四選一閱讀專題一匯報人：詞句猜測題題型401詞句猜測題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。此類題型旨在考查考生根據上下文推斷單詞、短語或句子的本意或外延含義的能力，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新義，還可以是對代詞所指代內容的判斷。詞義猜測題主要考查考生在短時間內根據上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個單詞或詞組含義的能力，這些詞和詞組往往超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。詞義猜測題的設問方式主要有：Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“...”inparagraph...mean/referto？What’sclosestinmeaningto“...”inparagraph...?Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“...”underlinedinparagraph...？Whichexpressioncanbestreplacetheunderlinedword/phrase“...”inparagraph...?考向1詞義猜測題(2024·新課標Ⅱ，D片段)Inthewronghands，suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedto

processasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut，thankfully，Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslating

theheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangle

ofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic，makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich，bytheclose，willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.典例剖析線索句信號詞線索句驗證句技法1根據邏輯關系猜詞義32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?設問方向：第二段中畫線短語“Inthewronghands”的意思A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.判斷邏輯關系：信號詞but，thankfully表示轉折關系，暗示畫線短語所在部分與后面的意思相反。分析解題線索并推斷詞義：后面的句子提到坎貝爾有20多年的專業經驗，能把復雜難懂的東西翻譯成可以理解的東西。結合轉折關系可以推斷，前面應該表示“如果是由能力較差的人來寫，這樣一本書可能會和驅動人工智能的計算機代碼一樣復雜”，故推測畫線短語表示“如果是由能力不足的人寫的”。驗證詞義：后文說她從一個商業人士的實際角度而不是從一個學者的角度來寫作，這使得這本指南非常容易理解而且信息豐富。這也證明了她有能力，寫得好，故C項正確。技法歸納A(因果關系)Thediscoveryismomentousbecausemicroplasticsaresosmallthatscientistshavestruggledtoremovethemfromoceans，rivers，andotherbodiesofwater.Typicalwastewatertreatmentplantssimplydonothavethetechnologytofullycatchthemsotheyoftenmaketheirwaytotheocean，wheretheyarelikelytobeeatenbyfish.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“momentous”probablymean?A.Accidental. B.Significant.C.Complex. D.Interesting.√即時演練詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后面的原因狀語從句“becausemicroplasticsaresosmallthatscientistshavestruggledtoremovethemfromoceans，rivers，andotherbodiesofwater”以及后文的補充可知，這一發現意義重大。故選B。B(對比關系)MonetwasraisedinLeHavre，Normandy.Hebecameinterestedintheoutdoorsanddrawingfromanearlyage.HismotherLouiseJustineAubréeMonetendorsedhisambitionstobeapainter，whilehisfatherClaudeAdolphedisapprovedandwantedhimtopursueacareerinbusiness.However，Monetchosetofollowhisheart.2.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“endorsed”？A.Fulfilled. B.Trusted.C.Supported. D.Confirmed.√詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后面的句子“whilehisfatherClaudeAdolphedisapprovedandwantedhimtopursueacareerinbusiness”可知前后為對比關系，媽媽支持他，然而爸爸反對。故選C。C(選擇關系)“Forexample，doctorscouldsomedayusethetechnologytohelpthemdecidewhethertocontinueorterminatethetreatmentofpeoplewithdisorders，”Lanovaz，aresearcherofthestudy，said.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terminate”mean?A.Postpone. B.Receive.C.Stop. D.Refuse.√詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞前面or可知前后為選擇關系，畫線詞與前面的單詞continue“繼續”意義相反，故可以猜測畫線詞“terminate”是“停止”的意思。故選C。D(遞進關系)Constantly，wetlandsare“transitionzones”betweendrylandandwater.Duringfloods，theyspongeupexcess(過量的)rainwaterandevenprotectpeoplefromthedamageofflooding.Onthecoast，wetlandshelpreducetheimpactofstormsurgepushedontolandbypowerfulstormslikehurricanes.Protectingenvironmentcanhelpwildlifegrowwellandprotectusfromthechangingclimate.4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlined“spongeup”？A.Block. B.Absorb.C.Steam. D.Produce.√詞義猜測題。結合畫線詞所在句的句意“在洪水期間，它們可以

過量的雨水，甚至保護人們免受洪水的危害”可知，“andeven”前后為遞進關系，應同樣表示濕地的好處，且后半部分的程度應比前半部分深，結合常識可推知應是吸收過量的雨水，故畫線詞組表示“吸收”。故選B。(2021·全國甲，C片段)Southbank，ataneasternbendintheThames，isthecenterofBritishskateboarding，wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite：

Safe.

