信號機設(shè)置的規(guī)則天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐵路信號基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護信號機設(shè)置的規(guī)則PrinciplesofsignalsettingSectionone,Principlesofsignalsetting.Inthispart,weexplainthepositionofthesignalmachine,theselectionofthesignalmachinecolumn,thesignalmachinebuildingboundaryandthesignalmachinesettingoftheACelectrictractionsection.一般設(shè)于行車方向線路左側(cè)（1）中國鐵路實行左側(cè)行車制，機車上司機的座位統(tǒng)一設(shè)在左側(cè)，為便于瞭望，規(guī)定所有信號機應(yīng)設(shè)在行車方向線路的左側(cè)。如果兩線路之間距離不足以裝設(shè)信號機時，可采用信號托架或信號橋。裝載信號托架和信號橋上的信號機，可設(shè)于線路左側(cè)，也可設(shè)于所屬線路中心線的上方。（2）在特殊情況下，如果線路左側(cè)沒有裝設(shè)信號機的條件，或因曲線、隧道、橋梁等影響，裝載右側(cè)比裝在左側(cè)顯示距離較遠，在保證不致使司機誤認的條件下，經(jīng)鐵路局集團公司批準，也可設(shè)在右側(cè)。Generallylocatedontheleftsideoftherouteinthedirectionoftraffic(1)TheChineserailwayimplementsaleft-handdrivingsystem,andthedriver’sseatonthetrainisuniformlysetontheleftside.Tofacilitateobservation,itisstipulatedthatallsignalsshouldbesetontheleftsideofthelineinthedirectionoftravel.Ifthedistancebetweenthetwolinesisnotenoughtoinstallasignal,asignalbracketorsignalbridgecanbeused.Thesignalmachineinstalledonthesignalbracketandsignalbridgecanbeinstalledontheleftsideofthelineorabovethecenterlineoftheline.(2)Inspecialcircumstances,suchasthereisnoconditiontoinstallasignalontheleftsideoftheline,orduetotheinfluenceofcurves,tunnels,bridges,etc.,thedisplayontherightsideisfartherthantheleftsideoftheload,undertheconditionthatthedriverwillnotbemisidentified,WiththeapprovaloftheRailwayAdministrationGroupCompany,itcanalsobelocatedontherightside.（3）信號機設(shè)置的地點，由電務(wù)部門會同運輸、機務(wù)及工務(wù)等有關(guān)部門共同研究確定。（4）在確定信號機地點時，除了滿足信號顯示距離的要求外，還應(yīng)考慮到該信號機不致被誤認為鄰線的信號機。(3)Thelocationofthesignalneedstobejointlystudiedanddeterminedbytheelectricaldepartmentandtherelevantdepartmentsoftransportation,maintenance,andpublicworks.(4)Whendeterminingthelocationofthesignal,inadditiontomeetingtherequirementsofthesignaldisplaydistance,itshouldalsobeconsideredthatthesignalwillnotbemistakenforaneighboringsignal.Asshownintheabovepicture,picture(a)iseasytobemistakenforthesignaloftheadjacentline,andpicture(b)willnotbemistakenforthesignaloftheneighboringline.信號機柱的選擇SelectionofsignalcolumnThehigh-columnsignalhastheadvantagesoflongdisplaydistanceandclearobservationposition.Therefore,thehigh-columnsignalshouldbeusedasfaraspossibleforthecolorlightsignal.Inparticular,thehigh-columnsignalshouldbeusedforsignalswithlongerdisplaydistancesspecifiedinthe"RailwayTechnicalManagementRegulations".