightandardent（熱情的）incolor，fullofarichnativetinge（色調(diào)）．Tianjin"ClayFigurineZhang"beganinDaoguangPeriodoftheQingDynastyandhadahistoryofabout180years．ZhangMingshanwasthefirstpersonof"ClayFigurineZhang"．Itsaidthathecouldc21alifelikeclayfigurinewithlivelyfacialexpressioninaminutewhilesittingandtalkingtoothers．四、Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~使其通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)AugieDobson,a9-year-oldAmericanboyisproudofhisabilitytospeakChinese.HehasbeenstudyingthelanguageforthreeyearsfromShanghaiCommunityInternationalSchool.Augieisoneofagroupofthreeandtookpartinadramaperformancecompetition.Itwasorganizedtoe22overseasstudentstounderstandChineseculture.TheirplayisbasedonTangDynasty(618—907)poetHeZhizhang’s“HuiXiangOuShu”.Luckily,theplaygotthesecondp23atyesterday’sceremony.“HuiXiangOuShu”meanswritingsomethingafterreturninghome.Itdescribesanoldmanwholefthishometownatayoungagebutfeelslikeas24whenhereturnsacoupleofyearslater.MrsSun,aChineseteacherinschoolsaidshetriestoteachherpupilstosinganddancetothepoem.Childrenareinterestedinsingingpoemsratherthanjustrecitingt25.StudentsatShanghaiCommunityInternationalSchoolnowlearnanancientpoemeveryday.“It’sdifficultb26I’mtryingtoremember,”saidAugie.Thefirstprizewenttodrama“KongChengJi”performedbystudentsatDulwichCollegeShanghai.KongChengJi,tellsofZhugeliangduringtheThreeKingdomsperiod(220—280).Hehadnoarmytoprotectandguardthecitybutm27tomaketheenemy’sleaderSimaYibelievethatthecitywasfulloftrapsandambushes(埋伏).Asaresult,Simagaveup.LiZihaoplaysSimainthedrama.Liisafanofchengyu,Chinesefour-characteridioms(四字成語).“I’vedownloadedanappabouttellingstorieswithchengyu,andhelovesit.Ithinkchengyuisaverys28andimportantpartofChineseculture.Fourwordsalonecanmeanalot,andchengyushowsthegreatwisdomofoldChinesepeople.”saidhismother.五、Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~使其通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)Yuhang(余杭)inHangzhouisknownformakingoilpaperumbrellasformorethan230years.In2015,LiuWeixuegaveupawell-paidjobasadesignertolearnfromhisgrandfatherthea29ofmakingYuhangoilpaperumbrellas.“Ibegantoloveitataveryyoungage,Iwantedtobringittolife.”Liusaid.“Whenitrains,someoneusestheumbrella—that’swhatIwanttosee.”Therearemorethan70stepstomakeaYuhangoilpaperumbrella.Makingbambooribs(傘骨)andpasting(糊)papersaretwoi30skillsamongthem.Ittakesnolessthanaweektomakeanumbrella.Afterlearningtheskills,Liuopenedastudio(工作坊)andworkedwithlocalumbrella-makingmasters(能手).Liui31theumbrellastowintheheartsofyoungpeople.Asthepaperbrokee32,heusedathickerpaper.Inatest,hisumbrellaswereopenedandclosed1,000timeswithoutbreaking.Heusesal33kindofbambootomaketheribs,sotheumbrellasweighless.Asyoungpeoplelikehand-paintedpictures,heinvitespainterstodrawpatternsontheumbrellacovers.Whenonlineshoppingbecamepopular,Liuopenedanonlineshoptosellumbrellas.Itnowhasmorethan80,000followers.S34,hedoesn’thurry.Toensurequality,hisstudiomakesonly1,000umbrellaseachyear.Hehopesthathecanenterlocalschoolstoteachstudentse35heknowsonhowtomakethiskindofumbrellas.一、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞,首字母已給。）WhilemostpeoplethinktheChineseNewYear’scelebrationgoesonforonlyoneday,byc1itisafifteen-daycelebration,andsomeofthesedayshavetheirownfestivals.ThemostimportantoftheseistheLanternFestival.It’snotreallyclearhowtheLanternFestivals2.Whatisknownisthatthefestivalisover2,000yearsold.Inoneolds3,anemperororderedpeopletolightlanternstohonorBuddha.Muchlater,peoplebegantocarryaroundredpaperlanternswithriddlesonthem.Inmanycities,peoplecomet4inparkswiththeirlanterns,anditisagametowalkaroundandtrytosolveeachother’sriddles.DuringtheTangDynasty(618-907）,thefestivalbecamesoimportantthatitwentonforthreedays.Everyonewasallowedtojoininthefun,evensinglewomencouldgetoutofthehouseatnight.Forthisr5,