ReadingandTinking--AppreciatedifferentformsofEnglishPoemsUnit5Poems詞匯精講1.comparedwith/to...與……相比（多在句中作狀語）【原文回顧】p.50Comparedwithotherformsofliterature...whatarethecharacteristicsofpoetry?

與其他的文學形式相比……，詩歌有什么特點呢？Comparedwith/tothesecondcorporation，thefirstismorepromising.【拓展】compareAwith/toB把A和B作比較comparewith/to與……相似；比得上compareAtoB把A比喻成Bcomparenotes交換看法或意見【佳句】Weusuallycomparebookstofriends.Weoftencompareateachertoagardener.【練透】______________oursmallflat,Bill’shouseseemedlikeapalace.Thereisa20%reductioninburglary__________________lastyearComparedtocomparedwithdraman.戲；劇；戲劇藝術adramacritic戲劇評論家comedy喜劇tragedy悲劇opera歌劇dramaticadj.急劇的；激動人心的，引人注目的，戲劇（性）的，夸張的 adramaticchange巨大的變化 adramaticvictory激動人心的勝利dramaticallyadv.戲劇性地，顯著地

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribeacertainimageinthereader’smind.Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyand

sorrow.why引導定語從句，作狀語，修飾reasons寫詩......的原因有很多一些...，另一些...描述某種意象v.傳遞,傳達；傳送describev，描述descriptionn.描述；說明descriptiveadj.描述性的；描寫的人們作詩有著各種各樣的理由。有些詩是為了敘事，或是描述讀者腦海中的某個形象，有些詩歌試圖傳達某些諸如喜悅、悲傷之類的情感。組成，作曲;撰寫1.句子仿寫：Therearevariousreasonswhy....（Para.1Line1）仿寫：學生無法集中注意力學習的原因有很多.2.Some....others....(Para.2Line2/Line3)一些...另外一些...仿寫：一些學生在認真地做閱讀理解練習，另外一些被悲傷打倒，不愿意面對老師。Therearevariousreasonswhystudentscannotconcentrateontheirstudy.Somestudentsaredoingreadingcomprehensionexercise，othersareoverwhelmedbysorrow，unwillingtofacetheteacher.

Para1variousadj.各種各樣的；variety

n.多樣化，變化；種類，品種；（人或物的）各式各樣agreatvarietyof

各種各樣的；大量的varietiesof

各種各樣的sorrow

-悲傷，悲痛grief

-悲痛，憂傷sadness

-悲傷，悲哀despair

-絕望heartbreak

-心碎，極度悲傷sad

-悲傷的sorrowful

-悲傷的，悲哀的grieving

-悲痛的heartbroken

-心碎的mournful/miserable悲哀的grief-strickenadj.極度悲痛的

Informedofthebadnews,shewasseizedbyaburstofsadness

andsankinto

thechair.被告知這個壞消息，她悲慟欲絕，倒在椅上，哭得死去活來。

IfeltlikeIwerefloatinginanoceanofsadness,andwordscouldnotexpressmysorrow.我感覺正漂浮在悲傷的海洋里。言語無法表達我的哀傷。Heshookhisheadmiserably/sadly,tearspouring/running/streaming/rollingdownhischeeks/face他難過地搖搖頭,潸然淚下。Asafamily,wewereabletoshareourcommonjoysandsorrows.作為一家人，我們做到了同甘共苦。Shewasindeepsorrowwithhereyesfilledwithtears.她傷心極了,眼里滿是淚水。ThoughSuShicametogriefinpoliticsseveraltimes,hestillkeptoptimistic.蘇軾雖然在政治上多次遭遇失敗，但他仍然保持樂觀。Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords,descriptiveandvividlanguage,integratedimagery,

literary

devicessuchassimilesandmetaphors,andarrangementofwords,lines,

rhymes,andrhythm.

adj.獨特的，與眾不同的adj.簡練的；經濟實惠的；節約的整體的意象adj.各部分密切協調的，綜合的n.明喻n.隱喻，暗喻文學手法n.字行，詩行n.押韻n.節奏，韻律詩歌的顯著特點通常包括：用詞簡潔；語言描述生動、形象；具備整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文學手法；詞、行、押韻、節奏等的編排。imagen. 形象，印象；影像，映像，圖像imaginev. 想像，設想；料想，認為imaginaryadj. 虛構的，假想的；想像的imaginativeadj. 富于想像的；有創造力的imaginableadj. 可能的；可想像的imaginationn.

