專題02閱讀理解（說明文）

1.（2024屆?廣西玉林一模）

TariqQaiser,anarchitect,istryingtoprotectmangroves（紅樹林）.ThetreescouldsavePakistan'slargestcity

Karachi,sittingontheArabianSea,fromnaturaldisaster.HecomestoBundalIslandseveraltimesaweekto

documenttheillegalcuttingofmangrovetrees.Veryoften,46Youcan'thearasinglebirdbecausethechainsawsare

soloud.Thetreesarecutdownillegallyforfirewood,9,hesays,shakinghishead.Besides,developersclearthe

mangrovestomakeroomforconstruction.

Karachihasahotclimate,anditsconcretebuildingsandpavedroadsmakeitevenhotter.Offshore,thereare

islandswheremangrovesgrow.Theycouldbethekeytoslowingclimatechange.Mangroveforestspullcarbon

dioxideoutoftheair,holdingfourtimesasmuchoftheplanet-warminggasasotherforestscan.Theysupport

diverseecosystems.Assealevelsrisewithglobalwarming,thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastal

citieslikeKarachifromflooding.Karachi?smangrovesaredisappearing.Butitsnumbersarerisinginotherpartsof

Pakistan.Withreplantingefforts,thecountryhastripled（三倍于）itsmangrovecoverageoverthepast30years.

Qaiser'sworkmayhaveworked.Recently,acourtinKarachideclaredBundalIsland'smangrovestobe

protectedforests.Butunforestedpartsoftheislandremainunprotected,anddeveloperswanttobuildthere.City

officialssaythiscouldprovidemuch-neededhousingandbringinbillionsofdollars.Theyclaimthatsomeofthat

moneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan.

EcologistRafiulHaqappreciatesQaiser's"extraordinarywork“educatingthepublicaboutmangroves.Buthe

wishesQaiserwouldlookatthebiggerpicture.""Only7%ofPakistan'smangrovesareinKarachi,Haqsays.He

thinksifswrongtofbcusonthelossesin7%ofthecountrywhileignoringthesuccessin93%ofit.ButQaiser

believesit'simportanttoprotecteverybit.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutKarachi5smangroves?

A.Theyoccupythebuildingland.B.They'rehometovariousbirds.

C.They'reprimarilybeingusedasfirewood.D.Theyprotectthecityfromclimatecatastrophe.

2.Whyareeffortsmadetoconservethemangrovetrees?

A.Theirbirthplacesmeetcrisis.B.Theyboasthugediversity.

C.Theirbondswithnatureareclose.D.Theygrowatarapidspeed.

3.WhatdoestheKarachigovernmentplantodo?

A.Growmangrovesinotherareas.B.Destroybuildingstogrowmangroves.

C.Buildmoremangrovereserves.D.Usemangrovestomakeprofit.

4.WhatdoesHaqthinkofQaiser5sworkonKarachi5smangroves?

A.Challenging.B.Effective.C.Insignificant.D.Partial.

【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.D

【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了對巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇紅樹林的保護措施。

1.細節理解題。根據第一段"ThetreescouldsavePakistan'slargestcityKarachi,sittingontheArabianSea,from

naturaldisaster.（這些樹木可以使位于阿拉伯海的巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇免遭自然災害。）”可知，它們保護

城市免受氣候災難。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據第二段“Offshore,thereareislandswheremangrovesgrow.Theycouldbethekeytoslowing

climatechange.Mangroveforestspullcarbondioxideoutoftheair,holdingfourtimesasmuchofthe

planet-warminggasasotherforestscan.Theysupportdiverseecosystems.Assealevelsrisewithglobalwarming,

thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastalcitieslikeKarachifromflooding.（在近海，有紅樹林生長的島

嶼。它們可能是減緩氣候變化的關鍵。紅樹林從空氣中吸收二氧化碳，其吸收的溫室氣體是其他森林的四

倍。它們支持不同的生態系統。隨著全球變暖導致海平面上升，這些樹木可以在保護卡拉奇等沿海城市免

受洪水侵襲方面發揮重要作用。廠由此判斷，紅樹林科院減緩氣候變化，且能吸收很多的二氧化碳，在很多

方面保護著城市，故保護紅樹林是因為它們與自然的緊密聯系。故選C。

3.細節理解題。根據第三段最后兩句"Cityofficialssaythiscouldprovidemuch-neededhousingandbringin

billionsofdollars.TheyclaimthatsomeofthatmoneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan.

