Unit5Animalfriends語(yǔ)法篇（形容詞&情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/may）(“學(xué)”&“練”)形容詞關(guān)于“形容詞”語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，教材如是說(shuō)：我們常用形容詞來(lái)描述人或物。◆形容詞可以放在名詞前充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。如：Hehasshorthairandlonglegs.他頭發(fā)很短，腿很長(zhǎng)。Ithastwobigears.它有兩只大耳朵。◆形容詞也可以放在連系動(dòng)詞后充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。如：Heisveryhappytoday.今天他很開(kāi)心。Beijingoperaisfamousallovertheworldnow.如今，京劇在全世界都很有名。注意：除be動(dòng)詞外，連系動(dòng)詞還有bee,feel,get,look,seem,smell,sound,taste,turn等。這些詞后面常接形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。如：Shefeltalittleill.她覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)不舒服。Leavesturnbrowninautumn.秋天樹(shù)葉變黃一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞的，表示事物的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、數(shù)量等內(nèi)容。形容詞根據(jù)其性質(zhì)、功能等可以進(jìn)行多種分類。下面我們將詳細(xì)介紹形容詞的分類方法。1.按照含義分類(只要求了解一下就行)分類舉例用來(lái)描述具體性質(zhì)的“描述性形容詞”或具體特征的“特征形容詞”(如：大小、形狀、顏色等)beautiful(美麗的)，clever(聰明的)，brave(勇敢的)，friendly(友好的)，honest(誠(chéng)實(shí)的)。big(大的)，small(小的)，round(圓形的)，square(方形的)，long(長(zhǎng)的，久的)，tall(高的)，short(矮的，短的)，red(紅色的)，blue(藍(lán)色的)。描述人或物的狀態(tài)或情緒，通常和人的心情、身體狀況等有關(guān)的“狀態(tài)形容詞”happy(快樂(lè)的)，tired(累的)，sad(悲傷的)，ill(生病的)，awake(清醒的)。(這些形容詞大多反映的是臨時(shí)性的狀態(tài))表示所修飾的名詞數(shù)量、多少的“數(shù)量形容詞”few(少的<修飾可數(shù)名詞>)，little(少的<修飾不可數(shù)名詞>)，many(多的<修飾可數(shù)名詞>)，much(多的<修飾不可數(shù)名詞>)，several(幾個(gè)的)，some(一些的)，no(沒(méi)有的)，all(全部的)。表示程度或范圍的形容詞more(更多的)，less(更少的)，enough(足夠的)，little(少的)，great(大的，重要的)。2.按照功能分類分類舉例作定語(yǔ)的形容詞修飾名詞，表示名詞的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等，通常置于名詞前面。(關(guān)于形容詞作定語(yǔ)需要后置的問(wèn)題，參看下列“拓展知識(shí)”欄目有關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn))Abeautifulflower()Anoldbook()作表語(yǔ)的形容詞，通常跟在連系動(dòng)詞后，表示主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)。Heishappy.Theskyisblue.。Shefeelstired.“the+形容詞”可以作為名詞來(lái)使用。________shouldhelp________.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。________aretakengoodcareofinthenursinghouse.老年人在護(hù)理院受到很好的照顧。________________inthepasthasnowbeepossible.過(guò)去的不可能現(xiàn)在變成了可能。3.按照等級(jí)分類(該知識(shí)點(diǎn)以后會(huì)陸續(xù)學(xué)到，現(xiàn)在僅供參考)分類舉例原級(jí)形容詞small(小的)，tall(高的)，happy(快樂(lè)的/高興的)，beautiful(美麗的)，expensive(昂貴的)。比較級(jí)形容詞small→smaller(更小的)，tall→taller(更高的)，happy→happier(更快樂(lè)的/高興的)，beautiful→morebeautiful(更美麗的)，expensive→moreexpensive(更昂貴的)。最高級(jí)形容詞(常跟定冠詞the連用)small→smallest(最小的)，tall→tallest(最高的)，happy→happiest(最快樂(lè)的/高興的)，beautiful→mostbeautiful(最美麗的)，expensive→mostexpensive(最昂貴的)。二、拓展知識(shí)【研學(xué)活動(dòng)】1形容詞的功能注意點(diǎn)舉例作定語(yǔ)置于名詞前，起修飾、說(shuō)明的作用。它們的前面常帶有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等。Thisis________________.這是一輛新自行車(chē)。________________ismine.那個(gè)新MP4是我的。______________ismine,andthefulloneisyours.這只空瓶子是我的，那只滿的是你的。以a打頭的形容詞(如：afraid,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定語(yǔ)需后置(置于名詞的后面)Haveyoueverseena________________?你見(jiàn)過(guò)活的蛇嗎？He’stheonly________________.他是唯一一個(gè)睡著的孩子。________________ismine.

