八年級下冊英語

RevisionmoduleAGrammar&speakingGrammar感官系動詞：英語動詞中，有的后面要接名詞或代詞等作賓語，有的單獨作謂語，而有的后面要接形容詞或名詞等做主語的補充成分。我們把后面接主語補充成分的動詞稱為系動詞。最常用的系動詞是be，另外還有很多感官動詞，如：look,taste,feel,smell,sound等。例如：1.Thestoryis

interesting.2.Thecookiessmelldelicious.3.Theappletastestoosweet.4.Thebedfeelssoft.5.Themusicsoundsquitegood.6.Thestudentlookshappy.聞起來嘗起來摸上去聽上去看起來looksmellsoundtastefeel視覺Eye嗅覺Nose聽覺Ear味覺Mouth觸覺Hand感官動詞Themusicsoundsnoisy.

Theflowersmellssweet.Thecaketastes

delicious.Thedresslookslovely.定義：強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。一、句式結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定句式:主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞+其他。2.否定句式:主語+have/has+not+動詞過去分詞+其他。havenot和hasnot分別縮寫為haven’t和hasn’t。3.一般疑問句式:Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他?肯定答語為Yes,主語+have/has.;否定答語為No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.現(xiàn)在完成時Nowworkingroups.Askandanswerthequestions.Completethequestionnaire.Haveyouevermetafilmstar?Haveyouevereatenahamburger?Haveyoueverheardabirdsing?Haveyoueverlearnttocook?Haveyoueverriddenahorse?HaveyoueverreadanEnglishbook?HaveyoueverwrittenanemailtoanEnglishfriend?行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時表達經(jīng)常性或者習(xí)慣性的動作，就要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Idomyhomeworkintheevening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。如果表示的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，也可以用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Iknowhimverywell.我和他很熟。第一人稱和第二人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時其謂語動詞沒有形式的變化，否定形式一般是在謂語動詞前加don’t。如：Idon’tgotoschoolonSunday.IgototheparkonSunday.我周日不去學(xué)校，去公園。一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的對比什么情況下用一般現(xiàn)在時呢？1.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài):

He’stwelve.She’satwork.2.表經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作:

Igetupat6:30everyday.HereadsEnglisheverymorning.

3.表主語具備的性格和能力等:

Shelikesnoodles.TheyspeakFrench.4.普遍真理、自然規(guī)律和客觀事實:

Twoplusfourissix.Themoongoes

aroundtheearth.Birdsfly.5.談?wù)摷灐?Where

doyoucomefrom?IcomefromChina.IcomefromGuangzhou.6.談?wù)摃r間表、旅程表等:Whattime

doesthefilmbegin?Thefootballmatchstartsat8o’clock.Tomorrowis

Thursday.7.詢問或者引用速記、通知或新近接到的箋內(nèi)容:Whatdoesthatnoticesay?WhatdoesAnnsayinherletter?Shesaysshe’scomingtoBeijingnextweek.Shakespearssays,“Sweetaretheusesofadversity.”（莎士比亞說:“苦盡甘來。”）什么情況下用現(xiàn)在進行時呢？1.表示說話時正在發(fā)生或者進行的動作。2.表示在現(xiàn)在相對較長一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作，但是說話那一刻不一定在做。⊙難點區(qū)別：也許大家認為用一般現(xiàn)在時也可以,但是要注意的是,這些動作在說話時候不一定正在進行或發(fā)生，但說話的這一剎那包括在一段較長的時間內(nèi)。）Heisbuildinghisownhouse.DavidisteachingEnglishandlearningChineseinBeijing.WearepreparingforSpringFestival.Iamwritingaletter.Weareenjoyingourtrip.一般現(xiàn)在時(be動詞是is,am,are),行為動詞是V原形+s/es.Areyouateacher?你是教師嗎？Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.是的，我是。/不，我不是。Heplaysfootballeveryday.【構(gòu)成不同】對比兩種時態(tài)，我們可以得出以下結(jié)論:現(xiàn)在進行時由“助動詞