（市政府官員表示，這可以提供急需的住房，并帶來數十億美元的收入。他們聲稱，其中一些錢可以用來在

巴基斯坦其他地區種植紅樹林。）”可知，政府官員會在其他的地方種植紅樹林。故選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“"Only7%ofPakistanimangrovesareinKarachi,Haqsays.Hethinksifswrong

tofocusonthelossesin7%ofthecountrywhileignoringthesuccessin93%ofit.ButQaiserbelievesit's

importanttoprotecteverybit.（Haq說：“巴基斯坦只有7%的紅樹林在卡拉奇。”他認為關注全國7%的損失而

忽視93%的成功是錯誤的。但是Qaiser認為保護每一處都很重要。戶可知，H叫認為不能只關注到失敗的

而不關注成功的方面，但Qaiser認為就算是再小的區域都要兼顧到，因此H叫認為Qaiser對于卡拉奇紅樹

林工作成果的想法的認識是片面的，不全面的。故選D。

2.（2024屆?廣西玉林一模）

It'swell-knownthathumorcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally.Theideathatlaughteristhebest

medicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes.Inhis1905book,JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious,

SigmundFreudarguedthathumoristhehighestofthepsyche9sdefensemechanism（機制），capableofturning

anxietyintopleasure.

Therearefourhumorstyles.Affiliativehumorreferstojokesaboutthingsthatmightbecommonlyconsidered

funny,whichisusuallyemployedtoimproverelationshipsormakeotherslaugh.Ifyou'veeversharedafunny

picturewithacoworker,you'veusedaffiliativehumor.Self^enhancinghumorinvolvesbeingabletolaughat

yourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult.Aggressivehumor

islaughingattheexpenseofothers,whichofteninvolvessarcasm（諷刺），teasing,andcriticism.Self-defeating

humoristheartofputtingyourselfdowntogainfavorfromyourpeers,whichispossiblyusedbysomeonewho's

targetedbybullies.

Eachstyleofhumoractuallycarriesadifferentinfluence,whenitcomestomentalhealth.JulieAitken

Schermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancing

humorarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers.Bycontrast,bothaggressive

andself-defeatinghumorstylescanhintattrouble.t6Wefindthatself-defeatinghumoristhemostconcerningstyle

asitisalsolinkedwithlonelinessandfeelingsofnotmattering.Thosewithanaggressivehumorstylemaynot

experiencelonelinessasmuch,however,sincetheyrelyongroupdynamics（群體動力）inordertomakefunof

theirpeers,9,saysSchermer.

Evenifyoutendtofavormorenegativehumorstyles,there?snoreasontoloseheart.Schermersayspeople

candevelopapositive,self-enhancinghumorstylebyconcentratingonthelighterandmorehumorousaspectsof

life.AsauthorKurtVonnegutoncewrote,"'Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties.Iprefer

tolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward.^^

5.WhyisSigmundFreud'sbookmentionedinParagraph1?

A.Toshowtheimportanceofmentalhealth.B.Tostresstheroleofhumor.

C.Topersuadepeopletostaypositive.D.Tointroduceancientjokestous.

6.Accordingtothetext,whichkindofhumormayyouusetorelievepressure?

A.Affiliativehumor.B.Self-enhancinghumor.

C.Aggressivehumor.D.Self-defeatinghumor.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hintat“probablymeaninthethirdparagraph?

A.Signal.B.Explain.C.Prevent.D.Solve.

8.WhichofthefollowingwillKurtVonnegutprobablyagreewith?

A.Humorisdifficulttocontrol.B.Cryingisagoodwayofrelief.

C.Humorisadouble-edgedsword.D.Laughteristhebestcureforstress.