睡著的嬰兒是我的。修飾some,every,any,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞，需要后置(置于不定代詞的后面)Ihave________________totellyou.我有些重要的事情要告訴你。Momhastakenaway________________inthisroom.老媽已經(jīng)把屋里所有能用的東西都拿走了。Jack,isthere________________intoday’snewspaper?杰克，今天的報(bào)紙上有什么重要的事情嗎？Thereis_______________.沒(méi)啥特別的。形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)需后置(置于名詞的后面)Heis________________________.他是一個(gè)值得表?yè)P(yáng)的工人。Thepeopleinthevillage,________________,gatheredtowatchthefun.

村里的老老少少全來(lái)看熱鬧了。Huangismyhusband,smartandhardworking.我先生姓黃，他聰明又勤奮。作表語(yǔ)形容詞作表語(yǔ)用于連系動(dòng)詞be或其它連系動(dòng)詞后面，常見(jiàn)的其它連系動(dòng)詞有：感官動(dòng)詞：feel,look,seem(appear),smell,sound,taste等。表變化的系動(dòng)詞：bee(成為，變得),get(變得),go(變，成為),grow(漸漸變得),turn(變成)等。表持續(xù)的系動(dòng)詞：keep,remain,stay等。Heseemsvery________today.他今天看起來(lái)很高興。Theflowerslookvery________.這些花看起來(lái)很漂亮。Thesoupsmells________.這湯聞起來(lái)很香。Themusicsoundsvery________.這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很悅耳。Thefoodtastes________.Don’teatit.這食物味道不好。不要吃它。Theleavesturn________inautumn.秋天樹(shù)葉變黃了。Itisimportanttokeep________whenyouareindanger.面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，保持鎮(zhèn)定很重要。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在動(dòng)詞：keep,stay,make,find,feel,think等的后面。常見(jiàn)句型有：keep/staysth.+adj.makesb.+adj.find/feel/thinkit+adj.todosth.Weshouldkeepourclassroom________.我們應(yīng)該保持教室干凈。Johnmakesmevery________.約翰令我很生氣。Ifindit________tostudymath,butIwillstudyharder.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很難，但是我將更努力。以下知識(shí)僅供參考形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)的前提條件是表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，否則形容不能用于作狀語(yǔ)。Icamebackhome,tiredandhungry.我回到家，又累又餓。(表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的一種狀態(tài))After10hoursofdriving,hegothome,safe.開(kāi)車(chē)10個(gè)小時(shí)后，他安全到家了。(表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的一種狀態(tài))原因狀語(yǔ)，置于句首Hungryandtired,Ienteredarestaurantandhadabowlofnoddles.又餓又累，我走進(jìn)一家餐館，吃了一碗面條。Easytogetalongwith,sheislovedbyeveryone.她很容易相處，每個(gè)人都愛(ài)她。伴隨狀語(yǔ)，置于句首，也可置于句尾Happy,thelittlegirlrantohermother.小女孩高興地跑向媽媽。Thecrimehidhimselfinthecorner,afraidofbeingcaught.罪犯躲在角落里，生怕被抓住。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，置于句尾Maryarrivedatherhome,tiredandhungry.瑪麗回到家，又累又餓。JackcamebackhomefromtheSecondWar,safeandsound.杰克從第二次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中平安歸來(lái)。讓步狀語(yǔ)，常由一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)或由or連接的兩個(gè)以上的并列形容詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，置于句首，也可置于句中Oldandyoung,everyonelikesmusic.無(wú)論老少，每個(gè)人都喜歡音樂(lè)。Everyone,poororrich,shouldbeequal.每個(gè)人，無(wú)論貧富，都應(yīng)該平等。【研學(xué)活動(dòng)】2內(nèi)容注意點(diǎn)舉例多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)的排列順序(+名詞)口訣：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍加材料，作用類別往后靠。