be(am,is/are)+V-ing”Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.現(xiàn)在進行時與always連用時,往往含有贊揚厭惡責(zé)備等感情色彩。Heisalwaysthinkingofhimselfmorethanothers.他總是考慮自己多于別人。Sheisalwayschangingherclothes.她總是變化著她的衣著。⊙表示的是某種狀態(tài)的動詞,用一般現(xiàn)在時。一般不說Iamknowing,而說Iknow。常見的這類動詞有:want,like,hate,know,see,hear,believe,understand,seem,think,suppose,remember,need,love,realize,mean,forget,prefer,have,belong⊙在there和here引起的句子中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進行時。

Herecomesthebus.

Theregoesthebell.常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語有:always,often,usually,sometimes,usually,never,everyday/week/month/year,onSunday(s)/Monday(s)/inthemorning/afternoon/evening,now,todayeveryday,everyweek,onSundays,threetimesaweek…【時間狀語不同】常與現(xiàn)在進行時連用的時間狀語有:

now,atthemoment。另外,以Look,Listen等開頭的祈使句常常是現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的句子。Listen!Whoissingingoverthere?

Iwritetomyuncleeverymonth.一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為；動詞be的過去時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定：主語+was/were

+其他；否定：主語+was/were

+not+其他;一般疑問：were/was+主語+其他。be動詞的過去式原形

amisare否定縮略式amnotisn’taren’t過去式waswaswere否定縮略式wasn’twasn’tweren’t學(xué)習(xí)動詞be的一般過去時，下面有一口訣，它可以幫大家更好地掌握動詞be的一般過去時。動詞be的過去時有四巧：一是時間狀語巧，表示過去的短語要記牢；二是形式巧，單數(shù)was，復(fù)數(shù)were；否定句結(jié)構(gòu)是三巧，not緊跟was／were；四是疑問句式巧，was／were向前跑(提前)。【一巧】

時間狀語巧。一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，恰巧與表示過去的一些時間狀語連用。例如：yesterday,lastnight／week／month／year,lastSaturday,thedaybeforeyesterday,in1998,five

years

ago等。【二巧】形式巧。它與一般現(xiàn)在時一樣，形式多樣：當(dāng)主語是第一人稱單數(shù)或第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用was；主語是第二人稱或其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用were。例如：Iwasintheclassroomyesterdaymorning．昨天早上我在教室里。

TheywereatschoollastTuesday．上周二他們在學(xué)校。【三巧】否定句結(jié)構(gòu)巧。與動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時一樣，它在動詞后面加not即可變成否定句，并且was,were與not可以縮寫成wasn’t,weren’t。即：主語＋wasn’t／weren’t＋表語＋其他。例如：

Iwasnot(＝wasn’t)hereyesterday．昨天我不在這兒。【四巧】疑問句式巧。把was,were提到句首，句末用問號即可變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹＜矗篧as(Were)+主語+表語＋其他？這恰巧與動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時的疑問句式相似。例如：