【答案】5.B6.B7.A8.D

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一本書----JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious,介紹了四種不

同的幽默類型。

5.推理判斷題。根據第——段well-knownthathumorcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally.Theideathat

laughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes.Inhis1905book,JokesandTheirRelationtothe

Unconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumoristhehighestofthepsyche?sdefensemechanism（機制），capable

ofturninganxietyintopleasure.（眾所周知，幽默對我們的身心都有好處。笑是最好的良藥這一觀點自古以來

就存在。西格蒙德?弗洛伊德在他1905年出版的《笑話及其與無意識的關系》一書中認為，幽默是心靈的最

高防御機制，能夠將焦慮轉化為快樂）”可知，第一段提到這本書是為了強調幽默的作用。故選B。

6.細節理角軍題。根據第二段“Sel「enhancinghumorinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasaway

foryoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult.（自我提升的幽默包括能夠自嘲，通常是你處理

壓力或困難的一種方式，結果感覺更好）”可知，用于緩解壓力的是自我提升式幽默，故選B。

7.詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWestern

Ontario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumorarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationships

withothers.（西安大略大學的心理學研究員JulieAitkenSchermer說，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表現

出孤獨和與他人關系不佳的跡象）”以及"Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumorstyles”可知，使用

自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表現出孤獨和與他人關系不好的跡象。相比之下，攻擊性和自我挫敗的幽默

風格都可能暗示出麻煩，故劃線詞意思是“暗示”。故選A。

8.推理判斷題。根據第四段“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties.Iprefertolaugh,since

thereislesscleaninguptodoafterward」笑和哭都是對擔心和焦慮的反應。我更喜歡笑，因為笑完之后要做的

清理工作少了）”可知，KurtVonnegut更喜歡笑，可得出他可能同意“笑是治療壓力的最好方法”這一觀點。故

選D。

3.（2024屆?廣西北海一模）

ConstructionofProjectNexusisscheduledtobecompletedbytheendof2023.The5-megawattprojectwill

consistofthreesitesalongcanalsincentralCaliforniawithwidthsrangingfrom20feetto100feet.

Ifthepilotprojectprovessolarcanopies（檐篷）areacost-effectivewaytoproducecleanenergyandsave

water,scoresofsimilarinstallationscouldbebuiltatopCalifornia^canalnetwork-oneoftheworld'slargestwater

distributionsystems.

“Thisisareallyexcitingproject,9,CaliforniaNaturalResourcesSecretaryWadeCrowfootsaidlastmonth.4tIt

connectsoureffortsinCaliforniatoimprovewaterconservationandbuilddroughtresilience（抗旱能力）withthe

cleanenergytransitionwe*redrivingacrossCalifomia.^^

ProjectNexuswasinspiredbya2021studybyUniversityofCaliforniaresearchersthatwaspublishedinthe

journalNatureSustainability.Typically,l%to2%ofthewaterthatcirculatesthroughCalifornia'scanals

evaporates（蒸發），anumberthatisexpectedtoincreaseduetotheclimatecrisis.

Usingdatafromsatellites,climatemodels,andautomatedweatherstations,thepeer-reviewedstudyestimated

thatcoveringalloftheapproximately4,000milesofCalifornia^canalscouldextremelyreduceevaporation,

saving63billiongallonsofwaterannually-comparabletotheamountofwaterrequiredtoirrigate50,000acres

offarmlandormeetthewaterneedsofmorethan2millionpeople.

GovernorGavinNewsonhasallocatedadditionalfundstohelplocalcommunitiescopewithwaterscarcity

andencourageCalifornianstouselesswater.'"Researchandcommonsensetellusthatinanageofintensifying

drought,ifstimetoputalidonevaporation,saidJordanHarris,CEOofSolarAquaGrid,thecompanythatis

buildingthesolarcanopies.

Thestudyfoundsolarcanalswouldbeabletogenerate13gigawattsofcleanpower,equaltoapproximately

one-sixthofthestate'scurrentinstalledsolarcapacity.ThisadditionalgenerationcouldhelpCaliforniaachieveits

goalofsupplyingatleast60%ofitselectricityfromrenewablesourcesby2030and100%by2045.

9.WhatisthepurposeofProjectNexus?

A.ToenlargethecanalnetworkthroughoutCalifornia.

B.Toimprovethequalityofwaterusedbylocalpeople.

C.ToproduceasmuchpoweraspossibleforCalifornia.

D.TohelppreserveCalifornia'sdecliningwaterresources.

10.WheredidtheinspirationofProjectNexuscomefrom?

A.Astudypublishedinamagazine.B.Acleanwaterdistributionsystem.

C.Apeer-reviewedstudyevaluation.D.Asuddenthoughtoftheresearchers.

11.HowdoestheauthorshowthebenefitbroughtbyProjectNexus?

A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Bylistingscientificdata.

C.Byclarifyingtheprocess.D.Byexplainingthereasons.

12.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Climatechangehasagreateffectonthewaterconservation.

B.LargeamountsofcleanwaterwereproducedbyProjectNexus.