解釋：①限定詞包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或數(shù)詞，它位于各類形容詞前(如：bothmyhands,allhalfhisine等)②“描繪”性形容詞(如：beautiful,bad,cold等)③“大長(zhǎng)高”表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等一些詞(如：big,small,short,tall)④表示“年齡和新老”的詞(young,old,new等)⑤表示“顏色”的詞(black,orange等)⑥表示“形狀”的詞(round,square等)⑦“國(guó)籍”指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的詞(Chinese,British,American等)⑧“材料”的詞(cotton,stone,silk,plastic等)⑨“作用類別”的詞(writingdesk,medicalcollege,policecar等)一座美麗的中國(guó)古代的白色小石橋：abeautifulsmallancientwhiteChinesestonebridge兩張新式的美式的木制的褐色的漂亮圓桌子：twobeautifulroundnewbrownAmericanwoodentablesenough的位置問(wèn)題作形容詞用，意為“足夠的”，既可以置于名詞前面，也可置于名詞后面There’s____________forfivepeople.=There’s___________forfivepeople.這地方足以容下五個(gè)人。作副詞用，意為“足夠地”，置于形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞的后面Icouldn’trun____________

tocatchupwithher.我跑得不夠快，趕不上她。________________,they’veneveractuallymet.奇怪得很，他們居然從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正見(jiàn)過(guò)面。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/may關(guān)于“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/may”語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，教材如是說(shuō)：我們可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could來(lái)表示能力。◆情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過(guò)去的能力。如：HecanspeakgoodEnglish.他英語(yǔ)講得很好。Sandycannotdance.桑迪不會(huì)跳舞。Theoldmancouldswimacrosstheriverwhenhewasyoung.這位老人年輕時(shí)能夠游過(guò)這條河。注意：我們也可以用beableto來(lái)表示能力，be動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)句子所用時(shí)態(tài)而變化。我們也可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/may來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或給予許可。◆在請(qǐng)求或給予許可時(shí)，canI/we最為口語(yǔ)化，couldI/we表示一種委婉的語(yǔ)氣，比canI/we更有禮貌。mayI/we則較正式。如：CanIuseyourpen?我可以用一下你的鋼筆嗎？Couldwepicnichere?我們可以在這兒野餐嗎？MayIaskyousomequestions?我可以問(wèn)您幾個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？拓展知識(shí)【研學(xué)活動(dòng)】拓展內(nèi)容注意點(diǎn)舉例can/could與beableto“can/could”的基本含義是“能夠”，表示主語(yǔ)具備做某事的能力或可能性，后直接跟動(dòng)詞原形，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。They____________theproblem.他們能夠解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。She____________thepianoattheageoffive.她五歲就會(huì)彈鋼琴。“beableto”的含義也是“能夠”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)努力或某種情況變化后而獲得的能力或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性，有人稱數(shù)的變化。Afterstudyinghard,he________________theexam.經(jīng)過(guò)努力學(xué)習(xí)，他通過(guò)了考試。They________________theworkbytomorrow.他們明天之前能夠完成這項(xiàng)工作。對(duì)can/could(請(qǐng)求或給予許可)疑問(wèn)句的回答當(dāng)允許別人做某事時(shí)，答語(yǔ)用can而不用could(因?yàn)閱?wèn)句里的could不是表示“過(guò)去”，而是表示“委婉的語(yǔ)氣”)。??????????當(dāng)不允許別人做某事時(shí)答語(yǔ)用can’/cannot/cannot或mustn’t(表示禁止)??????????但是：詢問(wèn)“能力”時(shí)，答語(yǔ)要用can或could(表示過(guò)去)①—________Iuseyourcellphoneforawhile?我可以用一下你的嗎?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.好的，當(dāng)然可以。②—________Itrythoseshoesonplease?我能試一下那些鞋子嗎？—Yes,you________.可以。??????????③—CanIsinghere?我能在這里唱歌嗎?—No,you________.Butyoucanlistentomusichere.不，你不能。但是你可以在這里聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。④—Mom,couldIwatchTVafterfinishingmyhomework?媽媽，我做完作業(yè)后可以看電視嗎？—Sorry,you________.You’dbettergooutforawalk.