想象力；空想；幻想物imageryliterary

adj.文學的；愛好文學的；有文學作品特征的literaturen.文學literateadj.有文化的literallyadv.字面上;真正地1.(建議信)知道你對中國文學十分感興趣，我很興奮，因為我自己也是一個文學愛好者。2.閱讀文學書籍有助于提高我的寫作技巧，拓寬我的視野。KnowingthatyouaremorethaninterestedinChineseliterature,IamexcitedbecauseIamfairlyaliteraturelovermyself.Readingliterarybookshelptoimprovemywritingskillsandbroadenmyhorizons.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Nowwewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.

todo作目的狀語

詩人用許多不同形式的詩歌來表達他們自己。現在我們來看一些比較簡單的（詩歌）形式。4.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.詩人采用許多不同形式的詩歌來表達自己的想法。expressoneself表達自己的想法Theartworldgavemeachancetoexpressmyselfwithoutwords.藝術世界給了我一個不用語言就可以表達自己想法的機會。1)expressconcernsabout對……表示憂慮

expressone’sregretfor對……表示遺憾

expressone’sthanks/gratitudetosb.向某人表達謝意

expressmycongratulationstoyou對你表達我的祝賀2)facialexpression面部表情

beyondexpression無法表達；形容不出SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes,likePoemA,istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymesbecausetheyrhyme,haveastrongrhythm,andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.簡明扼要，恰到好處，切題引導原因狀語從句有很強的節奏看起來自相矛盾有道理，有意義他們容易學習和背誦童謠，兒歌民歌一個孩童最初學會的一些英文詩歌就是童謠。它們通常是傳統的詩歌或民謠。這些童謠的語言恰到好處，卻含有故事情節，如詩歌A。很多孩子喜歡童謠，因為它們押韻，節奏強，而且經常重復相同的字眼。這些童謠可能沒有道理，甚至看起來自相矛盾，但很容易學習和背誦。通過童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學會了語言。詞匯精講5.tothepoint切題的；中肯的【原文回顧】p.50Thelanguageoftheserhymes，likePoemA，istothepointbuthasastoryline.這些童謠（如詩歌A）的語言簡單明了，但是帶有故事情節。Iwishtheconsultantwouldgettothepoint.但愿這位顧問快點說正題。【拓展】offthepoint跑題=come/getstraighttothepoint直奔主題/開門見山getoffthetrack跑題

Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.這些童謠也許沒有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易學習和背誦。

makesense:1)ifsomethingmakessense,thereseemstobeagoodreason

orexplanationforit解釋得通，有道理2)tobeasensiblethingtodo是明智的，是合乎情理eg.Shedoesn’ttalkmuch,butwhatshesaysmakessense.Itmakessensetosavemoneywhileyoucan.makesenseof...理解，弄懂inasense在某種意義上innosense決不(位于句首時句子用倒裝語序)[小片段助記]

，eachcitizenshouldtryhisbesttoprotecttheirmothercountry.

shouldwebetrayourcountry.Soweshould

whatispatriotism(愛國主義)tous.InasenseInnosensemakesenseofThepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.“主語＋be＋adj.＋todo”句型(1)句型多用于表示主語的性質、特征，形容詞也是如此。常見的此類形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,dangerous,heavy等。(2)todo不定式和句子主語存在邏輯上的動賓關系，但不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義。若構成不定式的動詞為不及物動詞，其后要加上相應的介詞。①Thepictureispleasanttolookat．②Themountainischallengingtoclimb.單句語法填空1.Thisdigitalgameiseasy