C.ProjectNexusisthefirst-eversolarpaneldevelopmentintheworld.

D.Californios"solarcanals“willsavewaterandproducecleanenergy.

【答案】9.D10.A11.B12.D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了節約用水并生產清潔能源的加州“太陽能運河”項目。

9.推理判斷題。根據第二段“Ifthepilotprojectprovessolarcanopies（檐篷）areacost-effectivewaytoproduce

cleanenergyandsavewater,scoresofsimilarinstallationscouldbebuiltatopCalifornia^canalnetwork-oneofthe

world'slargestwaterdistributionsystems.（如果這個試點項目證明太陽能頂篷是一種生產清潔能源和節約用水

的經濟有效的方式，那么許多類似的裝置將被建在加利福尼亞的運河網絡上——世界上最大的供水系統之

一。廠可知，Nexus項目的目的是幫助保護加州日益減少的水資源。故選D項。

10.細節理解題。根據第四段中“ProjectNexuswasinspiredbya2021studybyUniversityofCalifornia

researchersthatwaspublishedinthejournalNatureSustainability.（Nexus項目的靈感來自加州大學研究人員

2021年發表在《自然可持續發展》雜志上的一項研究。戶可知，Nexus項目的靈感來自發表在雜志上的一項

研究。故選A項。

11.推理判斷題。根據第五段“Usingdatafromsatellites,climatemodels,andautomatedweatherstations,the

peer-reviewedstudyestimatedthatcoveringalloftheapproximately4,000milesofCalifornia'scanalscould

extremelyreduceevaporation,saving63billiongallonsofwaterannually-comparabletotheamountofwater

requiredtoirrigate50,000acresoffarmlandormeetthewaterneedsofmorethan2millionpeople.（利用衛星、氣

候模型和自動氣象站的數據，同行評議的研究估計，覆蓋加州所有大約4000英里的運河可以極大地減少蒸

發，每年節省630億加侖的水——相當于灌溉5萬英畝農田或滿足200多萬人的用水需求。戶可知，作者列

舉科學數據來展示Nexus項目帶來的好處。故選B項。

12.主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據第二段“Ifthepilotprojectprovessolarcanopies（檐篷）areacost-effectiveway

toproducecleanenergyandsavewater,scoresofsimilarinstallationscouldbebuiltatopCalifornia^canal

network-oneoftheworld'slargestwaterdistributionsystems.（如果這個試點項目證明太陽能檐篷是一種生產清

潔能源和節約用水的經濟有效的方式，那么許多類似的裝置將被建在加利福尼亞的運河網絡上——世界上

最大的供水系統之一。）”等內容可知，本文主要介紹了節約用水并生產清潔能源的加州“太陽能運河”項目。

故選D項。

4.（2024屆?甘肅白銀一模）

Denmarkretiredafterpracticingmedicinefor73yearsandthenvolunteeredherservicesuntilshecouldn't

anymore.Shediedattheageof114.

Imetherbyphonewhenthepediatrician（JL科醫生）couldn'tfigureoutwhatwaswrongwithmybaby.On

thephone,shetalkedwithmeformorethan30minutes.Itookheradvice,andmybabywasbetterabout10days

later.Sheneverchargedme.

“Youkeepondoingwhatyoudobestaslongasyoucan,^^shewasfamousforthewords.Anditturnedouther

adviceaboutactivelyhelpingotherswasasgoodashermedicaladvice.

Obviously,wecan'tallliveaslongasDr.Denmark.Butrecentresearchhasshownthatvolunteeringprovides

alongevityboostsimilartotheeffectsofaddingmultipleservingsoffruitsandvegetablestoyourdailydiet.

Specifically,olderadultswhovolunteerareat24percentlessriskofearlydeath.Thepositiveimpactofgivingand

volunteeringonolderpeoplegoesbeyondthat.Accordingtotheresearch,adultsover55whogivetheirtimefor

othershaveaneasiertimewitheverydaytasks.Besides,volunteersexperience250percentlesscognitivedecline

leadingtodementia（癡呆）.

AccordingtoanewstudyintheJournalofHappinessStudies,peoplewhovolunteerreporthigherlevelsof

happinessandlifesatisfaction.Thestudytookitasecondstepandfollowedpeoplewhobegan

volunteering-monitoringtheirresponsesfromthetimetheystartedvolunteering.Thelongertheyvolunteeredand

themoretheyvolunteered,thegreaterlevelofhappinesstheyreported.

