NeitherAPInoranyofAPI'semplwarrantyorrepresentation,eitherexpressorimplied,withrespecttotheaccuanyinformationorprocessdisclosedinthispublicatioaccuracyandreliabilityofthedatdamageresultingfromitsuseorfortheviolaThesepublicationsarenotintendedtoobviamanufacture,sale,oruseofanThisdocumentwasproducedunderAPlstandardizationproceduresthatensureappropriatenotificationandparGenerally,APIstandardsarereviewedandrevised,reannuallybyAPI,200MassachusettsAvenue,NW,SSuggestedrevisionsAvenue,NW,Suite1100,Washington,DC20001,i 1 1 1 1 4 5 5 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 2 23 23 26 27 28 V 29 32 40 41 43 43 43 4 4 44 4 45 45 47 73 7 47 48 49 58 61 —Providingoperatorswithenhan—detailedtechnicaldesignofLDSs(asthisisoperator,LDSs,a_ix—equipmentselectioncriteria(a-adefinitionoftherelationshipbetweenemexforhazardousliquidpipelinesthatarejurisdictionaminimizingnegativeconsequThefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheaponlytheeditioncitedapplies.For3Terms,Definitions,Acronyms,andr1CopyiohtAmericanP2APLRECCopyiohtAmericanPFunctionalgroupofsafeguards,suchasprimarycontainmenoperationalprocedures,managementsystemelements,orworkerApplicationsthatusesensorstThatwhichmaybeaverificationmethod,separatecalculaIndividualtechnologyapplications(e.g.realtimetransientmodel,wet PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENT4APLRECOMCopyiohtAmericanP3.2AcronymsandAbbrevi PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanPRACIResponsiRCMRelselecting,designing,analyzing,implementing,maintaining,andempoweringaculturewithinanopeisaclearconnectionbetweengdetectionperformancemetrics(forexamplerregulatoryrequirementsemphasizetheadherencetoapprovedprocoperatingexperienceoftheirpipelines6e)SelectionofLDSs.Theleakdetecf)Integrationofallformsofleakdj)Training,testing,andoperations/procedures.ThestrahelpmovetowardtrainiPPELINELEAKDETECTIOPPELINELEAKDETECTIOfdofChange…ofRP1175ofRP11755ManagementC8Operatorsshoulddevelbesuccessful.Astrongleakdetect—PoliciesandtrainingonStop-Work-AuthorityCopyiohtAmericanP PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanPcharacteristicstodeterminethelikelihoodandcon—operatingpressure-to-hydrotestratio(i.e.thesafe-specificterrainbetween—Isolationcapability(pumps,numberofvalves—Environmentalfactrisks,whichcaninclude,forexa10Arisk-basedapproachshouldbeappliedtotheevaluationofanoperatotheselectionproceassessment.Thesefactorscani一performancemetrics:reliability,sensitivity,r—primary,complementary,alternativeLDSsinplaceandthei-LeakdetectioncapabifTheselectionofLDSs,lea-evaluatinggapsi PiPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanP—integratingtheoperator'srequi-evaluatingtheavailabletechnologyforleak8.2IncorporatingReglocationcapability),methodoltechniqueanoperatorisfamiliarwith),orsomeothercritassociatedlevelofrisk.These12CopyiohtAmericanPbeindependentoftheinputsaaaabaaaaCbbaaCCbba PiPELINELEAKDETECTION—PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanP—additionalmaintenance,support,anPracticaltechniquesarereadi一一一二一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一Applicationsthatusesensors(orleakdetectors14CopyiohtAmericanP-acousticemissi—hydrocarbonsensors(includingthoseofmultipleparametersthatmayinclu—realtimetransient—pressure/flowmonitoring.-acoustic/negativepreofselectioncriteriaandseleakdetectionmethod(s)selected.Theseincludeelevationprofilproperties,limitationsofthelocation,meteorology,radiantheateffects,andothastheusingfiberopticcabletosupporttelemetryforpipelalarm(PAGA)systems,closed-circuittelevision(CCTV PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanP—pipelinesthatposechalle—pipelineswithuniqueTheoperatormayperiodically—whentechnologyoroperatingconditionswarra16CopyiohtAmericanP—changeofregulatoryrequire—leakdetectionstrategycLDP.Thesemetricsaredefinedassensitivity,relia PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanPThefollowingcategorizesanddescribesperformancemetricsforselectiA18CopyiohtAmericanP9.2.4ExamplesofMetrics,KPlsExamplePer-numberoffalsepositiveindications(e.g.falsealarms)(f-numberoffalsenegativeindications(e.gaveragethresholds,o—reliablydetectablelea PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanP-percentageoftimeunabletomain9.3.1DefiningPerf20CopyiohtAmericanPtargetsaccordingtotheperfo9.3.2SelectingPerformaforementionedmetriWithmultipleperformancemetr9.3.3Determinationofexampleofuncertaintiesoffourfactors PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanPfPerformanceobservatio—itaccountsforas-built,real-worldconditions.Thesetwomethods(estimationandobservatio22Withoutgreatcare,suchoperatormaydeducethattheiruncompensatedvolumebalanceasignificantchangewhichmayimAlteringaninstrumentoutputthatiscrorapressureoutputtosimulateahTheoperatormayleverageLDSsy PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTTheuseofflowchartTheoperatorshoulddevelecontrollertakeadditionalactiontoanar24requireanimmediateshutdown).Ingenerindication(s).