Wereyouathomethedaybeforeyesterday?前天你在家嗎？

Wasshelatethismorning？今天早上她遲到了嗎？更巧的是疑問句的答語也相似，肯定回答用“Yes,主語+was／were．”；否定回答用“No,主語+wasn’t／weren’t．”。Shehasneverlived(neverlive)inAustralia.1.He_________________(neverwrite)abook.2.In2003,he________________(leave)primaryschool.3.We___________(notmeet)before.MynameisMeiLing.4.________________(you/see)thefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin?It’sverytouching.5.When______________(you/go)toschoolthismorning?6.Whileyouwereplayingtennis,Tony____________(call).7.They___________(arrive)whilewewerehavingdinner.8.ShewasstilldoingherhomeworkwhenI____________(go)tobed.3Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.hasneverwrittenlefthaven’tmetHaveyouseendidyougocalledarrivedwentYesterday,IwenttothecinematomeetmyfriendsJohn,TimandLinda.JohnwastherewhenIarrived.“I've(1)_____________gotamessagefromLinda,"hesaid.“She'snearlyhere.”Afewminuteslater,Lindaarrived.“Hello,”shesaid.“HasanyoneseenTim(2)___________?"“No,”saidJohn.“It’s(3)______________seveno'clock.We'llmissthestartofthefilm!"ThenTimhurriedin.“Hi!SorryI'mlate.Havewegotthetickets(4)________?"“Yes,”saidJohn."I'vegotthem(5)______________.Let'sgo!”4.Completethereportwithalready,justandyet.單詞含義用于現(xiàn)完的句式句中位置just“剛剛”肯定句句中，位于have/has之后，動詞的過去分詞之前already“已經(jīng)”肯定句句中/句末，位于have/has之后，動詞的過去分詞之前yetyet在否定句中表示“還未”在疑問句中表示“已經(jīng)”否定句，疑問句句末already/justyetyetalready/justalready/justDoctor:What'sthematter?You(1)_____ill.Howlonghaveyou(2)_________likethis?Jack:Eversincethismorning.I(3)_______astomachache.Doctor:Whatdidyou(4)______yesterday?Jack:Nothingstrange.I(5)________tomyfriend'sbirthdayparty.Ijust(6)_________somecolaand(7)___alittlecheese.Doctor:Doyouoften(8)________cola?Jack:Yes,Ido.ButIdon'toften(9)__________cheese.Doctor:That'sit.Youcan'thavecheese.Never(10)________cheeseagain.Completetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youneedtousesomeofthewordsmorethanonce.5bedrinkeatgetgolooklookbeenhavegoteatwentatedrankdrinkeateatVocabulary6.Completethewordmapwiththewordsintheboxes.Theremaybemorethanone

possibility(可能性).五官名詞感官動詞形容詞lookstrongfresh/sweetlovely/uglycute/terribletasteterrible/sourdeliciousfresh/sweetnoisy/terriblelovelysmellsour/freshstrong/terriblehandstrongwarmcoldearBettyandLinglingareworkingveryhard.Theylookbusy.1.Theshoes_______toosmallformyfeet.2.Damingdoesnotlikethepizzaonthetable.Itdoesnot_____________________fresh.3.Themusic_______wonderful!4.Youneedtowearacoat.It_____________coldoutside.5.Shrekisfriendlybuthe_________ugly.6.Linglingismakingchocolatecookies.They______delicious.CompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthesecondboxinActivity6.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.7smell/taste/looksoundslooks/feelslookslook/feelsmell/taste/lookEnjoyvideoWilliamHannaandJosephBarbera(1)_________thecartoonseriesTomandJerryinthe1940s.ThestoriesareaboutacatcalledTomandamousecalledJerry,They(2)_______allthetimeandseemtohateeachother.TomtriestoleadJerrytodangerousplacesorcatchhim.ButJerryistoocleverandhealwaysmanagestorunaway.I(3)________thisfunnyshowwhenIwasfouryearsold,andIstill(4)________whenIwatchTomandJerrytoday.Whydon'tyoutryit?I(5)_________youwillenjoyittoo!8.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.creatediscoverexpectfightlaughcreatedfightdiscoveredlaughexpectJames:Hi,Helen.Howareyoufeeling?Youwereoffschoolyesterday,weren'tyou?Helen:Yes,Iwas.I(1)_______andhadaheadache.IfeltquiteillwhenI(2)_______schoolandtheteachersentmehome.ButI'mfinenow.James:Ohgood.Soareyoustillgoingto(3)____________thecartooncompetition?Helen:Yes,I'dliketo.But(4)_________Idon'tthinkIcandoit.James:Hey,do