(operate).2.Theboyisdangerous

(play)with.3.Thequestionisdifficult

(answer).完成句子1.竹椅子坐上去很舒服。2.這首英文詩很容易背誦。tooperatetoplaytoanswerThebamboochairiscomfortabletositon.TheEnglishpoemiseasytorecite.4.高級句型仿寫：Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.通過童謠中的文字游戲，兒童學習了語言。句型結構：By＋doingsth,句子。仿寫：通過上課睡覺，我成功地引起了Jessica的注意。仿寫：通過在宿舍吃三碗大泡面，他們完美地獲得了練字的機會。Bysleepingintheclass,IsuccessfullyarouseJessica’attention.Byhavingthreebowlsofthreeinstantnoodle,Theperfectlyhadthechancetopractisetheirhandwriting.A[?:][iη][a:][?u][u]storyline(故事線）Hush,littlebaby,don’tsayaword,Papa’sgonna

buyyouamockingbird.

Ifthatmockingbirdwon’tsing,Papa’sgonna

buyyouadiamondring.Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,Papa’sgonna

buyyoualookingglass.Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,Papa’sgonna

buyyouabillygoat.Ifthatbillygoatwon’tpull,Papa’sgonna

buyyouacartandbull.repetition（重復）NureryrhymeNurseryrhymesrhyme（押韻）噓噓，小寶貝，別說話，爸爸給你買只知更鳥，知更鳥，不唱歌，爸爸給你買枚鉆石戒，鉆石戒，變黃銅，爸爸給你買面小鏡子，小鏡子，打碎了，爸爸給你買只小山羊，小山羊，不肯拉，爸爸給你買架牛拉車。Hush,littlebaby,don’tsayaword,Papa’sgonna

buyyouamockingbird.

Ifthatmockingbirdwon’tsing,Papa’sgonna

buyyouadiamondring.Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,Papa’sgonna

buyyoualookingglass.Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,Papa’sgonna

buyyouabillygoat.Ifthatbillygoatwon’tpull,Papa’sgonna

buyyouacartandbull.Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe"listpoem",which

contains

alistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptions

thatdevelopaparticulartheme.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphrases

whichgivebothapattern

andarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme(likeBandC),whileothersdonot.“清單詩”是最簡單的詩歌形式之一，它包含了一系列有關事物、人物、想法或描述內容的清單，形成了特定的主題。清單詩的詩行長度靈活，重復出現的短語賦予詩歌某種模式和節奏。有些清單詩押韻(如詩歌B和詩歌C)，而另一些則不押韻。清單詩+非定從包含一系列描述+定從特定的主題靈活的長度短語+定從模式節奏押韻然而，表對比/轉折Somerhyme(likeBandC)，whileothersdonot.有些押韻(像B和C)，而另一些不押韻。句式分析：這是一個

，此句中的while作并列連詞，表示前后兩者的

，意為“而；然而”。eg.Helikespopmusic，whileIamfondoffolkmusic.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。并列句對比“while”conj.用法小結：(1)"當...的時候"Imetafriendofminewhile(Iwas)walkingonthestreet.(2)"盡管，雖然"Whilehispaintingsstillhadareligiousthemes，theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.(3)"而，卻"Atschoolsomestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy.(Somestudentsareactiveatschool.

Bycontrast,someareshy.)ListpoemsListpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphrases.

OnlyOneMotherHundredsofstarsintheprettysky,Hundredsofshells

ontheshoretogether,Hundredsofbirdsthatgosingingby,

Hundredsoflambsinthesunnyweather,Hundredsofdewdropstogreetthedawn,Hundredsofbeesinthepurpleclover,Hundredsofbutterfliesonthelawn,Butonlyonemothertheworldover.GeorgeCooper

母親天空夜星如織，海濱貝殼滿地，鳥兒鳴唱飛過，蜜蜂沐浴陽光，黎明四野朝露，苜蓿蜜蜂成群，草叢蝴蝶爭艷，但世界浩瀚，我唯有一母。B黎明;拂曉fromdawntill/todusk從早到晚atcrackofthedawn在黎明破曉時分破曉;被理解Itdawnedonsbthat...某人開始明白...黎明 → 日出 → 正午

→黃昏→

日落 →天黑→ 半夜dawnsunrisesunsetnoonmidnightdarkatdusk

butterflyn.蝴蝶助記：dragonflyn.蜻蜓俚語：butterfliesinone’sstomach心里感到緊張；心里七上八下Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Itookadeepbreathtocalmmyselfdownandthensteppedontothestage.我心里七上七下，深吸一口氣讓自己平靜下來，然后走上舞臺。ListpoemsListpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphrases.Somerhyme,whilesomenot.