選擇高列信號的具體要求如下:（1）為了提高通過能力，進而提高運輸效率，進站、接車進路、正線出站、通過、預(yù)告信號機，應(yīng)盡量采用高柱信號機，進站、預(yù)告、通過信號機采用矮型信號機時必須經(jīng)有關(guān)部門批準才能采用。（2）帶容許信號的通過信號機、四顯示自動閉塞區(qū)段的兩方向出站信號機（及帶調(diào)車信號）兩方向出站兼發(fā)車進路信號機、帶調(diào)車信號的接車進路信號機、帶調(diào)車信號的兩方向出站信號機兼接車進路信號機、進站復(fù)示信號機、遮斷信號機及其預(yù)告信號機必須采用高柱信號機。（3）設(shè)在牽出線上的、岔線入口處的調(diào)車信號機，也應(yīng)采用高柱信號機。Thespecificrequirementsfortheselectionofhighcolumnsignalsareasfollows:(1)Inordertoimprovethepassingcapacityandthusthetransportationefficiency,thehigh-columnsignalshouldbeusedasfaraspossibleforthesignalforhoming,receivingroute,startingthemainline,passing,andapproachingsignal.Whenusinglow-profilesignalsforhoming,approaching,andpassingsignals,theymustbeapprovedbytherelevantauthoritiesbeforetheycanbeused.(2)Passingsignalwithallowablesignal,two-directionstartingsignalwithfour-displayautomaticblocksection,two-directionstartinganddeparturesignalentrysignal,receivingroutesignalwithshuntingsignal,andshuntingsignalboththestartingsignalandthetrain'sreceivingroutesignal,thehomingrepeatsignal,theinterruptionsignalanditswarningsignalmustbehigh-column.(3)Theshuntingsignalonthepull-outlineandattheentranceofthebranchlineshouldalsoadoptthehigh-columnsignal.高柱信號機的設(shè)置，受到建筑限界的影響，另外考慮到不影響到發(fā)線的有效長等因素，允許無通過進路的到發(fā)線的出站、發(fā)車進路信號機、道岔區(qū)內(nèi)的調(diào)車信號機，可設(shè)矮型信號機出站、調(diào)車復(fù)示信號機可設(shè)矮型信號機。至于各種高柱信號機機柱類型（長度）、埋深及機構(gòu)安裝尺寸，各種矮型信號機的混凝土基礎(chǔ)、埋深及機構(gòu)安裝尺寸，見有關(guān)規(guī)定。Thesettingofthehigh-columnsignalisaffectedbythebuildingboundary.Inaddition,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasnotaffectingtheeffectivelengthofthedepartureline,itallowstheexitofthearrivalanddeparturelinewithoutpassingthroughtheroad,thedepartureentrancesignal,andtheswitchareashuntingsignalmachinecanbesetwithashortsignalmachine.shortsignalmachinecanbesetupforstartingandshuntingrepeatsignals.Asforthecolumntype(length),burieddepth,andinstallationdimensionsofvarioushigh-columnsignals,andtheconcretefoundation,burieddepthandinstallationdimensionsofvariouslow-profilesignals,seerelevantregulations.信號機建筑限界任何信號機不得侵入鐵路建筑限界?！惰F路技術(shù)管理規(guī)程（普速鐵路部分）》規(guī)定：對于正線信號機和通行超限貨物列車的站線信號機，限界所屬軌道中心至信號機突出邊緣的距離為2440mm，站線信號機為2150mm。在曲線線路上，應(yīng)按有關(guān)規(guī)定進行加寬。ThesignalmachinebuildingboundaryAnysignalshallnotinvadetherailwayconstructionboundary.The"RailwayTechnicalManagementRegulations"stipulatesthatformainlinesignalsandstationlinesignalsforover-limitcargotrains,thedistancefromthecenterofthetracktowhichthelimitbelongstotheprotrudingedgeofthesignalis2440mm,andthestationlinesignalis2150mm.Onthecurvedline,itshouldbewidenedinaccordancewithrelevantregulations.Anysignalshallnotinvadetherailwayconstructionboundary.Theabovepictureisanexample,theboundaryofthesignalismarked,whichisasafedistance.