Safemeant

cool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon’tworryaboutit.Once，whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿)，Ifellontothestones，damaginganerveinmyhand，andTobycameover，helpingmeup：“Safe，man.Safe.”Afewminuteslater，whenIlandedthetrick，myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud，shouting：“Safe!Safe!Safe！”Andthat’swhatmattered—landingtricks，beingagoodskater.原文關鍵詞＝題干線索詞信息句

信號詞典例剖析·····技法2根據語法關系猜詞義29.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe！Safe！Safe！”probablymean？分析句子，找尋語法關系信號詞，做出猜測：由信息句可知，信號詞為meant，說明后面的內容是對前面的解釋，所以根據后面的cool，hello和don’tworry可知，safe在這一群人之間可以表示贊揚、問候或安慰，結合畫線詞是朋友們在作者掌握一項技巧之后所說，故推斷“Safe！Safe！Safe！”應該是贊揚的意思。對比選項，確定答案：對比選項知B項“做得好！”為正確答案。設問方向：畫線詞“Safe！Safe！Safe！”的意思A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don’tworry!定位題干線索詞

技法歸納1.Pantomime

referstoashortplayinwhich

nowordsarespoken.____

2.Semantics，thestudyofthemeaningofwords，isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.______3.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals：NewsWeekly，Reader’sDigest._____啞劇語義學期刊即時演練4.IamaboywholikesreadingandIreadallkindsofbooks.WhenIdothis，Ihaveendedupwithtwospeeds—fastandslowdependingonhowworthwhileIfindthebook.Iliketoanalyzeandponderoverthewordsandcontentsofthebooks，whichcansharpenmymind.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ponderover”inthisparagraphmean?A.Thinkabout. B.Speakout.C.Cutdown. D.Takeover.√詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“thewordsandcontentsofthebooks，whichcansharpenmyminds”可推知，作者喜歡分析和思考書中的文字和內容，這可以使他的頭腦變得清晰。故ponderover意為“考慮，琢磨”。故選A。(2023·新課標Ⅰ，C片段)Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.典例剖析技法3根據構詞法猜詞義Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.[1]判斷畫線詞類型：派生詞：詞根clutterv.凌亂地塞滿；亂堆放

n.雜亂的東西；雜亂前綴de-為否定前綴，有去除之意[2]初步確定詞義：所猜詞意思＝詞根意思＋前綴意思，“去除雜亂的東西；使不再凌亂”，即“清理”Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheend

ofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.[3]驗證詞義：畫線詞后句中的Thisprocess指代thedigitaldeclutter。該句提到這個過程要求讀者在30天內遠離可選擇的網絡活動。由此可知，作者應是建議讀者進行網絡活動的清理，推知declutter意為“清理”，備選項中，clear-up與此同義，故A項為正確答案。Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso，I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?設問方向：第三段中畫線單詞“declutter”的意思A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.技法歸納1.(合成詞)Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(別扭的)handposition.___________2.(派生詞)Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.設計精良的解毒______即時演練3.(轉化詞)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans

.A.cleaningup B.takinginC.wipingout D.givingup√詞義猜測題。mop本義為名詞“拖把”，此處轉化成了動詞，與up構成短語，結合句意可知，雨林應是吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，所以畫線短語與B項“吸收”同義。故選B。技法4根據上下文語境猜詞義上下文語境是猜測畫線部分含義的重要依據之一。在解題時，考生需要“瞻前顧后”，全面考慮文章所要表達的含義。有時，文章會在上下文中給出線索，考生可依此猜測畫線部分的含義。(2024·新課標Ⅰ，C片段)Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore，learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.

Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethrough

whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.典例剖析線索1線索3線索228.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?設問方向：畫線短語“shinethrough”的意思A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.瞻前顧后尋找線索：線索1：當閱讀幾百或更多字的文本時，在紙上學習通常比在電子屏幕上學習更成功。線索2：閱讀印刷品的好處尤其……線索3：當實驗人員從提出簡單的任務(如識別閱讀文章中的主要思想)到需要思維抽象的任務(如從文本中推斷)時。分析解題線索并推斷詞義：由畫線詞前面的線索1可知，在紙上學習非常有優勢，線索2在程度上遞進說優勢尤其

，畫線詞后面的線索3提到當實驗人員把任務從易到難推進時的情境，可以推測畫線短語應該是表示閱讀印刷品的優勢在此情境的特點，結合短語中shine“閃耀；出色”可推知，畫線短語應該意為“更為明顯”。對比選項，確定答案：對比選項發現D項“容易被注意到”與猜測詞義相近，故為正確答案。技法歸納A(2023·全國甲，B片段)TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture，sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.1.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.√即時演練詞義猜測題。根據畫線短語后文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogether...”可知她很擅長自己組裝家具，可推知TerriBolton是一位DIY高手。C項最接近畫線短語的意思。故選C。B(2022·新課標Ⅰ，C片段)WendyWilson，extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet，oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject，said：“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose.C.Begin. D.Evaluate.√詞義猜測題。根據畫線處前的“oneofthefirst”以及后文“Wearelooking...bringtopeoplehere.”可知，WendyWilson是這個項目的發起人之一，所以畫線詞的含義與C項相近。故選C。代詞指代題常出現在人物或事物變換多、動作轉換頻繁的語境中，考生應根據語境判斷人稱代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞的指代對象。有時也會考查定語從句中關系代詞的指代內容。常見的設問形式有：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that/this/it/...”inparagraph...referto?考向2代詞指代題(2024·浙江1月，B片段)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago，right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing，Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.就近名詞解題關鍵句代詞位置：段末，應指代上文典例剖析24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?設問方向：第一段畫線代詞“it”的指代對象A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.尋找解題線索：代詞it指代單數，可知指代內容應為畫線詞前面的單數事物。分析關鍵句，識別指代內容：關鍵句提到為了給一些有才華的演員留下深刻印象，讓他們免費為“我”工作，“我”在沙發上鋪了一些墊子，點燃了蠟燭，為了讓它看起來更“年輕專業”一點。此處的“它”應該指代上文提到的“我的小舊合租房”。故答案選B。技法歸納A(2020·新課標Ⅰ，C片段)Inthemid-1990s，TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths，physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.即時演練Hisvisit，however，endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook，Chasing

the

Sea：Lost

Among

the

Ghosts

of

Empire

in

Central

Asia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland，andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam，histranslator，alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia，OlegandNatasha，hishostsinTashkent，andastringofforeignaidworkers.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.√代詞指代題。依據代詞永遠出現在原詞之后可知，畫線代詞指代第一段最后一句的內容，即that指的是“寫一篇有關咸海消失的文章”這件事。故選D。BCory’sshearwatersarelong-lived，rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscallthisthe“exploration-refinement”，anduntilnowithasbeenhypothetical(假設的)becauseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratoryanimals’movements.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”referto?A.Theopeningforlearningandpractice.B.TheuniquelivinghabitofCory’sshearwaters.C.ThewayCory’sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.D.TheprocessscientiststrackCory’sshearwaters’movements.√代詞指代題。根據代詞永遠出現在原詞之后可知，畫線詞this的指代內容在前文中，結合其所在部分“Researcherscallthisthe‘exploration-refinement’”可知，this的指代內容包括探索和改進的過程，可推知this指代的是它們通過學習和練習來形成遷徙模式的方式。故選C。高考閱讀理解有時會對某一個句子的本意或外延含義進行考查，因此要求考生準確理解前后句所表達的含義，巧解句意猜測題。設問方式有：Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression/sentence“...”inparagraph...mean?考向3句意猜測題(2019·浙江，B片段)Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth，aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread，“GiveWhatYouCan，TakeWhatYouNeed.”原文畫線句關聯信息句典例剖析24.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inpa