—followproceduresaswritt-useoperator-providedanalysistools(e.-useadditionalexpertise-recognizeconflictingdata,andhow-wheneverpossible,useanindepthepipelineinvolvealimihavetriggeredthealarm.Th PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENT—lossoffunctionoftheleakdetectiontechnique(e.g—dataorinstrumentationf—dataorinstrumentationoutageala-notificationsfromsurveill-alarmsthatcoincidewithstart-up/s—abnormaloperatingconditions;forexample,radicalunexplainedpressurCopyiohtAmericanP26CopyiohtAmericanPOperatorresponseproceduresshouldalso—pressureandflowmonitorin-real-timevideofeedthatiscont PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTCopyiohtAmericanP—pressuretesting(shut—eventtimelineanddur—classificationoftheindica—date/timeoftheindication,—hazardousliquidbeingt-consequence/impactofthe—informationfromfieldoperations;-emergencynotificationsissue—chronologyofcommunicationsbetweenstakeholders;—teamworkparticipantsduringt—alarm/eventslogsand—controllerlogbook/notebookandturn-over28CopyiohtAmericanP-causeoftheevent(forexample,hudragreductionagent(DRA),atypicaloperation—contributingfactors;OperatorsshoulddeveOperatorsshoulddevelopaproTherestartprocessshoubeenmadetothesystem.Theoperat PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENT30CopyiohtAmericanPWhatwasbeingworkedonWhatwasbeingworkedon-learningopportunities(forthecontroller,SCADA,engineering,fieldandenvironment),compliance,andanyotherrelevantstakeholders);-newequipmentorinstTheoperatorshouldconducPPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTThisfeedbackmayinfluencethefrequencyofthePeriodically,withthetimandthresholdsfromtheperspectiveofsensitivityandreliabilit—complexityofpipelineoperations,-presenceofoccasionalcolumnseparationoperation,—withdrawaltests;—stakeholderreviews;-equipmentadditions/re—leakdetectionmethodadditions/replaceme32ofpreviousnon-leakalarmsontThresholdsettingevaluatestheexistingtrobustness,andaccuracy.ThreshoThresholdsettingacknowledgeshethresholdexpectati PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENT—Reliability-focusedphilosophy-defineatolerablealarmli-Sensitivity-focusedphilosophy-definesensitivitytargetsan-Balancedphilosophy-SetbShort-termthresholdchangestosup-equipmentpreventativemaintenanceor-modificationofoperation(minimizecolumnseparationconditions;forCopyiohtAmericanP34CopyiohtAmericanP-Evaluatingoperationalchan-Weightingshort-termDuringtuning,otherchangesinvolveschangingtheweig PiPELINELEAKDETECTION—PROGRAMMANAGEMENTOperatorsshouldhavecleardescriptionsoftheirleakdetecthelpsthestakeholder(s)understandtheiemployeesevenwhenthesamefunctiontitleCulture,Management,Reporting,BroadOperatonal,anCulture,Management,Reporting,DetailedOperational,anAnalystLeakDetectionStaffCulture,Management,BroadOperational,andDetailedTechnical36Engineering:SupportCultureandDetailedTeCultureandDetailedTeCultureandDetailedTeFieldOperations:FieldaCulture,Reporting,andArea-SpecificTechnicalFieldOperations:ConnectingReportingandArea-SpecificTechniThepartiesinvolvedmayincludecontrolcemergencysupportresponse.Inaddition,theremaGroupthinkisoftenwithoutcriticalevaluationofcomplacency,oranenvironmentthatsupersedestheauthorityofthecontrolphenomenonandtheinter PPELINELEAKDETECTION-PROGRAMMANAGEMENTcommunicationsystems,processingunits,andbackupsys"Reliability"forequip-Inwhatwaysmayitfailordeg-Whathappenswheneachfailure/degradationoccurs?CopyiohtAmericanP38CopyiohtAmericanP-Whatproceduresmaybeimplementindividualcomponents,backupsystems,communicationchannels,oralternativeoperatiexample,redundantsensorsmaybemadeactreplacement.TheoperatorFieldinstrumentationshouldbeaccuracy.Programpoliciesmayspecifydesignrequirem