thefestivalbecamelinkedwithdatingandlove.DuringtheLanternFestival,manypeopleeattangyuanoryuanxiao.Infact,eatingyuanxiaoissopopularthatanothernamefortheLanternFestivalistheYuanxiaoFestival.Tangyuanandyuanxiaoareverys6,andsomepeopleevensaytheyarethesamefood.Botharedumplingsmadeofriceflour.Somearesweetandsomearesalty.ThesefoodsaremostofteneatenathomewiththefamilyonthedayoftheLanternFestival.Ofcourse,animportantpartoftheLanternFestivalisthelanternst7.Somecitiestrytohavethelargest,mostbeautifullanternsaround,ofalldifferentkindsofshapesandsizes.Duringthistimeofyear,youcanseestreetslinedwithlanternsandparksthatareseasoflanterns,makingeveryonefeelfestiveandhappy.二、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞,首字母已給。）FamilyWithsomanypeopleinChina,therearenotenoughresourcesforeveryone.Thegovernmentlimitsthepopulationbya8familiestohaveonlyonechild,orinsomecasestwo.Childrenareoftencalled“l(fā)ittleemperors(皇帝)”becausetheyaresop9buttheyalsofeelgreatstresstomaketheirfamilyproud.TraditionallychildreninChinalivedinthesamehomewiththeirparentsandgrandparents.However,peoplemovemoreoftennowadays,andmosthomesaresmallespeciallyinthecities.SchoolChildrenusuallystartschoolattheageofsix.ClassesareinMandarin(普通話)butsomeschoolsalsoinvitef10teacherstoteachspokenEnglishinclass.Atage15,studentstakeanimportanttestthatisconsideredthek11toasuccessfulfuture.“Learningislikeajourneythatwillcontinueforalongtime,”goesanoldChinesesaying.FoodFamilyandfriendsoftencometogetherformealtimes.AChinesemeali12manydifferentdishes,suchassoup,dumplings,meatandvegetables.Everyonesharesthemtogetherwithchopsticks.Specialfoodsareservedonspecialmoments.Forexample,adishofextra-longnoodlesatbirthdaystandsforaw13forlonglife.C14Chinaalsohasarichtraditionofartandmusic.Manystillpracticecalligraphy(書法),usingspecialbrushesforwritingcharacters,andsomeschoolshasevenstartedcalligraphylessonsforchildrensinceseveralyearsago.Thesedays,modernpopmusicisbecomingmorepopularwithyoungpeople.三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)膯卧~，使內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)WhatcomestoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBeijing?TheForbiddenCity?Tian’anmenSquare?TheTempleofHeaven?Thesef15landmarksarealllocatedalongthecentralaxis(中軸線).AsthebestpreservedareaoftheoldcityofBeijing,thecentralaxisisnowunderconsiderationforUNESCO’sWorldHeritagestatus.Thecentralaxismeansthe‘line’thatseparatesthee16andwesternpartsofBeijing.At7.8kilometerslong,itrunsfromYongdingGateinthesouthtotheBellTowerandDrumTowerinthenorth.ItsbuildingstartedintheYuanDynasty(1271-1368),andc17intheQingDynasty.Thecentralaxisislikethebackbone(脊梁)ofBeijing.Itsmartlyarrangedthepalaces,temples,marketsandstreetsina18times.ThecentralaxisshowsthetraditionalChineseconceptof‘respectingthecenter’.Thisstressedthei19ofimperialpower(皇權(quán)),astheroyalpalacewouldbeinthecentralspot.Otherimportantbuildingswereplacedaroundit.Forexample,theImperialAncestralTemplewastotheeastoftheForbiddenCity,whiletheAltarofLandandGrainlaytothewest.ThecentralaxisalsoshowstraditionalChinesei20likeharmonybetweenmanandnature(天人合一)andfollowingorder.Itrunsfromthesouthtothenorth,thesameasthed21ofameridian(經(jīng)線).TheculturethatstartedfromtheZhouDynasty(11thcentury-256BC．stressedbalance,symmetry(對稱)andorder.Therearelotsofsymmetricbuildingsalongtheaxis.TheForbiddenCityisthemostwell-known.‘TheuniqueandmagnificentspatialorderofBeijingwasgeneratedbythiscentralaxis,’saidanarchitect.四、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一詞,首字母已給)Aroadisabridgebetweentwoplaces.TheSilkRoadhasbeenabridgebetweenEastandWestformorethan2,000years.ButdidyouknowthattheSilkRoadisnotas22route?Itisactuallyaseriesoftradeandculturetransmission（傳送)routes.Itstartedtotakeshapeduring.theWesternHanDynasty.ThetraderoutestartedfromthecityofXi'anin