對(duì)不起，你不能。你最好出去走走。??????????①—Canyoudance?你會(huì)跳舞嗎？—Yes,I________.Ioftendanceafterschool.是的，我會(huì)。我經(jīng)常放學(xué)后跳舞。②—Couldyouplaythepianoattheage8?你8歲時(shí)會(huì)彈鋼琴嗎？—Yes,I________.IbelieveIwillbeabletoplayitbetterinthefuture.是的，我會(huì)。我相信將來(lái)我會(huì)彈得更好。對(duì)may(請(qǐng)求或給予許可)疑問(wèn)句的回答同意請(qǐng)求時(shí)用can或者may，或者不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞回答，而用Sure,Certainly,Noproblem,Yes,please等來(lái)回答。??????????不同意請(qǐng)求時(shí)用can’t/cannot/cannot,mustn’t，或者不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞回答，而用I’mafraidnot等。①—MayIhavealookatyourphotos?我可以看看你的照片嗎？—Yes,you________.是的，你可以。②—MayIhaveyournameandemailaddress?我可以知道你的名字及電子郵件地址嗎?—________.當(dāng)然可以。③—MayIhaveacupoftea?我能喝一杯茶嗎？—________________.沒(méi)問(wèn)題。④—MayIaskyousomequestions,Mr.Wang?王先生，我可以問(wèn)你一些問(wèn)題嗎？—________________.可以的，請(qǐng)問(wèn)。??????????①—Mum,mayIgotothecinema?媽媽，我可以去電影院?jiǎn)幔俊狽o,you________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.不，你不能去。你必須先完成你的作業(yè)。②—MayItakeaphotohere?我可以在這里拍照嗎？—No,youmustn’t.Lookatthesign:“NoPhotos!”不，你不能。看那個(gè)牌子：“禁止拍照！”③—Excuseme,mayIeinnow?打擾一下，我現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？—________________.Look!Everyoneiswaitingfortheirturn.恐怕不行。看！每個(gè)人都在等待輪到他們。注意：might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉，同時(shí)又是may的過(guò)去式。Theythoughtthey________bethereatfive.A.may B.mightC.probablyD.maybe【答案】B【解析】句意：他們?cè)詾樗麄円苍S5點(diǎn)到那兒。A.may可能，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；B.might可能(may的過(guò)去式)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；C.probably也許，副詞；D.maybe也許，副詞；根據(jù)be原形，可知前面是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)thought主句過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句也用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。(滿分50分，答題時(shí)間30分鐘)一、單項(xiàng)選擇(每題1分，滿分45分)1.Youmustbe________nexttimebecauseyoumadelotsofmistakesintheexam.A.careful B.care C.careless D.carefully2.Fishsleepwiththeireyes________.A.open B.opens C.opened D.opening3.The_______differencesbetweenthetwocountriesarequitesignificant.A.culture B.cultural C.cultures D.culturals4.Mygrandfatherlooksatme_________.Helooks_________now.A.happy,happy B.happy,happily C.happily,happy D.happily,happily5.Yourroomisdirty,Jack.Youmust__________iteverydaytokeepit__________.A.clean,clean B.toclean,clean C.clean,cleaning D.toclean,cleaning6.That’sa________timeforbreakfast.A.funny B.fun C.well D.fully7.Ms.Chenisa_______ChineseteacherbecausesheteachesChinese_________.A.good,good B.good,well C.well,good D.well,well8.Waterisvery________tous.Wecan’tlivewithoutit.A.help B.helpful C.helpless D.helping9.—Look!It’sraining________.