Youmayalreadybevolunteeringyourtime.Butifyou'renot,considerthecharitiesyousupport.Thinkabout

theskillsyoumightbeabletoofferthem.Youarelikelytobegladaboutwhatyoudo.

13.WhatcanweinferaboutDenmark?

A.Sheretiredattheageof73.B.Shevolunteeredfor73years.

C.Shewaspatientandprofessional.D.Sheonceforgettochargetheauthor.

14.Howmanybenefitsofvolunteeringarementionedinparagraph4?

A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

15.Whatdoestheauthortrytodointhelastparagraph?

A.Seeksupport.B.Adviseaboutsharpeningskills.

C.Offersolutions.D.Encouragepeopletovolunteer.

16.Whafsthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thekindnessofadoctor.B.Thebenefitsofvolunteering.

C.Theprocessofbeingavolunteer.D.Thestruggleofchild-raising.

【答案】13.C14.C15.D16.B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章敘述了“志愿服務的好處”，同時鼓勵人們做志愿者。

13.推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Denmarkretiredafterpracticingmedicinefor73yearsandthenvolunteeredher

servicesuntilshecouldn'tanymore.^^（丹麥在行醫73年后退休，然后自愿服務，直到她不能再做了。）可知，

關于丹麥我們可以推斷出她既耐心又專業。故選C。

14.細節理解題。根據第四段中“volunteeringprovidesalongevityboostsimilartotheeffectsofaddingmultiple

servingsoffruitsandvegetablestoyourdailydiet.Specifically,olderadultswhovolunteerareat24percentless

riskofearlydeath.Thepositiveimpactofgivingandvolunteeringonolderpeoplegoesbeyondthat.Accordingto

theresearch,adultsover55whogivetheirtimeforothershaveaneasiertimewitheverydaytasks.Besides,

volunteersexperience250percentlesscognitivedeclineleadingtodementia（癡呆）（志愿月艮務可以延長壽命，

就像在日常飲食中添加多種水果和蔬菜一樣。具體來說，做志愿者的老年人早死的風險降低了24%。給予

和志愿服務對老年人的積極影響遠不止于此。根據這項研究，55歲以上的成年人把時間花在了別人身上，

他們在處理日常任務時更容易。此外，志愿者的認知能力下降導致癡呆的幾率減少了250%。）可知，第4

段提到了志愿服務的3個好處。故選C。

15.推理判斷題。根據最后一段"Youmayalreadybevolunteeringyourtime.Butifyou'renot,considerthe

charitiesyousupport.Thinkabouttheskillsyoumightbeabletoofferthem.Youarelikelytobegladaboutwhat

youdo."（你可能已經在做義工了。但如果你不是，考慮一下你支持的慈善機構。想想你能給他們提供什么

技能。你可能會為你所做的感到高興。）可知，作者在最后一段試圖鼓勵人們做志愿者。故選D。

16.主旨大意題。根據倒數第二段“AccordingtoanewstudyintheJournalofHappinessStudies,peoplewho

volunteerreporthigherlevelsofhappinessandlifbsatisfaction.”（根據《幸福研究雜志》上的一項新研究，志愿

者的幸福感和生活滿意度更高。）和最后一段，Youmayalreadybevolunteeringyourtime.Butifyou5renot,

considerthecharitiesyousupport.Thinkabouttheskillsyoumightbeabletoofferthem.Youarelikelytobeglad

aboutwhatyoudo."（你可能已經在做義工了。但如果你不是，考慮一下你支持的慈善機構。想想你能給他

們提供什么技能。你可能會為你所做的感到高興。）可知，這篇文章主要講了“志愿服務的好處。”故選B。

5.（2024屆?甘肅白銀一模）

ChinahasbuiltinKunmingCity,YunnanProvince,theGermplasm（種質）BankofWildSpecies,a

comprehensivenationaldatabaseforthecollectionandpreservationofwildlifegermplasmresources.Asoftheend

of2020,thebankpreserved85,046copiesof10,601wildplantseedsforprotectingwildlifegermplasmresources.

Preservingdriedandfrozenseeds,thebankprovidestechnologicalsupportfortheprotectionandresearch,makes

useofChina'swildlifegermplasmresources,andplaysamajorpartininternationalbiodiversityconservation.