各種高柱信號機，其機柱、梯子、機構(gòu)的安裝，均不得侵入建筑限界。（1）在非電力牽引區(qū)段，直線線路高柱信號機的建筑限界為，機柱中心至所屬線路中心的距離，限界2440mm時對應(yīng)為2630mm，限界2150mm時對應(yīng)為2340mm。（2）矮型信號機機構(gòu)中心距所屬線路中心，三顯示、四顯示（含帶進路表示器）、五顯示出站或進路信號機，調(diào)車信號機為2029mm，帶進路表示器的三顯示出站或進路信號機為2163mm，復(fù)示信號機為2095mm。（3）在電力牽引區(qū)段直線線路高柱信號機，機柱中心至所屬線路中心距離為2900mm（線間距為5300mm時），高柱出站信號機與鄰近線路中心的距離，限界2440mm時為2630mm，限界2150mm時為2400mm。Theinstallationofallkindsofhigh-pillarsignals,theirpillars,ladders,andmechanismsmustnotinvadethebuildingboundaries.(1)Inthenon-electrictractionsection,thearchitecturallimitofthehigh-columnsignalonastraightlineisthedistancefromthecenterofthecolumntothecenteroftheline.Thelimitof2440mmcorrespondsto2630mm,andthelimitof2150mmcorrespondsto2340mm.(2)Thecenteroftheshort-shapedsignalmechanismisawayfromthecenterofthelinetowhichitbelongs.Thethree-display,four-display,andfive-displayexitorentrysignal,theshuntingsignalis2029mm,andthethree-displayexitorentrysignalwiththeentryindicatoris2163mm,therepeatersignalis2095mm.(3)Intheelectrictractionsectionofthestraightlinehigh-pillarsignal,thedistancefromthecenterofthepillartothecenterofthelineis2900mm.Thedistancebetweenthehigh-pillaroutboundsignalandthecenteroftheadjacentlineis2630mmwhentheboundaryis2440mm,and2400mmwhentheboundaryis2150mm.交流電力牽引區(qū)段的信號機設(shè)置（1）進站、預(yù)告、通過信號機與接觸網(wǎng)支柱同側(cè)設(shè)置時，信號顯示距離不應(yīng)受接觸網(wǎng)設(shè)備影響如影響顯示時，信號機安裝方式可作適當調(diào)整。（2）在站內(nèi)相鄰兩到發(fā)線（只有一條線路通行超限貨物車）的線間，設(shè)置高柱出站信號機時，兩線間距離不得小于5300mm。在相鄰兩條線路（均通行超限貨物列車）的線間，設(shè)置高柱信號機時，兩線間距離不得小于5530mm。SignalmachinesettingoftheACelectrictractionsection(1)Thesignaldisplaydistanceshouldnotbeaffectedbythecatenaryequipmentwhenhomingsignal,approachingsignal,andpassingsignalonthesamesideasthecatenarypillar.Ifitaffectsthedisplay,theinstallationmethodofthesignalcanbeadjustedappropriately.(2)Whensettingthehighcolumnstartingsignalbetweentwoadjacentlinestothereceiving-departuretrack,thedistancebetweenthetwolinesshallnotbelessthan5300mm.Betweenthelinesoftwoadjacentlines,whensettingupahighcolumnsignal,thedistancebetweenthetwolinesshallnotbelessthan5530mm.（3）高柱信號機安裝限界達不到要求時，在滿足建筑限界的條件下，需采取措施。設(shè)在直線部分的高柱色燈信號機，可與接觸網(wǎng)施工單位進行密切配合調(diào)整來解決安全距離問題設(shè)在曲線部分的高柱色燈信號機，可加裝防護網(wǎng)或機構(gòu)背板縮小100mm來解決安全距離問題。（4）信號機的金屬體外緣部分（主要是背板）與接觸網(wǎng)帶電部分的距離不得小于2m；與回流線距離在1m以內(nèi)時，應(yīng)加絕緣防護，但不得小于0.7m。(3)Whentheinstallation