—That’sright.Therainistoo________.A.heavily,heavy B.heavily,heavily C.heavy,heavy D.heavy,heavily10.Hefelt_________,sohewentto_________andfell________soon.A.sleepy,asleep,sleep B.sleepy,sleep,asleepC.sleep,sleep,sleep D.asleep,sleep,sleepy11.Tomdoesmorningexerciseeverydaytokeephimself________.A.healthy B.health C.unhealthy D.healthily12.Havea_________restandyouwillbe_________enoughtogotoschoolsoon.A.good,good B.good,well C.well,well D.well,good13.Allhisfamilywereasleep.Theroomwasvery________,soPetertookoffhisshoes________.A.quiet,quiet B.quietly,quiet C.quiet,quietly D.quietly,quietly14.Thetrafficonthisroadisvery________,youshouldbecareful.A.dangerous B.safety C.safely D.danger15.Thefoodinthismarketisalwayssoldoutquicklybecauseittastes________.A.terrible B.wonderfully C.well D.delicious16.Thefoodonthemenuusuallylooks________inordertoattractcustomers.A.badly B.terribly C.well D.delicious17.Thetoymadeofsilkfeels________.Ilikeitalot.A.hard B.soft C.bad D.well18.Thispieceofmusicsounds________.Itsounds________Mozart’s.A.great,as B.greatly,as C.great,like D.greatly,like19.Thefood________theapplepie.Itsmellsso________.A.smells,good B.smellslike,good C.smells,well D.smellslike,well20.Althoughshewasnervousinherheart,sheappeared________.A.relaxing B.relax C.relaxed D.relaxation21.Hebecame________andhurriedlylefttheofficewithoutsayinganything.A.angry B.friendly C.gently D.sadly22.Hearrivedatlast,________.A.lookinghunger B.tiredlyandhungrilyC.tiredandhungry D.feelingtiredandhungrily23.Theyoungwomangoestothedancinglessoneveryday________.A.keephealth B.tokeephealth C.keephealthy D.tokeephealthy24.—Canyoucatchafish________byhand?—Ofcourse,apieceofcake.A.lively B.living C.alive D.live25.—Didyoumeet________whenyouwenttosummercamp?—Notreally.A.specialanyone B.anyonespecial C.specialsomeone D.someonespecial26.Itriedtogotosleepbutstillremained________.A.wake B.wakeup C.awake D.wokeup27.Thenewestsmartphoneisn’t________andIdon’thave________forit.A.cheapenough,enoughmoney B.enoughcheap,enoughmoneyC.cheapenough,moneyenough D.enoughcheap,moneyenough28.—Wouldyouliketojoinus?—Sorry,I’mnot________.A.goodaquiteplayer B.quiteagoodplayerC.aquitegoodplayer D.quitegoodaplayer29.Ilike________teachers.Theyteach________lessonsverywell.A.allmy,we B.myall,our C.allthemy,us D.allmy,us30.Iwanttobuymymothera________coatforherbirthday.A.leathergraybeautiful B.beautifulleathergrayC.beautifulgrayleather D.graybeautifulleather31.—________youpleasehelpmecarrythisheavybox?—Sure!A.Could B.Should C.Must D.Need32.Pleasedon’tmakesomuchnoise.I________hearthespeakerverywell.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t33.HehasstudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,buthe________speakitverywell.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.can D.must34.Thelovelyboy________ridethebikeattheageofsix.A.must B.could C.need D.should35.Thesetrousersaretoolongforme.________youshowmeanotherone?A.Must B.Need C.Could D.May36.—Goodmorning.________Ihaveyourname?—Goodmorning.MynameisKateMiller.A.May B.Must C.Should D.Need37.—_________youaskJanetocallmebackthisafternoon?—Noproblem.A.Do B.Must C.Could D.Should38.—_______IgotothemovieswithJack,Mom?—Sure,butyou_______bebackby9:00.A.Can,may B.Should,must C.Can,must D.Must,can39.Manyscientistsbelievethatrobots_________likeusinthenearfuture.A.willcantalk B.canbeabletotalk C.cantalk D.willbeabletotalk40.—CanIwalkacrosstheroadnow,Dad?—No,you________.Youhavetowaituntilthelightturnsgreen.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t41.—Could