AmericaHistoryAndSpirit

Speaker：EricNingClassThreeElectricalEngineeringandItsAutomation1/28HistoryofUSAColonialTimes1493-1776voyageoftheMayflower;ImmigrationofthePuritansFormationoftheUSA1776-1789BostonTeaParty;WarofIndependenceWestwardExpansion1789-1849CivilWarEra1849-1865IssueofEmancipationProclamation;LiberationofblackslavesRapidGrowthofEconomy1865_1940WorldWarI;GreatDepressionWorldWarII1939—1945AttackonPearlHarbor;Set-upoftheUnitedNations2/28TheMayflower

ColonialPeriod

ThefamousPuritanleaderBradfordsummoned102companioninSeptember1620,boardeda180tonsand90feetlong,woodensailingboat--themayflower,begansailingadventuretoAmerica.Giveawayroyalpower

，fightforfreedom，andeveryoneisequal

3/28Aftersixtysixdaydriftinsea,theyarrivedinAmerica.inordertoestablishaeverybodycanberestrainedpoliticalgroups,thetheysignedaconvention.4/28THEMAYFLOWERCOMPACTInthenameofGod,Amen.

Wewhosenamesareunderwritten,theloyalsubjectsofourdreadsovereignLord,KingJames,bythegraceofGod,ofGreatBritain,FranceandIrelandking,defenderofthefaith,etc.,havingundertaken,forthegloryofGod,andadvancementoftheChristianfaith,andhonorofourkingandcountry,avoyagetoplantthefirstcolonyintheNorthernpartsofVirginia,dobythesepresentssolemnlyandmutuallyinthepresenceofGod,andoneofanother,covenantandcombineourselvestogetherintoacivilbodypolitic,forourbetterorderingandpreservationandfurtheranceoftheendsaforesaid;andbyvirtuehereoftoenact,constitute,andframesuchjustandequallaws,ordinances,acts,constitutions,andoffices,fromtimetotime,asshallbethoughtmostmeetandconvenientforthe

generalgoodofthecolony,untowhichwepromiseallduesubmissionandobedience.

5/28ImmigrationMuseum6/287/288/28WarofIndependenceIn1774Britishgovernmentthroughaseriesof"mandatorylaw",Coercivedesignedtoenhancethecontrolthecolony.ThebillisinMassachusetts,butwascalled"reintolerableact",thelawhasdestoryed“THEMAYFLOWERCOMPACT”thenPhiladelphiaandotherportsinresponseto,andfinallyinApril1775,warofindependenceoutbreak.9/28Givemelibertyorgivemedeath

byPatrickHenry,March23,1775.

Itisinvain,sir,toextenuatethematter.Gentlemenmaycry,Peace,Peace--butthereisnopeace.Thewarisactuallybegun!Thenextgalethatsweepsfromthenorthwillbringtoourearstheclashofresoundingarms!Ourbrethrenarealreadyinthefield!Whystandwehereidle?Whatisitthatgentlemenwish?Whatwouldtheyhave?Islifesodear,orpeacesosweet,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchainsandslavery?Forbidit,AlmightyGod!Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake;butasforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!10/2811/28MountRushmoreNationalMemorial

12/28

Weholdthesetruthstobe[sacredandundeniable]selfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequalandindependent;thatfromthatequalcreationtheyderiveinrightsinherentandinalienables,amongwhicharethepreservationoflife,andlibertyandthepursuitofhappiness.我們認(rèn)為下面這些真理是不言而喻：人人受造而平等，造物者賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢蓜儕Z權(quán)利，其中包含生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福權(quán)利。UnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence

13/28WestwardExpansionAfterfoundationoftheUSA,Americangovernmentabolishbanofmigrantstothewest,manyfromeasterncoastalareaspeopleandEuropeanimmigrantsheadedacrosstheAppalachianmountains

flockedtothewest.14/28Keyword:Cowboy

15/28Westcowboy,referstothecowboywholivedin18thto19thcenturyinwestoftheAmerica.intheWestofthevastland,agroupoffearlessandenthusiasmpioneers.InthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,theyarethepioneersofwesterndevelopment,theyadventurismandhard-workingspiritbecomeAmericaSpirit,thereforeAmericanscalledthem"theheroonhorseback".16/28Keyword:IndiansAftermanywhitesmovedtothewest,whitesandindianswaroutbreakfortheland.In1887mostindiansrollinthereservation，andthe(DawesGeneralAllotmentAct)Maketheindianslostnearly348,100squarekilometersofland。17/28CivilWarDuetothenorthcapitalisteconomyandsouthplantationeconomycontradictory,mostAmericanblackslavesweretransferredtothesouth,andrequiresindependent.sotheUnitedStatesPresidentAbrahamLincolnwarringandallownegroestoattendthewar.18/28

UnitedStates

ConfederateStatespopulation

（1860）22million9milliongroundforce

（1865）1.5million1millionBlackforces（1865）0.19million

0Industrial（1860）91%9%railway（1860）320,000miles9000milesnavy（1865）900warshipAfewclippers19/28RobertE.LeeUlyssesSimpsonGrant

vs20/2821/2822/28AbrahamLincolnInthistampleasintheheartsofthepeopleforwhomhesavedtheUnionthememoryofAbrahamLincolnisenshrinedforever23/28GettysburgAddress

Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.八十又七年前吾輩先祖于這大陸上，肇建一個新國度，乃孕育于自由，且致力于凡人皆生而平等此信念。

UnderGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.

于神佑之下，當(dāng)享受自由之新生—民有、民治、民享之政府當(dāng)免于凋零。

24/28RapidEconomicGrowthAfteritscivilwar,Americaexperiencedanacceleratedrateofindustrialization,mainlyinthenorthernstates.However,ReconstructionanditsfailurelefttheSouthernwhitesinapositionoffirmcontroloveritsblackpopulation,denyingthemtheirCivilRightsandkeepingtheminastateofeconomic,socialandpoliticalservitude.Sincethelate1800s,theUnitedStateshasbeenformallygroupedamongsttheGreatPowers,andhasalsobecomeadominanteconomicforce.T