Theimportanceofscienceandtechnologyforbiodiversityconservationisincreasinglyobvious.Whenremote

sensormonitoringwasnotavailable,agriculturaltechnicianshadnochoicebuttogoforfieldstudies,whichcould

barelymeettheneedforlarge-scale,fastandnondestructive（非破壞性的）monitoringofcropconditionsand

timelypreventionandcontrolofdiseasesandpests.Nowadays,remotesensormonitoringhasbeenappliedin

agriculturalproductioninChina,allowingagriculturaltechnicianstoanalyzethemovementsofinsectpestsand

evaluateplantdiseasesandinsectpestsbymonitoringremotelythevegetationgrowth,coverage,surface

temperature,humidityandotherindicators.

IntheInternetera,informationtechnologyhasmadetheprocessingofmassivedatapossibleandcreatedwider

andmoreconvenientplatformsforbiodiversityconservationinChina,includingChineseVirtualHerbarium,Plant

PhotoBankofChina,andNationalAnimalCollectionResourceCenter.Theemergenceofdatabasesanddigital

programsinrecentyearsisdrivingChinatoturnarounditsseriouslythreatenedbiodiversity.

Fromthecollectionandstorageofinformationtothemanagementandanalysisofresources,theconstantly

improvingbiodiversityinformationnetworkhasrealizedtheexplorationanduseofmassivebiodiversitydata,

providingasolidfoundationforChina'sbiodiversityconservationandresearch.Biodiversityconservationand

scienceandtechnologyareinextricable.Onlybymakingscienceandtechnologyastrongsupportforbiodiversity

conservationcanhumankindguardtheEarthandbuildabeautifulworldofharmonyamongallbeingsonthe

planet.

17.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebankfromparagraph1?

A.Itscrisis.B.Itsadministration.C.Itsrole.D.Itsstaff.

18.Whatdoresearchershardlyneedtodowiththehelpofremotesensormonitoring?

A.Evaluateplantdiseasesandinsectpests.

B.Gotofieldstocontroltheplantdiseases.

C.Analyzethetracksofthepestsofplants.

D.Satisfytheneedtomonitorcropconditions.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inextricable“inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Linked.B.Competitive.C.Inadequate.D.Inessential.

20.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheGermplasmBankofWildSpeciesDevelopsFast

B.TechnologiesPromoteChineseBiodiversityProtection

C.ChinaHasMadeGreatEffortstoProcessMassiveData

D.InformationTechnologyContributesMuchtoManyFields

【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科技在保護生物多樣性中的重要性。

17.主旨大意題。根據第一段"ChinahasbuiltinKunmingCity,YunnanProvince,theGermplasm（種質）Bankof

WildSpecies,acomprehensivenationaldatabaseforthecollectionandpreservationofwildlifegermplasm

resources.Asoftheendof2020,thebankpreserved85,046copiesof10,601wildplantseedsforprotecting

wildlifegermplasmresources.Preservingdriedandfrozenseeds,thebankprovidestechnologicalsupportforthe

protectionandresearch,makesuseofChina?swildlifegermplasmresources,andplaysamajorpartininternational

biodiversityconservation.”（中國在云南省昆明市建立了野生物種種質資源庫，這是一個綜合性的國家野生動

物種質資源收集和保存數據庫。截至2020年底，野生植物種子庫共保存10601種野生植物種子85046份，

保護野生植物種質資源。種子庫保存干燥和冷凍種子，為保護和研究提供技術支持，充分利用中國野生生

物種質資源，在國際生物多樣性保護中發揮重要作用。）可知，第一段主要介紹了野生物種種質資源庫在保

護生物多樣性方面發揮的作用，也就是資源庫所扮演的角色。故選C項。

18.推理判斷題。根據第二段“Whenremotesensormonitoringwasnotavailable,agriculturaltechnicianshadno

choicebuttogoforfieldstudies,whichcouldbarelymeettheneedforlarge-scale,fastandnondestructive（非破壞

性的）monitoringofcropconditionsandtimelypreventionandcontrolofdiseasesandpests.“（在沒有遙感監測的

情況下，農業技術人員只能進行實地考察，難以滿足大規模、快速、無損地監測作物狀況和及時防治病蟲

害的需要。）可知，在沒有遙感監測的情況下，研究人員需要進行實地考察；再根據"Nowadays,remotesensor

monitoringhasbeenappliedinagriculturalproductioninChina,allowingagriculturaltechnicianstoanalyzethe

movementsofinsectpestsandevaluateplantdiseasesandinsectpestsbymonitoringremotelythevegetation

growth,coverage,surfacetemperature,humidityandotherindicators."（如今，遙感監測已經在中國的農業生產中