Life

Lifecanbegood,Lifecanbebad,Lifeismostlycheerful,Butsometimessad,Lifecanbedreams,Lifecanbegreatthoughts,Lifecanmeanaperson,Sittingincourt.

生活生活可能美滿，生活可能糟糕，生活常常充滿歡樂，但有時令人沮喪。生活可能是夢幻一場，生活可能是偉大的理想。生活可能是一個人，獨坐在法庭上。CAnothersimpleformofpoemthat

amateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,which

ismadeupoffivelines.Withthese,youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.Lookattheexample(D).

（對于）業余愛好者（而言）容易創作的另一種簡單詩歌形式是五行詩。它由五個詩行構成。通過這些詩行，你可以用短短幾句話就表達出一幅動人的畫面或某種心情。請看范例(詩歌D)。業余愛好者+定從五行詩+非定從由...組成傳達某種情緒(noun.)(adj.)(v-ing.)CinquainD

oneword(showthetopoc)

twoadjs(describethecharactertraits)

threeverbs(describeactions)

fourwords(conveyopinionsorfeelings)

oneword(restatethetopic)結尾點題

1.Whatdotheauthormainlytalkabout?his/herbrother2.Doyouthinkthewriterlikehis/herbrother?Pleasegiveareasonforyouranswer.Yes.Theauthorshowshislovetohis/herbrotherinhiswords兄弟愛美，又愛運動愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑是我的朋友也是我的敵人BrotherBeautiful,athletic

Teasing,shouting,laughingFriendandenemytooMineHaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythat

consistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllablesrespectively.ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand,likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.Thehaikupoem(E)ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese,which

showsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.俳句+定從由...組成音節格式包含分別受...歡迎翻譯+非定從脆弱的蝴蝶respectn.尊敬，方面respectedadj.受人尊敬的respectfuladj.表示敬意的，恭敬的respectableadj.值得尊敬的，體面的respectiveadj.分別的，各自的respectivelyadv.分別，各自，依次為詞匯精講【練透】單句語法填空①Thelength，width，andheightoftheboxare8cm，6cm，and4cm__________（respective）.②Hecomesfroma____________family.③Theonlookersstoodata____________distance.④Wewerebroughtuptobe_____________oftheseniors.respectively

respectablerespectfulrespectful

AfallenblossomIscomingbacktothebranch.Look,abutterfly!HaikuE落下的花朵卻又回到了枝頭。瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！blossomn.花朵;花簇v.開花;成長,繁盛-bloomvi.開花;變得健康n.花【環境描寫】

①

Thetreesareinblossom/inbloom.樹上鮮花盛開。

②Thepeachblossoms

areout.桃花盛開。翻譯：花兒盛開,在風中搖曳著。（景物描寫)我堅定地點點頭，知道善意和友誼之花開始在我們的心中綻放。今天的經歷將會像是一朵永不凋謝的花朵,永遠綻放在我記憶的長河里.Theflowerswereinfullblossom,dangcinginthewind.Inoddedfirmly,knowing

aflowerofkindnessandfriendshipbegantoblossominbothofourhearts.(續寫主旨句)Today’sexperiencewaslikeaneverlastingflower,blooming

intheriverofmymemories.(經歷感悟句)EnglishspeakersalsoenjoypoemsfromChina,thosefromtheTangDynastyinparticular.AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish,suchasthisone(F).以英語為母語的人也喜歡中國的詩歌，尤其是唐詩。很多唐詩已經被翻譯成英文，比如這首(詩歌F)。尤其，特別betranslatedinto被翻譯為......WheresheawaitsherhusbandOnandontheriverflows.Neverlookingback,Transformedintostone.Daybydayuponthemountaintop,windandrainrevolve.