得到了應用，農業技術人員通過遠程監測植被生長、覆蓋度、地表溫度、濕度等指標，分析病蟲害的動態，

評價病蟲害。）可知，在遙感監測的幫助下，研究人員可以通過遠程監控的方式查看植被的生長動態，可推

斷有了遙感監測，研究人員幾乎不需要進行實地考察了。故選B項。

19.詞義猜測題。根據最后——段"Fromthecollectionandstorageofinformationtothemanagementandanalysisof

resources,theconstantlyimprovingbiodiversityinformationnetworkhasrealizedtheexplorationanduseof

massivebiodiversitydata,providingasolidfoundationforChina'sbiodiversityconservationandresearch.“（從信息、

的收集和存儲到資源的管理和分析，不斷完善的生物多樣性信息網絡實現了對海量生物多樣性數據的挖掘

和利用，為中國生物多樣性保護和研究提供了堅實的基礎。）可知，科技為生物多樣性的保護提供了重要支

持，兩者息息相關的，可推斷“Biodiversityconservationandscienceandtechnologyareinextricable.”（生物多樣

性保護與科技是inextricableo）中的inextricable意為“息息相關的，密切相關的“，與linked表達的含義一致。

故選A項。

20.主旨大意題。觀察文章結構可知，文章先通過對野生物種種質資源庫的介紹，說明了技術支持對該資

源庫的作用，從而引出了科技在生物多樣性保護中的作用；接下來第二段和第三段分段進一步詳細闡述了

科技在生物多樣性保護中發揮的作用，最后一段進行總結歸納，強調了生物多樣性保護和科技是密不可分

的，由此可知文章是圍繞科技對于生物多樣性保護的作用而展開的，所以B選項“科技促進中國生物多樣性

保護”概括了文章內容。故選B項。

6.（2024屆?甘肅張掖一模）

Therewasatimewhenthesolarindustrywasconsidereddeadmoney.Itwastooexpensive,tooinefficient,

andtooinconsistenttobeagoodalternativeenergysourceforanything,letaloneyourhomeoroffice.

Butthosedaysarelonggone.Today,solarenergyrepresentsthefutureofourplanefsenergyneedsbecause

ifscheap,efficient,consistent,andmostimportantly,clean.

Solarenergycostshavedroppedbymorethan70%overthepast10years,andsolarenergyisnowcheaper

thanfossilfuelsinmostpartsoftheUnitedStates.Letthatsinkinforamoment.

Betteryet,thedriversofthesecostdeclines-economiesofscaleandtechnologicalimprovementspoweredby

Moore9sLawandWright'sLaw-arelasting,andtherefore,solarenergyisgoingtogetevencheaper.Indeed,these

forcesaresopowerfulinthesolarindustrythattheyhavetheirownlaw-Swanson'sLaw-whichstatesthattheprice

ofsolarmodules（組件）decreasesbyabout20%foreverydoublinginglobalsolarcapacity.

Forwhatit'sworth,theUSDepartmentofEnergybelievessolarcostscanandwillfallbyanother60%in

2030.So,solarenergyisthecheapestwaytopowerthingstoday.

Meanwhile,solarpanelshavebecomeveryefficientatturninglightfromthesunintousableenergy.Backin

1992,researchersattheUniversityofSouthFloridacreatedathin-filmsolarcellwith15.9%efficiency——andthat

wasconsideredabreakthroughatthetime.Thesedays,though,youraveragesilicon（硅）solarcellssportefficiency

ratesabove20%.Thafsstandard.Andmanufacturershavecreatedprototypes（原型機）thataregetting30%

efficiency,whilesomeresearcheffortshaveevenmanagedtoachievenear50%efficiencyincertainlabtests.

Atthesametime,thesesolarsystemshavebecomedramaticallymoreconsistent.Oneofthebiggest

disadvantagesforsolarenergyintheearly2000swasitsintermittency（間歇'性）一thesundoesn'tshineeveryday,

sowhatdoyoudowhenifscloudy?Well,thafswhybigbatteriesexist.

21.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?

A.Theworldwidepopularityofsolarenergy.

B.Therapidincreaseinglobalsolarcapacity.